1.4 MODELOS DE REFERENCIA
1.4.2 El modelo de referencia TCP/IP
Figure 8.1: EHRD OP Priority Level Objectives
Priority 1: Employability
1. To mobilise all potential sources of labour supply.
2. To minimise unemployment and prevent the drift into long-term unemployment by strengthening the preventative approach.
3. To promote social inclusion with particular reference to the re-integration of the socially excluded and the long-term unemployed into the labour force.
Priority 2: Entrepreneurship
4. To support sustainable productivity and competitiveness improvements in existing businesses, and SMEs in particular, by improving education and training levels and to intensify policy efforts to that end.
5. To more fully exploit the employment or income-generating potential of the Social Economy initiatives in regard to disadvantaged individuals or groups at local level.
Priority 3: Adaptability
6. To promote a skills trained and adaptable workforce by facilitating people in the wider economy and in specific sectors to adapt their skills to changing labour market requirements through further training, re-skilling and lifelong learning.
7. To enhance the quality of labour supply through continued investment in education and training and, in particular, through developing a strategic and flexible framework for lifelong learning.
8. To enhance the quality of labour supply and ease of adaptability by developing and deploying an improved framework of certification and qualifications.
Priority 4: Equality
9. To promote equal opportunities between men and women.
10. To adopt a comprehensive gender-mainstreaming approach, including Measure components to tackle gender employment gaps, and monitoring of progress through adequate data collection.
Table 8.1: EHRD OP Actual vs Planned Expenditure 2000-2002
Planned, 2000-2002 Actual, 2000-2002 Actual as Per Cent of Planned Total OP 6,740.8 5,962.5 88.5 Employability 3,478.6 3,302.5 94.9 Entrepreneurship 337.1 80.3 23.8 Adaptability 1,457.4 1,221.8 83.8 Equality 11.9 2.5 21.0 Other Measures 1,455.8 1,355.4 93.1 TOTAL CSF 870.3 598.2 68.7 Employability 511.3 429.4 84.0 Entrepreneurship 173 57.3 33.1 Adaptability 170.6 108.6 63.7 Equality 10.7 1.5 14.0 Other Measures 4.7 1.4 29.8 TOTAL EU 494.8 339.1 68.5 Employability 294 245.3 83.4 Entrepreneurship 99.2 33 33.3 Adaptability 93.6 59.3 63.4 Equality 5.5 0.8 14.5 Other Measures 2.5 0.7 28.0
EMPLOYMENT AND HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT OP 163 Table 8.2: CSF and EU Shares of Planned and Actual Expenditure, 2000-2002
Plan Per Cent Actual Per Cent
Total CSF 12.9 10.0
Total EU 7.3 5.7
Table 8.3: EHRD OP Co-financing: Planned Expenditure by Priority and Measure
Policy Field Employment Guidelines (NEAP 2000)
Active Labour Market Measures
02 ESF National Employment Service 1, 2 and 3
05 ESF School Completion Initiative 7 and 8
11a ESF Early School Leavers Progression 7 and 8
11b ESF ESL – Youthreach and Travellers 7, 8 and 9
14a ESF Apprenticeships/Traineeships – FÁS 17
Social Inclusion
03 ESF Active Measures for LTU and Socially Excluded 3 and 9
09 ESF Third Level Access 17
33a ESF Technical Assistance – Equality Studies 18
Lifelong Learning
21 ESF Lifelong Learning-BTEI 5, 6, 21 and 22
22 ESF Lifelong Learning-National Adult Literacy Strategy 5, 6 and 21 Adaptability and Entrepreneurship
13 ESF Skills Training for the Unemployed and Redundant Workers
21
18aESF In-Company Training – FÁS 17
18bESF In-Company Training – EI 17
19a ESF Social Economy Programme 12
19b ESF Social Economy – Local Social Capital 12
26 ESF Undergraduate Skills 17
29b ESF Quality Assurance/certification and national Qualifications Framework
5 and 6
Gender Equality
30 ESF Educational Disadvantage 19
31a ESF Equal Opp Promotion and Monitoring- education 19
31b ESF Equal Opp Promotion and Monitoring- NDP 18, 19 and 21
Source: Fitzpatrick Associates and ESRI (2003) EHRD OP Mid-Term Evaluation, Final Report.
