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El compromiso ético en el ámbito internacional

LA ÉTICA PÚBLICA APLICADA A LOS GOBIERNOS

3.1 El compromiso ético en el ámbito internacional

Table A1: Descriptive Statistics by Gender

MALES FEMALES

mean s.d. mean s.d.

public transport accessibility (pta) 3.182 1.116 3.222 1.130

cars = 0 0.180 0.384 0.198 0.399

cars = 1 0.534 0.499 0.533 0.499

cars ≥ 2 0.285 0.452 0.269 0.443

employed 0.889 0.314 0.586 0.492

job-education mismatch (years) -0.070 3.104 0.095 3.026

overeducation (schooling > occupation-average + s.d.) 0.162 0.368 0.167 0.373

age 38.31 11.93 40.33 11.98

no education 0.062 0.242 0.087 0.281

primary education 0.179 0.383 0.195 0.396

lower secondary education 0.311 0.463 0.301 0.459

upper secondary education 0.129 0.336 0.121 0.326

vocational education - low grade 0.080 0.272 0.069 0.253

vocational education - high grade 0.082 0.275 0.063 0.242

tertiary education 0.156 0.363 0.165 0.372

field of tertiary education = social sciences 0.058 0.234 0.082 0.274

field of tertiary education = humanities 0.014 0.119 0.025 0.155

field of tertiary education = health studies 0.015 0.120 0.034 0.181

field of tertiary education = hard science 0.016 0.126 0.013 0.115

field of tertiary education = technical studies 0.052 0.223 0.011 0.106

born in Spain 0.944 0.230 0.954 0.210

born in EU15 countries 0.008 0.091 0.007 0.086

born in Africa 0.020 0.140 0.010 0.098

born in America 0.018 0.132 0.023 0.151

born in other countries 0.010 0.099 0.006 0.079

marital status = single 0.388 0.487 0.264 0.441

marital status = married 0.560 0.496 0.650 0.477

marital status = others 0.053 0.224 0.086 0.280

local unemployment rate 0.111 0.035 0.110 0.034

resident in Barcelona 0.305 0.460 0.326 0.469

# children aged 0-4 0.142 0.405 0.155 0.421

# children aged 5-9 0.133 0.386 0.147 0.403

# children aged 10-15 0.177 0.440 0.194 0.460

# children aged 16-19 0.209 0.471 0.210 0.468

number of adults in the household 2.706 1.199 2.630 1.149

car park in the house building 0.170 0.376 0.177 0.382

usable housing space (in m2/100) 84.85 35.81 86.56 37.81

40 Table A2a: Variables Correlation Matrix by Gender, Males

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

1 job-education mismatch* 1.00

2 employment -- 1.00

3 cars 0.06 0.11 1.00

4 public transport accessibility 0.06 -0.03 -0.27 1.00

5 age -0.23 0.06 0.01 0.07 1.00

6 no education -0.49 -0.04 -0.08 -0.03 0.17 1.00 7 primary education -0.31 -0.04 -0.06 -0.08 0.11 -0.12 1.00 8 lower secondary education -0.15 -0.02 -0.01 -0.08 -0.07 -0.17 -0.31 1.00 9 upper secondary education -0.03 0.01 0.00 0.06 -0.03 -0.10 -0.18 -0.26 1.00 10 vocational education - low grade 0.27 0.01 0.03 -0.02 -0.10 -0.08 -0.14 -0.20 -0.11 1.00 11 vocational education - high grade 0.36 0.03 0.05 0.02 -0.09 -0.08 -0.14 -0.20 -0.12 -0.09 1.00 12 tertiary education 0.38 0.05 0.07 0.15 0.03 -0.11 -0.20 -0.29 -0.17 -0.13 -0.13 1.00 13 field of tertiary education = social sciences 0.25 0.03 0.04 0.09 0.00 -0.06 -0.12 -0.17 -0.10 -0.07 -0.07 0.58 1.00 14 field of tertiary education = humanities 0.13 0.00 -0.02 0.05 0.01 -0.03 -0.06 -0.08 -0.05 -0.04 -0.04 0.28 -0.03 1.00 15 field of tertiary education = health studies 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.04 -0.03 -0.06 -0.08 -0.05 -0.04 -0.04 0.28 -0.03 -0.01 1.00 16 field of tertiary education = hard science 0.14 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.01 -0.03 -0.06 -0.09 -0.05 -0.04 -0.04 0.30 -0.03 -0.02 -0.02 1.00 17 field of tertiary education = technical studies 0.18 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.02 -0.06 -0.11 -0.16 -0.09 -0.07 -0.07 0.55 -0.06 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 1.00 18 born in Spain 0.02 0.06 0.20 -0.06 0.09 -0.13 0.00 0.05 -0.03 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.00 -0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 19 born in EU15 countries 0.04 -0.01 -0.03 0.02 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 -0.04 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.08 