6. Quicacutiyez: read quitzacutiyez. -
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Chapter II: T h e Heavens and the Underworld
Jn ipan i Çan vey quiçaya in aquin motla- machtiaya mitouaya amo quicochcavaz çenca moçavaz mizoz yntla utlama mitouaya ic quizcaltiaya in tonalli ic patia.
Çe calli. [illus.] vme cuetzpalli. [illus.] yei couatl. [illus.]
At the tim e of this [day sign], he who was rich was successful, it was said, [when] he did not neglect things by sleeping, he prac ticed abstinence diligently, he drew blood from himself. If he played the rubber ball game,7 it was said that he thus nourished the day sign, that thus it improved.
One House Two Lizard Three Serpent
[fol. 287v]
navi m iquiztli. [illus.] m acuilli maçatl. [illus.] chicuaçen tochtli. [illus.] chicóme atl. [illus.] chicuey itzcuintli. [illus.] chicunavi vçomatli. [illus.] m atlactli m alinalli. [illus.] m atlactli ozçe acatl. [illus.] m atlactli omome vcelutl. [illus.] m atlactli vmey quauhtli. [illus.]
Four Death Five Deer Six Rabbit Seven Water Eight Dog Nine Monkey Ten Grass Eleven Reed Twelve Jaguar Thirteen Eagle [fol. 288r]
Jnin m atlactetl vmey tonalpovalli. £en ca no qualli in itoca. Ce cozcaquauhtli mitouaya veve tonalli in aquin vncan tlacatia pilli vevetiz. Auh fá no iuhqui in tlacpac omito yn intech povi pipilti yoá in macevalti mo- tlam achtiz. &c.
£ e cuzcaquauhtli. [illus.] vme calli. [illus.]
yei tecpatl. [illus.] navi quiauitl. [illus.] m acuilli xvchitl [illus.] chicuagen gipactli. [illus.] chicóme ecatl. [illus.] chicuey calli [illus.]
chicunavi cuetzpalli. [illus.]
This thirteen-day period was also very good. It was named One Vulture. It was said to be the day sign of the aged. The person who was born then who was a nobleman would have a long life. By the same token, as mentioned above, it was the lot of noblemen and commoners to be rich. Etc.
One Vulture Two House Three Flint Knife Four Rain
Five Flower
Six Crocodilian Monster Seven Wind
Eight House Nine Lizard
[fol. 288v]
m atlactli couatl [illus.] m atlactli oçe m iquiztli [illus.
Ten Serpent Eleven Death
Jnin m atlactetl omey tonalpovalli gan no amo qualli yn iuhqui tlacpac omito tequan- tonalli in aquin pilli ipan tlacatia ago yaumi- quiz anogo tetlaxim az monamacaz gá no iuhqui y magevalli tetlaxim az monamacaz. Can aca yn oncan vei quigaya: auh anogo ato- coz atlá vetziz auh intla pochtecatl mitoaya tlaatoctiz yehica ca iuhqui in tonalli in ipan otlacat amo quallj.
Qe atl [illus.]
vme itzcuintli [illus.] yei vgomatli. [illus.]
T his thirteen-day period was also adverse like the beastly day sign mentioned above [One House]. T h e person who was born in it who was a nobleman either would die in bat tle or com m it adultery [or] sell him self into bondage. Similarly, the commoner would com m it adultery [or] sell him self into bond age. Anyone who then was successful would perhaps be carried off by the water,- he would fall into the water. And if he was a merchant, it was said that he would cast his things into the water. It was because such was the na ture of the day sign in which he was born; it was adverse.
One Water Two Dog Three Monkey
[fol. 297r]
navi m alinalli. [illus.] m acuilli acatl. [illus.] chicuage vgelutl. [illus.] chicóme quauhtli. [illus.] chicuey cozcaquauhtli [illus.] chicunavi olli. [illus.]
m atlactli tecpatl. [illus.] m atlactli oge quiavitl. [illus.] m atlactli vmome xvchitl. [illus.]
[fol.
m atlactli omey gipactli.
