Dosis y Compuestos cannabinoides empleados

3.0 METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the description of the study area and describes the research design. The otl1er components o·f tl1e methodology include the study population, sample size and sampling technique, methods and instruments for data collection, validity and reliability, data collection process, data manage1nent and analysis, ethical consideration

and li1nitations of the study.

3.1. Study Design

Tl ₁ e study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional design involving the use of

qualitative and quantitative 1nethods to obtain information on the sanitary conditions of food establisl ₁ n1ents and factors influencing their patronage in an inner-core area of Ibadan.

3.2. Descriptio11 of Study Area

Ibadan is the capital city of Oyo State, Nigeria. It was founded in the early _19th centt1ry by fleeing refugees from the old Oyo Empire, following Fulani invasion of Yoruba land (Mabogunje, _1968). Ibadan is designated as largest city _in the West Africa

and the most populous in Black Africa. It is mainly inhabited by the _Oyo -a _Yoruba sub­

group with an estimated population of 1,829, 187 (Information Division, Ibadan No11h­

West Local Government Area). Ibadan North West Local Government Area, the study area, is one of the five (5) that were carved out of the former Ibadan Municipal Government (IMO) in ₁₉₉₁ by the then Federal Military Government.

Ibadan North-West Local Government is the s1nallest of the eleven ( ₁₁₎ local

government areas (LGAs) within the Ibadan region. It is bounded in the West by ^Jdo LGA in the North by _' ^Akinyele LGA, in tl1e South and East by Ibadan North and _Jdo LGAs respectively. Within the Local Government Area are ^Eleyele Water Works, Arn1y Barracks, Police I-Ieadquarter, and a Golf Course. The local gover111nent has both social and physical infrastructural facilities that include roads, water supply, health centers-and

housing.

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National Population Commission census of 1996 put the total population of Ibadan North-West LGA at 171,793, accounting for 8o/o of the Ibadan metropolis. This

comprised of 86,938 (50.6o/o) females, of which 37,794 were in the reproductive age group; and 84,854 (49.4o/o) males. Cl1ildren less than one year are 6,872, and under-fives

were 3 7, 794.(EPI/NID 2005)

Three types of housing are identifiable within the Local Government Area. They are the highly, n1oderately and low (Government Reservation Areas) dense areas. The high density areas with poor quality housing are found around Mokola, Ekotedo, Ayeye,

Idikan, Nalende and _{Oke 0/oro} areas. The housing in tl1e moderate density area is of fair quality, as found in Adan1asingba and part of _Sabo areas. The low-density areas with

high-quality housing are fo11nd in tl1e Government Reservation Areas (GRA) of Onireke, ldi-Ishin and Jericho.

Residential Land use in Ibadan North-West LGA can be grouped into two. These are high and low density areas. A high density area is a densely populated residential area with as 1nany as fotlr or more dwelling units per plot of 620m ² _• These areas include Ekotedo, Ijokodo, Mokola, Adar1zasingba, Agbeni, ldikan, Oke-Parde, Eleyele, Aron1eta

and _D i ,gbe. The low density area con1prises of sparsely populated neighbourhood with as low as one dwelling unit per plot of la11d. Such areas include Jericho, _ldi-lshin and Onireke GRA. The former core areas and newly developed parts of the LGA that are not

planned are otl1erwise known as low service areas, whereas the latter is well planned with infrastructural facilities and services.

Generally, the LGA can be divided into three zones, based on their location and indListrial develop1nent. These are Traditional, Inner-Core, Transitional area and Sub­

Urban periphery (Town Planning Depart:1ne11t, Ibadan NWLGA, ₁₉₉₅₎

The Traditional inner-core: This comprises of tl1e oldest indigenous area of Ibadan

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where most indigene-inhabitants live in compounds made t1p of irregularly built houses, inadequate drainage systems indicative of lack of systematic town planning. The area is

densely populated and most of the inhabitants are civil servants, peasant farmers, traders, etc. Also this area is usually or mostly inl1abited by indigenes and low socio-econo1nic class residents. The localities include Di,gbe, Onireke. Ekotedo. Ayeye, Sabo, Orita­

merin, 0/opo-mewa, Jnalende, Ogi111pa, Agbeni, Oke Are, ldikan, Abebi, among others.