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.04 20 born in Africa -0.09 -0.04 -0.09 -0.04 -0.06 0.18 0.03 -0.03 -0.02 -0.03 -0.04 -0.05 -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 21 born in America 0.04 -0.03 -0.14 0.07 -0.06 0.00 -0.02 -0.01 0.06 -0.02 -0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.01 22 born in other countries 0.00 -0.02 -0.11 0.08 -0.04 0.04 0.00 -0.01 0.01 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 -0.01 0.00 23 marital status = single 0.12 -0.13 -0.10 0.04 -0.61 -0.07 -0.05 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.05 -0.01 0.00 0.03 -0.03 0.00 -0.01 24 marital status = married -0.12 0.14 0.12 -0.05 0.54 0.07 0.05 -0.02 -0.02 -0.03 -0.04 0.01 0.00 -0.03 0.02 0.00 0.01 25 marital status = others -0.01 -0.04 -0.07 0.01 0.12 0.00 0.01 -0.01 0.02 -0.01 -0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 26 local unemployment rate -0.07 -0.12 -0.17 0.10 -0.05 0.07 0.10 0.07 -0.06 0.00 -0.04 -0.15 -0.09 -0.04 -0.06 -0.05 -0.08 27 resident in Barcelona 0.08 -0.02 -0.22 0.77 0.07 -0.05 -0.09 -0.09 0.08 -0.02 0.02 0.18 0.11 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.08 28 # children aged 0-4 0.05 0.04 0.02 -0.03 -0.09 -0.03 -0.05 -0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 29 # children aged 5-9 0.03 0.05 0.02 -0.03 0.00 -0.03 -0.03 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.01 30 # children aged 10-15 -0.03 0.03 0.04 -0.05 0.07 -0.01 0.03 0.03 0.00 -0.02 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 -0.02 0.02 0.00 -0.02 31 # children aged 16-19 -0.06 -0.02 0.06 -0.04 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.06 -0.03 -0.02 -0.04 -0.05 -0.03 -0.03 0.00 -0.02 -0.03 32 number of adults in the household -0.04 -0.05 0.11 0.01 -0.06 0.07 0.03 0.01 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 -0.05 -0.04 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.01 33 car park in the house building 0.04 0.03 0.18 -0.23 0.03 -0.04 -0.04 -0.03 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.07 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.04 34 usable housing space (in m2/100) 0.07 0.05 0.26 -0.22 0.06 -0.07 -0.08 -0.07 0.04 -0.02 0.01 0.20 0.12 0.04 0.07 0.06 0.11 Note: * The correlation between job-education mismatch and other variables has been computed for the subsample of employed individuals.

41 Table A2a: Variables Correlation Matrix by Gender, Males (continued)

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

18 born in Spain 1.00

19 born in EU15 countries -0.38 1.00

20 born in Africa -0.58 -0.01 1.00

21 born in America -0.55 -0.01 -0.02 1.00 22 born in other countries -0.41 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 1.00 23 marital status = single -0.03 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 1.00 24 marital status = married 0.03 -0.02 -0.01 -0.03 -0.01 -0.90 1.00 25 marital status = others 0.01 0.01 -0.02 0.01 -0.01 -0.19 -0.27 1.00 26 local unemployment rate -0.05 -0.02 0.05 0.02 0.06 0.07 -0.07 0.01 1.00 27 resident in Barcelona -0.05 0.03 -0.05 0.06 0.07 0.04 -0.05 0.02 0.00 1.00 28 # children aged 0-4 -0.04 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.00 -0.20 0.22 -0.04 -0.02 -0.02 1.00 29 # children aged 5-9 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -0.21 0.22 -0.04 -0.02 -0.02 0.12 1.00 30 # children aged 10-15 0.03 -0.02 -0.01 -0.02 -0.01 -0.18 0.20 -0.05 -0.01 -0.04 -0.04 0.12 1.00 31 # children aged 16-19 0.06 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.02 -0.03 0.06 -0.05 0.01 -0.04 -0.11 -0.03 0.28 1.00 32 number of adults in the household -0.18 -0.04 0.13 0.10 0.13 0.20 -0.14 -0.12 0.04 -0.01 -0.17 -0.16 -0.17 -0.08 1.00 33 car park in the house building 0.06 0.01 -0.05 -0.03 -0.04 -0.06 0.06 -0.01 -0.21 -0.12 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 -0.02 1.00 34 usable housing space (in m2/100) 0.08 0.01 -0.06 -0.05 -0.05 -0.07 0.08 -0.03 -0.24 -0.11 0.02 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.30 1.00 Note: * The correlation between job-education mismatch and other variables has been computed for the subsample of employed individuals