Jnin m atlactetl omey tonalpovalli mitoaya amo qualli tonalli in aquin oncá tlacatia pilli iehoatl in quitoaya navalli amo tlacatl. Auh in macevalli iehoatl in quitoaya tlacateculutl tetlepanquega tetlatlacatecoluvia acan ichan atle quicuanj petlauhtinemi. (Ja no iuhquin im pilli m otolinitinem ia gan no iuhqui in gihoapilli m otolinia nyma ye no iuhqui im magevalli iehoatl mitoaya ca iuhqui itonal. ipan tlacat. Four Grass Five Reed Six Jaguar Seven Eagle Eight Vulture Nine Movement Ten Flint Knife Eleven Rain Twelve Flower
Thirteen Crocodilian M onster
This thirteen-day period was said to be [under] an adverse day sign. He who was born then who was a nobleman was what they called a sorcerer, an evil man. And a commoner was what they called a devilish one; he cast spells;8 he bedeviled people. His home was nowhere; he was one who had nothing to eat; he went about naked. Like wise a nobleman lived in misery; likew ise a noblewoman was miserable, just like a com moner. Of this it was said that so was his day sign in which he was born.
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Chapter II: The Heavens and the Underworld 164 One Wind Two House Three Lizard Four Serpent Five Death Six Deer [fol. 298r]
chicome tochtli. [illus.] Seven Rabbit
chicuey atl. [illus.] Eight Water
chicunavi itzcuintli. [illus.] Nine Dog
m atlactli vgomatli. [illus.] Ten Monkey
m atlactli oge m alinalli. [illus.] Eleven Grass
m atlactli omome acatl. [illus.] Twelve Reed
m atlactli omey vcelutl. [illus.] Thirteen Jaguar
Jnin m atlactetl omey tonalpoalli catca gan This thirteen-day period was sim ilarly an
no iuhqui amo qualli tonalli in aquin ipan adverse day sign. He who was born in it
tlacatia tetlaxim az anogo monamacaz yau- would com m it adultery, or he would sell
miquiz intla gihoatl ahavilnemiz atle vellaiz him self into bondage, [or] he would die in
gan no iuhqui y magehoalli monamacaz te- battle. If she was a woman, she would lead a
tlaximaz in iuhqui tlacpac omito. licentious life, she would do nothing well. By
the same token, a commoner would sell him self into bondage [or] com m it adultery, as mentioned above.
[fol. 298v]
One Eagle Two Vulture Three Movement Four Flint Knife Five Rain Six Flower
Seven Crocodilian M onster Eight Wind Nine House Ten Lizard [fol. 299r| Eleven Serpent Twelve Death Thirteen Deer
This thirteen-day period was said to be a good day sign. He who was born at that tim e was very diligent; he was rich; he was a tiller of the soil; there was a great deal for him to eat. In the same way, if a woman was born m atlactli oçe couatl. [illus.]
m atlactli omome miquiztli[illus.] m atlactli omey maçatl. [illus.]
Jnin m atlactetl omey tonalpoalli mote- neuaya qualli tonalli yn aquin oncan tlacatia. Çenca yiel catca motlamachtiaya çaca- mouani çenca vnca quicuani Çan no iuhqui intla çihoatl yn oncâ tlacatia çenca yiel tla- £ e quauhtli. [illus.]
vme cuzcaquauhtli. [illus.] yei olli. [illus.]
navi tecpatl. [illus,] m acuilli quiauitl. [illus.] chicuacé xvchitl. [illus.] chicome cipactli. [illus.] chicuey ecatl. [illus.] chicunavi calli. [illus.] m atlactli cuetzpalli. [illus.] £ e ecatl. [illus.]
vme calli. [illus.] yei cutzpalli. [illus.] navi couatl. [illus.]
m acuilli m iquiztli. [illus.] chicuage magatl. [illus.]
chia yoâ vncate ytlacava motlamachtia. quipia quachtli.