Tlle Transitional Area: This is a mixture of inner-core and sub-urban peripher)' areas. It has changed from the traditional conditions and concepts of living to a modern way of living. The areas are fairly well- planned with fairly tolerable drainage system. It

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consists of such places like ldi-lshin, Sabo, ljokodo, Agbaje, Di,gbe-Onireke, Ogunpa, Aro-meta, Adelokun, Eleye/e, etc. These areas are inhabited mainly by non-indigenes and

by both low and high socio-economic status residents.

The Sub-Urban Periphery Area: This is a properly planned area, characterized by good roads, well laid pipe-borne water, spaced and well-built houses approved by Town Planni11g Division. Tl1e environment is relatively clean and quiet, usually inhabited by highly placed, educated white-collar job citizens, high level professionals and wealthy individuals (Adeniyi and Brieger, l 982). The areas include Jdi-lshin, Jericho, NII-IORT

and Olopo-me1-va.

The residents of the study area relied on three sources of water supply namely:

tap, deep well, and boreholes. Water Corporation of Oyo State (WCOS) provides potable water supply for the residents of such areas relied on the _Asejire Water Dam for their water supply. Provision of water to residents by the WCOS has been unreliable; l1ence people depend on water from deep wells. More than ₆₇ ^° _/o of tl1e total residence have deep wells.

There are numerous public eating places which are spread across the LGA.

Howeve1·, the locations of these establishn1ents determine the size, structure, type of service provided, facilities available and their patronage. For example, big eateries with concrete structures such as hotels and restat1rants are spread all over the peripheral and transitional areas and are mostly patronized by middle and upper class individuals. Most of these outlets are equipped with facilities for tl1e comfort of their clients including generators as alternative power supply in case of power failu1·e, fans and air-conditioners

etc.

However, a common feature of the inner-core areas are small eating establishments, mostly wooden structures, that are mostly patronized by the inhabitants and those who work within the areas. Most of these outlets are part of buildings wl1ile very few can be found standing alone. Due to their small size, the establishments in the inner-core areas lack so many facilities and depend a lot on the governn1ent for the food establishments must be registered with the local and state govern1nents before they can

start operation.

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3.3. Study Variables

The indepei1dent variables included characteristics of food establishments such as type of structure; location and type of food service provided; and socio-demographic

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characteristics of the respondents such as their age, sex, marital status, family living status, occupation, highest educational back ground, religion, ethnic back ground,

distance of place of work and house from facility and estimated monthly income.

Tl1e dependent variables of interest in this study were grouped under food establishments (the environmental sanitation o·f the premises, available sanitary facilities and the food handlers hygiene practices including personal hygiene practices) and consumers (knowledge of food borne diseases, their concerns about food hygiene in eating places, experie11ces relating to food/water-borne diseases, consumers' perception of quality of

services provided at food establisl1ments).

3.4. Target Populatio11

The target population comprised operators, handlers and consumers of food establisl1ments in selected communities in Ibadan Northwest ^LGA.

3.5. Sample Size Calculation and Sampling procedure Sample Size Calculatio11

Sample size was calculated using the san1ple size equation n = (Za+Z2�) ² pq

wl1ere n= minimum sample size d2

a = level of significance ⁼ 5%

2 a =Standard Normal deviation ⁼ l .96 Prevalence =50 o/o = 0.5

p= ^{1- q} = ^0.5

d = absolute deviation = ^6o/o

when a=So/ ^o and =20o/o, power=SOo/o (Z ^a. + Z2�) ² =7 .8

n = ^(7.8) x O.S;x 0.5 ' (0.06) ²

=1.95 0.0036

=541

edl·ctio ¹¹ of 10% non- response rate was included. Therefore, the

However, a ^pr

calculated sample size was::::: 600

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In document Efecto del agonista cannabinoide WIN 212-2 en ratas de las cepas lewis y fischer 344, en un modelo de Cpp. (página 40-68)