42 Table A2b: Variables Correlation Matrix by Gender, Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

1 job-education mismatch* 1.00

2 employment -- 1.00

3 cars 0.04 0.05 1.00

4 Public transport accessibility 0.05 0.02 -0.31 1.00

5 age -0.25 0.01 -0.03 0.12 1.00

6 no education -0.44 -0.04 -0.06 -0.03 0.19 1.00 7 primary education -0.29 -0.05 -0.06 -0.06 0.18 -0.09 1.00 8 lower secondary education -0.25 -0.06 -0.01 -0.07 0.01 -0.14 -0.26 1.00 9 upper secondary education -0.07 0.03 0.00 0.04 -0.06 -0.09 -0.16 -0.26 1.00 10 vocational education - low grade 0.19 -0.01 0.02 -0.03 -0.09 -0.07 -0.12 -0.19 -0.12 1.00 11 vocational education - high grade 0.30 0.02 0.03 -0.01 -0.16 -0.07 -0.12 -0.19 -0.12 -0.09 1.00 12 tertiary education 0.45 0.10 0.07 0.13 -0.04 -0.12 -0.21 -0.34 -0.21 -0.16 -0.16 1.00 13 field of tertiary education = social sciences 0.32 0.06 0.05 0.08 -0.05 -0.08 -0.14 -0.22 -0.14 -0.10 -0.10 0.66 1.00 14 field of tertiary education = humanities 0.18 0.03 0.00 0.07 0.01 -0.04 -0.07 -0.12 -0.07 -0.05 -0.05 0.35 -0.06 1.00 15 field of tertiary education = health studies 0.10 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.02 -0.05 -0.09 -0.14 -0.09 -0.06 -0.06 0.41 -0.08 -0.04 1.00 16 field of tertiary education = hard science 0.13 0.03 0.03 0.02 -0.02 -0.03 -0.06 -0.09 -0.06 -0.04 -0.04 0.26 -0.05 -0.03 -0.03 1.00 17 field of tertiary education = technical studies 0.11 0.02 0.02 0.03 -0.04 -0.03 -0.05 -0.08 -0.05 -0.04 -0.04 0.23 -0.04 -0.02 -0.03 -0.02 1.00 18 born in Spain -0.05 0.01 0.18 -0.08 0.07 -0.05 0.00 0.03 -0.05 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.02 0.00 -0.03 19 born in EU15 countries 0.04 -0.01 -0.02 0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 0.01 -0.01 0.01 0.06 0.04 0.06 -0.01 0.01 0.02 20 born in Africa -0.04 -0.02 -0.06 -0.01 -0.05 0.10 0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 21 born in America 0.06 0.00 -0.16 0.09 -0.04 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.06 -0.03 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.02 22 born in other countries 0.01 0.00 -0.07 0.04 -0.03 0.02 0.01 -0.01 0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.01 23 marital status = single 0.14 0.00 -0.12 0.06 -0.51 -0.09 -0.09 -0.04 0.03 0.02 0.09 0.07 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.04 24 marital status = married -0.09 -0.01 0.22 -0.08 0.34 0.06 0.05 0.03 -0.03 -0.01 -0.06 -0.03 -0.02 -0.02 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 25 marital status = others -0.08 0.02 -0.17 0.03 0.23 0.04 0.06 0.02 0.00 -0.01 -0.05 -0.06 -0.04 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.02 26 local unemployment rate -0.06 -0.10 -0.16 0.10 -0.06 0.07 0.09 0.06 -0.04 0.01 -0.02 -0.15 -0.09 -0.04 -0.07 -0.04 -0.03 27 resident in Barcelona 0.06 0.02 -0.26 0.79 0.13 -0.03 -0.07 -0.08 0.05 -0.03 -0.01 0.15 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.03 0.03 28 # children aged 0-4 0.07 -0.04 0.07 -0.04 -0.14 -0.05 -0.07 -0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 29 # children aged 5-9 0.02 -0.02 0.05 -0.04 -0.02 -0.03 -0.03 0.00 0.02 0.02 -0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 -0.01 30 # children aged 10-15 -0.06 -0.01 0.03 -0.05 0.07 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.00 0.01 -0.05 -0.05 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 31 # children aged 16-19 -0.10 -0.02 0.05 -0.04 0.03 0.02 0.07 0.08 -0.03 -0.02 -0.06 -0.08 -0.07 -0.03 -0.01 -0.03 -0.02 32 number of adults in the household 0.00 -0.02 0.13 0.01 -0.08 0.04 0.03 0.01 -0.03 -0.01 0.02 -0.04 -0.02 -0.03 -0.02 0.00 0.01 33 car park in the house building 0.02 0.02 0.19 -0.24 0.02 -0.04 -0.04 -0.02 0.02 -0.01 0.01 0.06 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.01 34 usable housing space (in m2/100) 0.04 0.04 0.28 -0.20 0.07 -0.06 -0.07 -0.06 0.02 -0.02 -0.02 0.16 0.10 0.06 0.08 0.04 0.03 Note: * The correlation between job-education mismatch and other variables has been computed for the subsample of employed individuals