Çe tochtli. [illus.] vme atl. [illus.] yei itzcuintli. [illus.] navi vçomatli. [illus.]
maize, the beans, the amaranth, the chia that grew everywhere; and [where] her people were, they were rich; they had large mantles. One Rabbit
Two Water Three Dog Four Monkey
[fol. 299v]
m acuilli m alinalli. [illus.] chicuaçë acati, [illus.] chicome vcelutl. [illus.] chicuey quauhtli. [illus.]
chicunavi cuzcaquauhtli. [illus.] m atlactli olii, [illus.]
m atlactli oçe tecpatl. [illus.] m atlactli omome quiauitl. [illus.] m atlactli omey xuchitl. [illus.]
Five Grass Six Reed Seven Jaguar Eight Eagle Nine Vulture Ten Movement Eleven Flint Knife Twelve Rain Thirteen Flower
[fol. 300r]
Jnin m atlactetl omey tonalpoalli ÿ çeçemil- huitonalli yn çe çipactli mitoaya yectli tonalli. Jn aquin ipâ tlacatia pilli tlatoani mochiuaya yoâ motlamachtiaya. Çan no iuh- qui intla çihoatl ipâ tlacatia iuhquin tlatoani mochiuaya motlamachtiaya. Auh intla çan maçevalli ipâ tlacatia no motlamachtiaya. yoan mitoaya m açivin qualli ipan tonalli o- tlacat y. Çequintin çan quicochcauaya quit- latziuhcauaya ic m otolinia atle ÿtlatqui m o chiuaya, çâ m otolinitinem j.
Çe çipactli. [illus.] vme ecatl. [illus.] yei calli, [illus.] navi cuetzpalli. [illus.] m acuilli couatl [illus.] chicuaçen m iquiztli. [illus.] chicome maçatl. [illus.]
Each day sign [in] this thirteen-day period, One Crocodilian Monster, was said to be a good sign. He who was a nobleman who was born in it became a ruler and was rich. Sim ilarly, if a woman was born in it she became like a ruler; she was rich. And if just a com moner was born in [this sign], he also was rich. And it was also said that although they had been born9 under a good day sign, some neglected their tasks by sleeping, they ne glected their duties out of laziness,- hence they were miserable; nothing became their possessions,- they just lived in misery. One Crocodilian Monster
Two Wind Three House Four Lizard Five Serpent Six Death Seven Deer Paragraph 4
[fol. 300v] Chapter II: The Heavens and the Underworld 166
chicuey tochtli. [illus.] chicunavi atl. [illus.] matlactli itzcuintli [illus.] matlactli oge vgomatli. [illus.] matlactli omome malinalli. [illus.] matlactli omey acati, [illus.]
Jnin matlactetl omey tonalpoalli mitoaya amo qualli tecuantonalli. Yn aquin pilli ipà tlacatia yaumiquia yoà tetlaximaia motene- vaya teuhtli tlagolli quichihuaya. £ a no iuh qui intla gihoapilli tetlaximaya mitoaya iuh qui ipan tlacat. Auh intla gan magevalli no iuhqui ipá mochiuaya auh intlanel aca tiya- cauh muchiuaya vel monamacaya tlacotli mochiuaya iuh mitoaya ca iuhqui itonal. Auh ga vei quigaya in tiyacauh in amo mona macaya iehoatl in amo tlacochcauaya moga- vaya migoya. Eight Rabbit Nine Water Ten Dog Eleven Monkey Twelve Grass Thirteen Reed
This thirteen-day period was said to be ad verse; it was a beastly day sign. He who was a nobleman, who was born in it, died in battle and also committed adultery; it was said that he made filth, dirt. Similarly, if it was a noble woman, she committed adultery; it was said that thus it was at the time she was born. And if it was just a commoner, the same happened to him. And even though someone became a brave warrior, he sold himself into bondage, he became a slave. So it was said that such was his lot. And the brave warrior who was successful, who did not sell himself into bond age, did not neglect his duties because of sleep ing. He fasted, he drew blood from himself. [fol. 289r]
Qe vgelutl [illus.]
vme quauhtli. [illus.] yei cuzcaquauhtli [illus.] navi olli [illus.]
macuilli tecpatl [illus.] chicuagen quiauitl. [illus.] chicome xvchitl [illus.] chicuey gipactli. [illus.] chicunavi ecatl. [illus.] matlactli calli. [illus.]
