Casos de Uso Expandidos

5-125. During develop and detect, CMSEs identify the causes of conflict using ICAF and DSF or other means based upon their understanding of the operational environment. By using these tools, CMSEs implement a nonlethal targeting process.

D

5-126. During deliver, CMSEs identify tasks that are believed to produce the desired effects on the operational environment. These tasks are aligned with the established prioritized lines of effort and are commonly portrayed in an execution matrix to ensure synchronization with the activities of other interagency or IPI entities.

E

5-127. The staff analyzes relevant information collected through monitoring to evaluate the operation’s progress. Evaluating is using criteria to judge progress toward desired conditions and determining why the current degree of progress exists. Evaluation is the heart of the assessment process where most of the analysis occurs. Evaluation helps leaders determine what is working, determine what is not working, and gain insights into how to better accomplish objectives.

5-128. Criteria in the forms of MOEs and MOPs aid in determining progress toward attaining objectives and performing tasks. MOEs help determine if a task is achieving its intended results. MOPs help determine if a task is completed properly. MOEs and MOPs are simply criteria—they do not represent the assessment itself. MOEs and MOPs require relevant information in the form of indicators for evaluation.

FM 3-57 provides additional information regarding evaluating tasks, MOPs, and MOEs.

5-129. A MOE is a criterion used to assess changes in system behavior, capability, or operational environment that is tied to measuring the attainment of an end state, achievement of an objective, or creation of an effect (JP 3-0). MOEs help measure changes in conditions, both positive and negative.

MOEs help to answer the question “Are we doing the right things?” MOEs are commonly found and tracked in formal assessment plans.

5-130. Figure 5-15, page 5-37, demonstrates an MOE for the objective Enable HN to Counter VEOs, which may consist of the following:

 Decrease in insurgent activity.

 Increase in population trust of HN security forces.

5-131. A MOP is a criterion used to assess friendly actions that is tied to measuring task accomplishment (JP 3-0). An execution matrix is a common synchronization product that allows CMSE planners to decide, synchronize, and evaluate performance. It helps CMSEs and the interagency determine if they are initiating the right activities and the qualitative level of their activity, project, program, or operation. MOPs help answer questions such as “Was the action taken?” or “Were the tasks completed to standard?” A MOP confirms or denies that a task has been properly performed. MOPs are commonly found and tracked at all levels in execution matrixes. MOPs are also heavily used to evaluate training. MOPs help to answer the question “Are we doing things right?” Figure 5-16, page 5-38, illustrates the variables that must be analyzed to determine the quality or benefit of MOPs, as well as synchronization of efforts.

5-132. All governing bodies have some common operating functions that manifest into directorates, ministries or departments that support governance activities (for example, Treasury, Justice, Agriculture, Culture, and Commerce). In the FID environment, CMSEs assist the country team and HN in support of an IDAD plan. Governments identify and execute these common operating functions and create ministries and departments to carry out what the governing body acknowledges as the specified tasks of government.

Figure 5-15. Effects matrix

5-133. All governing bodies have some common operating functions that manifest into directorates, ministries or departments that support governance activities (for example, Treasury, Justice, Agriculture, Culture, and Commerce). In the FID environment, CMSEs assist the country team and HN in support of an IDAD plan. Governments identify and execute these common operating functions and create ministries and departments to carry out what the governing body acknowledges as the specified tasks of government.

5-134. Most governments develop their structure based upon the needs of the populace. For example, in an arid country, there may be a ministry of water; in an oil producing country, there may be a ministry of oil; and in an Islamic country, there may be a ministry of Hajj or ministry of culture. CMSEs identify civil vulnerabilities within a government’s ordered structure that can be exploited by internal defense threats or VEOs. Within IW operational environments, such vulnerabilities exist among the populace, and thus, operations carried out to address these vulnerabilities are sometimes referred to as “population-centric.” It is within these structures that CA functional areas are carried out. The CA functional areas and their subsets are generally recognized as the common baseline of societal and governing functional areas as identified in Chapter 4 and Figure 4-3, page 4-3. When society is analyzed using the CA functional areas, civil vulnerabilities can be identified and action taken through ministries or departments to address the identified vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities are generally not addressed in a single short-term operation, project, or program; therefore, campaigns are established to address specific civil vulnerabilities. These campaigns in themselves may be composed of subordinate lines of effort or composed of small operations projects and programs that, when combined, produce the desired effect or end state.

5-135. When lines of effort are established, CMSEs use the CA methodology to assess and detect civil vulnerabilities, as well as to decide and deliver on the appropriate action. MOEs and MOPs are established to determine if the prescribed action produces the desired effect and if the prescribed measures were appropriate to begin with.

Figure 5-16. Execution matrix

5-136. For example, if VEOs or other internal defense threats have identified a weak education system as a means by which they can propagate their ideology, the ministry with responsibility for schools and education must identify the vulnerability being exploited by VEOs. Operations, projects, and programs must then be established to counter VEO exploitation. CMSEs can support the HN effort through civil reconnaissance. Such a solution can mitigate VEO exploitation by building government schools where there are none, vetting teachers, establishing a universally accepted curriculum, and monitoring school performance. These measures must be carried out by HN IPI and monitored by NGOs. The CMSE and the country team must ensure efforts are synchronized to meet objectives that erode the active or tacit support for VEO ideologies. It is the HNs objective to have an educated populace to advance its societal economic and political development.

5-137. CMSEs use the CA methodology and all available planning techniques to synchronize the actions of the interagency and HN such that vulnerabilities are defined and appropriate activities are initiated to mitigate the vulnerability. A model using the CA methodology is depicted in Figure 5-17, page 5-39.

Figure 5-17. Civil Affairs methodology

T

5-138. This step is the direct contribution of CA to a sustainable solution and the commander’s ability to meet the desired end state. Planners execute the transition step according to synchronized transition plans.

The outcome of transition includes successful changeover of authority or relief-in-place and durable, sustainable programs that the follow-on force or organization can manage.