43 Table A2b: Variables Correlation Matrix by Gender, Females (continued)

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

18 born in Spain 1.00

19 born in EU15 countries -0.39 1.00

20 born in Africa -0.39 -0.01 1.00

21 born in America -0.73 -0.01 -0.01 1.00 22 born in other countries -0.36 0.02 -0.01 -0.01 1.00 23 marital status = single -0.05 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.00 1.00 24 marital status = married 0.05 -0.02 -0.01 -0.05 0.00 -0.81 1.00 25 marital status = others 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 -0.26 -0.37 1.00 26 local unemployment rate -0.04 -0.02 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.07 -0.07 0.01 1.00 27 resident in Barcelona -0.07 0.03 -0.02 0.07 0.04 0.04 -0.06 0.03 0.01 1.00 28 # children aged 0-4 0.00 0.00 0.03 -0.02 0.00 -0.19 0.22 -0.06 -0.03 -0.03 1.00 29 # children aged 5-9 0.02 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -0.20 0.20 -0.01 -0.03 -0.02 0.10 1.00 30 # children aged 10-15 0.02 -0.01 0.01 -0.03 -0.01 -0.18 0.15 0.03 0.00 -0.04 -0.07 0.09 1.00 31 # children aged 16-19 0.04 -0.02 0.01 -0.04 -0.01 -0.06 0.05 0.02 0.02 -0.05 -0.13 -0.04 0.27 1.00 32 number of adults in the household -0.15 -0.02 0.07 0.13 0.08 0.23 -0.12 -0.16 0.03 -0.01 -0.16 -0.16 -0.18 -0.07 1.00 33 car park in the house building 0.05 0.01 -0.03 -0.04 -0.02 -0.07 0.08 -0.03 -0.21 -0.14 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.02 -0.01 1.00 34 usable housing space (in m2/100) 0.06 0.02 -0.04 -0.05 -0.03 -0.07 0.10 -0.05 -0.24 -0.11 0.03 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.30 1.00 Note: * The correlation between job-education mismatch and other variables has been computed for the subsample of employed individuals

44 Table A3: Average Elasticity of Public Transport Accessibility and Car Ownership (Independent Equations)

OUTCOME %Δ[years of

overeducation] %ΔPr[employed] %ΔPr[cars = 0] %ΔPr[cars = 1] %ΔPr[cars ≥ 2]

MALES

%Δ(public transport accessibility) -0.057 0.002 0.908 0.035 -0.838

Δ 0 to 1 car -0.026 0.067

Δ 1 to 2 cars -0.018 0.016

FEMALES

%Δ(public transport accessibility) -0.047 0.059 0.978 0.000 -0.977

Δ 0 to 1 car -0.047 0.024

Δ 1 to 2 cars -0.027 0.079

Note: the marginal effect of public transport accessibility is computed as the changes in predicted outcomes after a 10% change in public transport accessibility (elasticity). The marginal effect of car ownership is the changes in predicted outcomes after switching from 0 to 1 car and from 1 to 2 cars respectively. The elasticity of the years of overeducation has been computed considering individuals to be overeducated when they have more years of schooling than the average in their respective occupation plus one standard deviation point (i.e. mismatch greater than the standard deviation of years of schooling in each occupation). Numbers in bold type indicate that the corresponding coefficient is significant at a 5% significance level.