One Jaguar Two Eagle Three Vulture Four Movement Five Flint Knife Six Rain Seven Flower
Eight Crocodilian Monster Nine Wind10
Ten House
matlactli oge cuetzpalli. [illus.] matlactli vmome couatl. [illus.] matlactli vmey miquiztli. [illus.]
[fol. 289v]
Eleven Lizard Twelve Serpent Thirteen Death
10. A Spanish/Nahuatl gloss beside Nine Wind reads: Setiembre xxv. de 1560 a°s.: fn axca cemilhuitl chiucnauj ecatl/ypa miercoles cepoali ómacuillia ypá Setie de 1560 a°s.— "Today, Nine Wind, is on the 25th of September, 1560." This statement clearly indicates that at least this portion of the Primeros Memoriales was composed during the period of Sahagún's Tepepolco residence, 1559-1561. The assignment of September 25, 1560, to the tonalpohualli day 9 Ehe- catl does not agree with the currently most favored correlation of the contact-period Central Mexican calendar with the European calendar, the Caso correlation (Caso 1939).
Jn aquin ipä tlacatia pilli tlatoani mochiuaya yoä motlamachtiaya çan no iuhqui intla çihoapilli ipä tlacatia no iuhquin tlatoanj mochivaya motlamachtiaya. Auh intla maçe- valli ipä tlacatia no motlamachtiani mochi uaya mocuiltonoanj. mochiuaya. yehica ca iuhqui ipä tlacat.
Çe maçatl. [illus.] vme tochtli [illus.] yei atl. [illus.] navi itzcuintli [illus.]
[fol. macuilli vçomatli. [illus.]
chicuaçe malinalli. [illus.] chicome acati, [illus.] chicuey vcelotl [illus.] chicunavi quauhtli [illus.] matlactli cuzcaquauhtli. [illus.] matlactli oçe olii, [illus.]
matlactli vmome tecpatl. [illus.] matlactli vmey quiauitl. [illus.]
He who was born in it who was a nobleman became a ruler and was rich. It was the same if a noblewoman was born in it. She also be came like a ruler [and] she was rich. And if a commoner was born in it, he also became a rich man, he became a wealthy man, because such [was the day sign] in which he was born. One Deer Two Rabbit Three Water Four Dog Five Monkey Six Grass Seven Reed Eight Jaguar Nine Eagle Ten Vulture Eleven Movement Twelve Flint Knife Thirteen Rain [fol. 290v]
Jnin tonalpoali matlactetl omey motenevaya. Ce xvchitl amo qualli yoä mitoaya achi qualli yn aquin ipä tlacatia pilli cuicani mochiuaya papaquini. Auh in aquin pilli ipä mimatia in icuac cuica pactinemi. Auh in aquin amo ipä mimatia in atle ipä quitaya quitlaveliaya in tonalli aço teucocoliztli itech motlaliaya aço ixpopoiutia anoço quex- ilivia çâ no iuh ipä mochiuaya intla ma- cevalli no cuicani mochiuaya. Auh intla çihoapilli ipä tlacatia vey tlamachiuhqui mochiuaya auh intlacatle ipä quitta no iuhqui ipä mochiuaya quitlaveliaya in tonalli Çan no iuhqui ipä mochiuaya in iuhqui tlac- pac omopouh yn izquitlamätli coculiztli yoä aviani mochiuaya iuh mitoaya ca iuhqui itonal ipä tlacat.
This thirteen-day period was called One Flower. It was an adverse [day sign], but it was said to be somewhat good. He who was born in it who was a nobleman became a singer; he was happy. And he who was a nobleman, who was devoted to [his day sign], lived happily when he sang. But for him who was not devoted to it, who m is prized it, the day sign was angry with him. Either leprosy settled on him, or he went blind, or the groin was disordered. The same happened to one if he was a commoner; he also became a singer. And if a noblewoman was born in [this sign], she became a great embroiderer, but if she disdained it, the same would befall her. The day sign was angry with her. The same befell her as is re counted above. [She would be stricken by] all kinds of maladies, and she would become a pleasure girl. So was it said. Such was the day sign in which she was born.