Table 8.4: Actual vs Planned Expenditure by Region, 2000-2002
Plan (€m) Actual (€m ) Actual as % of Planned BMW Total 1,965.5 1,781.6 90.6 Employability 993.6 1,033.6 104.0 Entrepreneurship 89.5 31.8 35.5 Adaptability 516.6 371.0 71.8 Equality 1.0 0.3 30.0 Other Measures 364.9 344.9 94.5 S&E Total 4,775.2 4,181.5 87.6 Employability 2,485.0 2,268.9 91.3 Entrepreneurship 247.6 48.5 19.6 Adaptability 940.8 851.4 90.5 Equality 10.9 2.2 20.2 Other Measures 1,091.0 1,010.5 92.6
Table 8.5a: Total Planned and Actual Expenditure, 2000-2002. Employability Priority
Planned Actual % of Planned
1 Action Programme for the Unemployed 345.4 109.9 31.8
2 National Employment Service 122.4 152.0 124.1
3 Active Measures for LTU and Socially Excluded 1,089.6 1,200.5 110.2
4 Early Education 25.5 0.5 1.8
5 School Completion Initiative 56.8 25.6 45.2
6 Early Literacy 8.0 7.6 95.0
7 Traveller Education 5.5 8.1 145.1
8 School Guidance Service 55.9 67.2 120.3
9 Third Level Access 72.1 35.2 48.8
10 Schools Modern Languages 11.4 6.4 56.3
11a Early School Leavers Progression 129.0 79.0 61.2
11b Early School Leavers Youthreach and Travellers 133.6 94.2 70.5 12a Sectoral Entry Training Tourism School Leavers 31.1 25.3 81.4
12b Sectoral Entry Training Tourism 19.9 27.1 136.3
12c Sectoral Entry Training Tourism (Education) 36.1 42.2 117.0
12d Sectoral Entry Training Agriculture 33.7 33.3 98.9
13 Skills Training for Unemployed and Redundant 76.0 269.0 354.0
14a Apprenticeship/Traineeship (FÁS) 384.5 366.7 95.4
14b Apprenticeship (Education) 49.5 74.7 150.8
15 Employment Support Services 691.1 568.1 82.2
16 Vocational Training & Pathways Employment People with Disabilities
99.1 107.4 108.4
17 Refugee Language Support Unit 2.4 2.6 109.6
Total Employability Priority 3,478.6 3,302.5 94.9
CSF funding accounted for almost 13 per cent of total planned expenditure in the OP for the years 2000-20002, and 10 per cent of total actual expenditure. EU funding accounted for 7.3 per cent of total planned OP expenditure for the period, and 5.7 per cent of actual. The European Social Fund (ESF) funding in the EHRD OP accounts for 85 per cent of the total of €1.057 billion ESF funding under the 2000-06 Irish CSF. ESF co-financing is intended to have a strategic and value-added role in contributing towards the achievement of the OP’s labour market and human resources development objectives. The overall objective of the ESF is to support and complement the EHRD OP’s labour market and human resources development objectives by contributing to actions in support of the European Employment Strategy.