Table A4: Sensitivity Analysis

OUTCOME %Δ[years of overeducation]

baseline sample

MALES (n = 44077) FEMALES (n = 48961)

%Δ(public transport accessibility) -0.086 -0.081

Δ 0 to 1 car -0.076 -0.141

Δ 1 to 2 cars -0.084 -0.120

only individuals residing in the same place for more than 10 years

MALES (n = 22765) FEMALES (n = 25871)

%Δ(public transport accessibility) -0.097 -0.096

Δ 0 to 1 car -0.059 -0.120

Δ 1 to 2 cars -0.068 -0.093

only individuals residing with their parents

MALES (n = 11116)

FEMALES (n = 7416)

%Δ(public transport accessibility) -0.083 -0.057

Δ 0 to 1 car -0.060 -0.038

Δ 1 to 2 cars -0.053 -0.035

only head of household

45

%Δ(public transport accessibility) -0.115 -0.027

Δ 0 to 1 car -0.139 -0.074

Δ 1 to 2 cars -0.157 -0.075

Note: the marginal effect of public transport accessibility is computed as the changes in predicted outcomes after a 10% change in public transport accessibility (elasticity). The marginal effect of car ownership is the changes in predicted outcomes after switching from 0 to 1 car and from 1 to 2 cars respectively. The elasticity of the years of overeducation has been computed considering individuals to be overeducated when they have more years of schooling than the average in their respective occupation plus one standard deviation point (i.e. mismatch greater than the standard deviation of years of schooling in each occupation). Numbers in bold type indicate that the corresponding coefficient is significant at a 5% significance level.

46 Table A5: Descriptive Statistics for Selected Subsamples for Sensitivity Analysis

(a) (b) (c)

MALES FEMALES MALES FEMALES MALES FEMALES

mean s.d. mean s.d. mean s.d. mean s.d. mean s.d. mean s.d.

public transport accessibility (pta) 3.312 1.076 3.365 1.086 3.182 1.079 3.252 1.096 3.166 1.123 3.310 1.166

cars = 0 0.174 0.379 0.200 0.400 0.201 0.401 0.220 0.414 0.162 0.368 0.269 0.444

cars = 1 0.528 0.499 0.533 0.499 0.438 0.496 0.465 0.499 0.584 0.493 0.515 0.500

cars ≥ 2 0.298 0.457 0.267 0.443 0.361 0.480 0.315 0.465 0.254 0.435 0.216 0.411

employed 0.878 0.328 0.534 0.499 0.827 0.379 0.806 0.396 0.937 0.244 0.817 0.387

job-education mismatch (years) -0.305 3.090 -0.219 3.021 0.551 2.966 0.717 2.968 -0.162 3.158 0.342 3.099

overeducation (schooling > occupation-average + s.d.) 0.145 0.353 0.145 0.352 0.207 0.405 0.221 0.415 0.160 0.367 0.195 0.396

age 40.34 13.20 43.81 12.46 26.72 7.18 26.73 7.43 43.73 10.43 41.42 10.61

no education 0.071 0.256 0.112 0.316 0.027 0.161 0.019 0.135 0.073 0.261 0.065 0.247

primary education 0.203 0.402 0.236 0.425 0.152 0.359 0.093 0.290 0.184 0.387 0.148 0.355

lower secondary education 0.321 0.467 0.309 0.462 0.350 0.477 0.284 0.451 0.289 0.453 0.247 0.432

upper secondary education 0.115 0.319 0.103 0.304 0.126 0.332 0.145 0.353 0.119 0.324 0.134 0.340

vocational education - low grade 0.074 0.262 0.056 0.230 0.102 0.303 0.093 0.291 0.074 0.263 0.083 0.275

vocational education - high grade 0.077 0.266 0.050 0.217 0.108 0.311 0.129 0.335 0.078 0.269 0.074 0.262

tertiary education 0.139 0.346 0.134 0.341 0.135 0.342 0.237 0.425 0.182 0.386 0.249 0.432

field of tertiary education = social sciences 0.050 0.217 0.066 0.248 0.052 0.223 0.125 0.330 0.066 0.249 0.121 0.326

field of tertiary education = humanities 0.013 0.113 0.020 0.140 0.013 0.113 0.027 0.163 0.016 0.127 0.040 0.196

field of tertiary education = health studies 0.013 0.114 0.029 0.167 0.008 0.091 0.043 0.203 0.019 0.136 0.054 0.225