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Chapter II: The Heavens and the Underworld
168
Çe xvchitl. [illus.] vme çipactli. [illus.] yei ecatl. [illus.] navi calli, [illus.]
macuilli cuetzpalli. [illus.] chicuaçë couatl. [illus.] chicome miquiztli [illus.]
One Flower
Two Crocodilian Monster Three Wind Four House Five Lizard Six Serpent Seven Death [fol. 29 lr]
chicuey maçatl. [illus.] chicunavi tochtli. [illus.] matlactli atl. [illus.]
matlactli oçe itzcuintlj. [illus.] matlactli vmome vçomatli. [illus.] matlactli omey malinalli. [illus.]
Jnin tonalpoualli matlactetl omey mitoaya qualli tonalli yn aquin pilli ipâ tlacatia tla toani mochiuaya yoâ mocuiltonouaya çan no iuhqui intla çihoatl ipâ tlacatia no iuhquin tlatoani mochiuaya no mocuiltonouaya. Auh intla ça maçevalli ipâ tlacatia no mocuilto nouaya motlamachtiaya motenevaya qualli tonalli in ipâ tlacat iuhqui itonal.
Eight Deer Nine Rabbit Ten Water Eleven Dog Twelve Monkey Thirteen Grass
This thirteen-day period was said to be of a good day sign. He who was a nobleman born in it became a ruler and became rich. Similarly, if a [noble]woman was born in it, she also became like a ruler; she also was rich. And if he was only a commoner who was born in it, he also became rich, he be came wealthy. It was said that he was born in a good day sign,- it was the nature of his sign. [fol. 29 lv]
Çe acati, [illus.] vme vçelotl. [illus.] yei quauhtli. [illus.] navi cuzcaquauhtli. [illus.] macuilli, olii, [illus.] chicuaçen tecpatl. [illus.] chicome quiavitl. [illus.] chicuey xvchitl. [illus.] chicunavi çipactli. [illus.] matlactli, ecatl. [illus.]
One Reed Two Jaguar Three Eagle Four Vulture Five Movement Six Flint Knife Seven Rain Eight Flower
Nine Crocodilian Monster Ten Wind
[fol. 292r] matlactli oçe calli. [illus.]
matlactli omome cuetzpalli. [illus.] matlactli vmey couatl. [illus.]
Jnin tonalpoalli ÿ mitoaya Çe miquiztli amo qualli yoâ mitouaya achi qualli in aquin ipâ tlacatia pilli ipâ mimatia tlamacevaya quimacaçia in tonalli. Yn aquin ipâ mimatia hy. motlamachtiaya tecutia: auh intlacamo
Eleven House Twelve Lizard Thirteen Serpent
This day count was called One Death. It was adverse; and it was [also] said that it was somewhat good. He who was a nobleman born at this time revered, propitiated, vener ated the day sign. He who revered it became
glected [his duties] by sleeping, he did not become rich but misery befell him, or lep rosy, or he became blind. It was the same if he was a commoner. All kinds of maladies also befell him. Only if he turned out well, it did not thus befall him.
One Death Two Deer Three Rabbit Four Water [fol. 292v] Five Dog Six Monkey Seven Grass Eight Reed Nine jaguar Ten Eagle Eleven Vulture Twelve Movement Thirteen Flint Knife [fol. 293r]
Jnin tonalpoalli matlactetl omey in mo- tenevaya £ e quiaujtl amo qualli tonalli in aquin ipan tlacatia pilli navalli mochiuaya gan tlaveliloc. Auh in macevalli ipan tlacatia tlacateculotl mochiuaya tetlatlanonochilia iuh mitoaya amo qualli in itequiuh. Can no iuhqui intla cihoapilli no iuhqui itequiuh mochiuaya genca motoliniaya acan incha im- manel pilli anogo giuapilli moch iuhqui impa mochiuaya mitoaya ca iuhqui itonal in ipa tlacat.
— (Je quiauitl. — [illus.] — vme xvchitl. — [illus.] —. yei gipactli. — [illus.] —. navi ecatl. — [illus.] —. macuilli calli. — [illus.] —. chicuage cuetzpalli — [illus.] — . chicome couatl. — [illus.]