Table 8.5b: Total Planned and Actual Expenditure, 2000-2002, Entrepreneurship Priority
Planned Actual % of Planned
18a – In Company Training (FÁS) 80.7 35.5 44.0
18b – In Company Training (Enterprise Ireland) 66.5 13.1 19.7
19a – Social Economy 186.6 31.7 17.0
19b – Social Economy – Local Social Capital 3.3 0.0 0.0
EMPLOYMENT AND HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT OP 165 Table 8.5c: Total Planned and Actual Expenditure, 2000-2002, Adaptability Priority
Planned Actual % of Planned
20 Lifelong Learning - General Training 4.3 6.9 161.2
21 Lifelong Learning - Back to Education Initiative 508.8 256.7 50.5
22 Lifelong Learning - National Adult Literacy 51.8 39.5 76.2
23 Lifelong Learning - Further education Support 15.1 6.1 40.2
24a Ongoing Sectoral Training (Cultural, Gaeltacht and Film) 12.7 15.9 125.3
24b Ongoing Sectoral Training – Seafood 5.7 5.2 91.5
24c Ongoing Sectoral Training – Forestry 7.3 4.4 60.8
24d Ongoing Sectoral Training – Equine Institute 0.8 0.5 67.4
24e Ongoing Sectoral Training – Agriculture 3.5 3.5 100.0
24f Ongoing Sectoral Training – Tourism 9.6 13.3 138.6
24g Ongoing Sectoral Training – Tourism Training 8.5 5.8 68.1
25 Middle-Level Tech/Higher Tech Business Skills 668.1 699.2 104.6
26 Undergraduate Skills 63.4 55.8 87.9
27 Postgraduate Courses 19.4 23.9 122.8
28a Training of Trainers – Primary, Post-Primary and Tertiary
53.1 53.6 101.0
28b Training of Trainers – FÁS 4.0 1.5 37.9
29a Quality Assurance 12.9 13.3 103.6
29b Quality Assurance – Certification 8.5 16.7 196.6
Total Adaptability Priority 1,457.4 1,221.8 83.8
Table 8.5d: Planned and Actual Expenditure, 2000-2002, Equality, Infrastructure and Other Priority
Planned Actual % of Planned
30 Educational Disadvantage 3.8 1.1 28.7
31a Equal Opp Promotion/ Monitoring (Education) 5.6 0.5 8.7
31b Equal Opp Promotion/ Monitoring (NPD) 2.5 1.0 38.0
Total Equality Priority 11.9 2.5 21.3
32 Infrastructure 1,420.5 1,314.3 92.5
33 Technical Assistance 1.3 0.4 32.5
Total Other Measures 1,455.8 1,355.4 93.1
TOTAL EHRD OP 6,740.8 5,962.5 88.5
Table 8.3 lists the 20 ESF co-financed Measures/Sub-Measures; these include 18 education, training and employment and two technical assistance Measures/Sub-Measures, and also indicates to which EES Policy Field and Guideline they relate.
Table 8.4 shows summary expenditure data by region. Overall, total expenditure in the Border, Midland and Eastern Region over the years 2000-2002 was €1.781 billion, 91 per cent of planned. The corresponding figures for the Southern and Eastern Region were €4.182 billion and 88 per cent, respectively. The underspend in the S&E region was particularly high, about 80 per cent, in respect of both Entrepreneurship and Equality.
Tables 8.5a-d show detailed planned and actual expenditure to end-2002 by Measure and Sub-Measure. Of the 22 Measures in the Employability Priority, actual expenditure was 90 per cent less than planned in 9 Measures; in 6 Measures actual expenditure was approximately on target (90-110 per cent of planned), and in 7 Measures expenditure was more than 110 per cent of planned. Actual expenditure on two very large Measures, 3 and 14a, was close to planned, and was substantially above the target figure in the case of Measure 13, Skills Training for Unemployed and Redundant Workers.
Actual expenditure under the Entrepreneurship Priority was well below target in all 4 Measures and Sub-Measures. Under the Adaptability Priority, actual expenditure was less than 90 per cent of planned in respect of 8 Measures, close to target in respect of 5 Measures, and in excess of planned (more than 110 per cent) in respect of another 5 Measures. Actual expenditure on the largest single Measure under this Priority, Measure 25, Middle Level Technician/Higher Technical Business Skills, was very close to planned. However, expenditure on the second largest Measure in the Priority, Measure 21, Back to Education Initiative, was only 50 per cent of planned. Expenditure on the Equality Priority was well below target, while that on Infrastructure was close to planned. In general, financial progress in the EHRD OP has been largely driven by the largest programmes. Expenditure on most of these was broadly on target, while expenditure on many of the smaller programmes fell well below target.
I
n this section we set out the main results from the Mid-term Evaluation of the OP.PRIORITIES IN THE
OP
The Mid-Term Evaluation notes that a number of important trends have emerged since the commencement of the OP:
• Deterioration in the economic environment leading to no or to low output growth in the economy;
• Sluggish employment growth and increasing unemployment, in particular short-term unemployment;
• Higher than expected inflation during to date which,
although now easing, is likely to continue to affect education and training costs;
• Decline in numbers in the groups aged 5-14 and 15-19 years which provide the traditional intake to post-secondary education Measures funded under the OP;
• Constraints on the public finances, which will have some direct implications for 2003 and 2004-06 EHRD OP expenditure.
The remainder of the OP period will experience a very different economic climate than was the case when the OP commenced. The