field of tertiary education = hard science 0.014 0.118 0.010 0.102 0.013 0.113 0.021 0.144 0.020 0.139 0.020 0.140

field of tertiary education = technical studies 0.049 0.216 0.010 0.097 0.048 0.214 0.021 0.143 0.061 0.239 0.013 0.115

born in Spain 0.990 0.098 0.989 0.106 0.989 0.105 0.988 0.111 0.952 0.213 0.952 0.213

born in EU15 countries 0.003 0.051 0.003 0.059 0.002 0.040 0.002 0.040 0.010 0.100 0.010 0.101

born in Africa 0.003 0.052 0.002 0.040 0.004 0.061 0.003 0.059 0.017 0.130 0.008 0.088

born in America 0.003 0.054 0.005 0.070 0.004 0.063 0.006 0.077 0.013 0.111 0.024 0.154

born in other countries 0.001 0.039 0.001 0.038 0.002 0.041 0.001 0.038 0.008 0.088 0.005 0.073

marital status = single 0.443 0.497 0.276 0.447 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.000 0.158 0.364 0.210 0.407

marital status = married 0.512 0.500 0.640 0.480 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.775 0.418 0.565 0.496

marital status = others 0.045 0.207 0.084 0.277 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.068 0.251 0.225 0.418

Number of observations 22,765 25,871 11,116 7,416 23,545 15,007

47 Table A5: Descriptive Statistics for Selected Subsamples for Sensitivity Analysis (continued)

(a) (b) (c)

MALES FEMALES MALES FEMALES MALES FEMALES

mean s.d. mean s.d. mean s.d. mean s.d. mean s.d. mean s.d.

local unemployment rate 0.114 0.035 0.113 0.034 0.114 0.037 0.113 0.036 0.111 0.034 0.109 0.034

resident in Barcelona 0.343 0.475 0.369 0.482 0.294 0.455 0.324 0.468 0.300 0.458 0.376 0.484

# children aged 0-4 0.037 0.207 0.042 0.217 0.009 0.106 0.009 0.109 0.182 0.452 0.175 0.437

# children aged 5-9 0.091 0.322 0.097 0.330 0.026 0.177 0.029 0.194 0.169 0.428 0.156 0.412

# children aged 10-15 0.188 0.442 0.197 0.455 0.102 0.329 0.099 0.334 0.212 0.477 0.201 0.473

# children aged 16-19 0.261 0.508 0.254 0.499 0.281 0.543 0.269 0.530 0.200 0.457 0.184 0.441

number of adults in the household 2.961 1.101 2.861 1.082 3.401 1.035 3.458 1.016 2.337 0.984 2.100 0.959

car park in the house building 0.130 0.336 0.136 0.343 0.155 0.362 0.155 0.362 0.177 0.382 0.169 0.375

usable housing space (in m2/100) 82.65

32.93 83.94 35.07 85.14 37.13 87.04 38.82 84.72 35.06 83.81 34.90

Number of observations 22,765 25,871 11,116 7,416 23,545 15,007

48 Table A6: Accounting for Private Transport Accessibility (Selected Estimates)

MALES FEMALES

mismatch

public transport accessibility (pta) -0.128a -0.147a -0.115a -0.136a

(-6.966) (-6.911) (-4.413) (-4.677)

cars = 0 reference category

cars = 1 -0.411a -0.411a -0.793a -0.790a

(-4.351) (-4.351) (-5.729) (-5.713)

cars ≥ 2 -0.829a -0.829a -1.374a -1.367a

(-4.673) (-4.673) (-5.168) (-5.150)

private transport accessibility 0.015c 0.016

(1.806) (1.570) employment

public transport accessibility (pta) 0.011 -0.011 0.052a 0.065a

(0.624) (-0.552) (4.066) (4.450)

cars = 0 reference category

cars = 1 0.346a 0.356a 0.218a 0.212a

(3.316) (3.380) (3.164) (3.062)

cars ≥ 2 0.497b 0.517b 0.520a 0.507a

(2.436) (2.508) (3.909) (3.796)

private transport accessibility 0.017b -0.010b

(2.529) (-2.033)

Number of observations 44,077 44,077 48,961 48,961 Note: a significant at 1% level, b significant at 5% level, c significant at 10%

level; t-Statistics in parenthesis, standard errors clustered at the census tract level. Private transport accessibility has been computed in the same fashion than public transport job accessibility (see section 3.2) but using private transport time. All the equations contain the same set of covariates than in the baseline estimations of table 2.