This thirteen-day period was called One Rain. It was not a good day sign. He who was born in it who was a nobleman became a sor cerer; he was a wicked man. And the com moner born in it became a devilish one; he was a magician. Thus was it said: His work was evil. Similarly, if she was a noblewoman, her work was the same. She was very miser able. She was homeless. Even though he was a nobleman or she a noblewoman, all this be fell them. It was said that such was the day sign at the time that one was born.
One Rain Two Flower
Three Crocodilian Monster Four Wind
Five House
Six Lizard Paragraph
Seven Serpent 4
macuilli itzcuintli. [illus.] chicuage vgomatli. [illus.] chicome malinalli. [illus.] chicuey acati, [illus.] chicunavi vcelotl. [illus.] matlactli quauhtli. [illus.]
matlactli oge cuzcaquauhtli. [illus.] matlactli omome olii, [illus.] matlactli vmey tecpatl. [illus.]
iliztli ipà mochiuaya ago teucocoliztli anogo ixpopoiutia. Qan no iuhqui intla magevalli gà no iuh ipà mochiuaya in izquitlamantli cocoliztli ga vey quigaya yn amo iuhqui ipà mochiuaya.
£ e miquiztli [illus.] vme magati [illus.] yei tochtli. [illus.] navi atl [illus.]
[fol. 293v] Chapter II: The Heavens and the Underworld 170
chicuey miquiztli. [illus.] chicunavi maçatl. [illus.] matlactli tochtli [illus.] matlactli oçe atl. [illus.]
matlactli omome itzcuintli. [illus.] matlactli vmey vçomatli. [illus.]
Jnin tonalpoalli matlactetl omey in mote- nehuaya Çe malinalli mitoaya tequantonalli amo quali in aquin ipan tlacatia im pilli iuh mitoaya amo qualli itequiuh yez aço navalli mochiuaz. Auh intla maçevalli ipan tlacatia mitoaya tlacateculotl muchiuaya. Çan no iuhqui intla çihoapilli ipá tlacatia amono qualli itequiuh catca: yn ipâ tlacatia. y. intla pilli anoço çihuapilli anoço maçevalli çenca motoliniaya acan inchâ atle quicuaya ic m i toaya ca iuhqui ipan tlacat, iuhqui ytonal,
Eight Death Nine Deer Ten Rabbit Eleven Water Twelve Dog Thirteen Monkey
This thirteen-day period was called One Grass. It was said to be a beastly day sign, ad verse. As to a person then born who was a nobleman, so was it said, his work would be evil; perhaps he would become a sorcerer. And if a commoner was born then, it was said that he became a devilish one. Similarly, if a noblewoman was then born, her work was also evil. If a nobleman or a noblewoman or a commoner was then born, he was very miserable; he had no home; he had nothing to eat. For it was said that thus was he born, thus was his day sign.
[fol. 294r] Qe malinalli. [illus.]
vme acati, [illus.] yei vgelotl. [illus.] navi quauhtli. [illus.]
macuilli cuzcaquauhtli. [illus.] chicuagen olii, [illus.]
chicome tecpatl [illus.] chicuey quiauitl. [illus.] chicunavi xuchitl. [illus.]
One Grass Two Reed Three Jaguar Four Eagle Five Vulture Six Movement Seven Flint Knife Eight Rain Nine Flower [fol. 294v]
matlactli çipactli. [illus.] matlactli oçe ecatl. [illus.] matlactli vmome calli. [illus.] matlactli vmey cuetzpalli. [illus.]
Jnin tonalli mitoaya Çe couatl yectli tonalli in aquin pilli ipâ tlacatia tlatoani muchivaya mocuiltonoani catca çan no iuh qui intla çihuapilli ipâ tlacatia mocuilto noani catca miec quipiaya in tonacaiotl. Çan no iuhqui intla maçevalli ipâ tlacatia no mocuiltonoani muchivaya. Auh maçivi in qualli tonalli ipâ tlacatia Çequintin çan qui- tlatziuhcavaya quicochcavaya motoliniaya
Ten Crocodilian Monster Eleven Wind
Twelve House Thirteen Lizard
This day sign was called One Serpent. It was a good day sign. He who was born at that