FACTORES DE LA INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL

University Education in Kenya comprises both public and private universities. All these institutions offer both diploma and undergraduate degree programmes. A total of five universities offering peace and security studies were purposively selected to act as research sites. For ethical consideration purposes, these universities have been given pseudonyms as

University and Alvin University of Wayando. Battaglia (2008) explains that purposive sample, is a type of non-probability sample arrived at through expert knowledge of the population and whose main objective is to produce a sample that can be logically assumed to be representative of the population.

1.7.3.1 Daniela University

Daniela University is one of the oldest and largest universities in Kenya. Its origin goes back to 1947 when the Colonial Government in Kenya recommend the establishment of a technical and commercial institute in Nairobi for the East African region. In June 1964, the College acquired a University College Status and consequently, it begun to prepare students for bachelor’s degrees awarded by the University of London, while also continuing to offer diploma programmes. In 1966 the University College, begun preparing students exclusively for degrees of the University of East Africa, Makerere. The present Daniela University was established in 1970 by an Act of Parliament when the University of East Africa was dissolved and the then three East African countries set up their own national universities. The University offers approximately 200 programmes in the sciences, applied sciences, technology, humanities, social sciences and the arts. It has a population of 61,912 students of whom 49,488 are undergraduates and 12,424 are postgraduates.

The University has six colleges. Peace and security studies are offered in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences. According to the University Annual Report, 2012 the college had the following enrolment figures in the various diploma and undergraduate peace and security related courses:

a. Diploma in International Studies 83

c. Diploma in Armed Conflict 11 d. Bachelor of Arts in International Studies 399 e. Postgraduate Diploma in International Relations 14 f. Postgraduate Diploma in Strategic Studies 139

Total 736

The college also offers a number of Master’s and Doctorate programmes in peace and security studies.

1.7.3.2 Defence University of Kenya

Defence University on Kenya is the oldest institution of higher learning in the country. It was founded as a Farm School in 1939 and later on upgraded to an Agricultural College offering diploma programmes. It underwent a major expansion in 1979 and became a constituent college of Daniela University in 1986. It was later on established as a fully fledged University through an Act of parliament in 1987. The University currently has nine (9) faculties and fifty one (51) academic departments offering a wide range of programmes at diploma, undergraduate, and postgraduate levels. Its main campus houses the faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, which offers peace and security studies through the Department of Peace, Security and Social studies. The department offers Bachelor of Arts in Criminology and Security Studies.

The programme admits students who are mainly practicing government security officers in the Kenya Defence Forces and the National Police Service. Other non- practicing students are also admitted into the programme. Currently the programme has a total of about 1,600 students in the main campus, Nairobi and Nakuru Campuses. The Department also offers

is besides the regular Master of Arts degree in Sociology (Community Development and project Planning). There are also Doctorate programmes in Sociology.

1.7.3.3 Sheila University

Sheila University was founded through Harambee spirit in 1972, as a College of Arts and Applied Sciences. The college started offering certificate and diploma in courses in 1977, which included mechanical, and motor vehicle, electrical, electronic, agriculture, water, building, architecture, accounting and finance. In December 2002, the college was elevated to a Constituent College of Moi University. The college is distinguished with its unique programmes in peace and security studies which include forensic science, banking fraud and money laundering investigations; corruption research, monitoring and evaluation; corruption prevention methods, disaster preparedness and conflict management and resolution.

The diploma programmes in peace and security studies include Diploma in Ethics and Corruption Studies; Diploma in Disaster Management and; Diploma in Criminology and Criminal Justice. The undergraduate programmes include Bachelor of Criminology offered in the Faculty of Education and Social Sciences; Bachelor of Disaster Management and International Diplomacy; Bachelor of Science (Disaster Mitigation and Sustainable Development); Bachelor of Science (Disaster Preparedness and Environmental Technology) and Bachelor of Conflict Resolution and Humanitarian Assistance, all offered at the Centre for Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance. There are also Masters and Doctorate programmes in the above courses.

1.7.3.4 St. Alvin University of Wayando

St. Alvin University of Wayando was established in 1965 when the British Government handed over the Templar Barracks to the newly formed Republic of Kenya. The Barracks were then changed into a teachers’ college, with the Secondary Education and Teacher Education divisions. It then started offering the Secondary Teacher’s Training Certificate. In 1970, the college was elevated to a constituent college of the University of Nairobi, following an Act of Parliament and it became St. Alvin University of Wayando. In 1978, the Faculty of Education was moved from the University of Nairobi to the main College Campus and thus became the only institution training teachers for both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. It became a fully-fledged University through an Act of Parliament in 1985. Currently the University has 11 campuses and 15 schools.

St Alvin University of Wayando established the Institute of Peace and Security Studies in October 2010 under the School of Humanities and Social Sciences. The main objectives of the institution are to promote peace and security through training personnel; providing training facilities and resources; encouraging research, acquisition and dissemination of knowledge; developing an intellectual base; enhancing good governance and promoting ethical conduct and the rule of law in the management of peace and security affairs.

1.7.3.5 Sheryl-Ann University

Sheryl-Ann University is located in one of the suburbs of Kenya’s capital city of Nairobi. It is a non-profit making private institution with a population of about 6,000 students drawn from about 62 nationalities, majority of who are Kenyans. The University was first accredited in 1981 by the accrediting commission for senior colleges and universities of the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC). It later became chartered in

Kenya under the Universities Act in 1985. In 1999, it was awarded its charter as an independent institution through CUE.

The University’s programme offerings are in five undergraduate majors in the Chandaria School of Business, three in the School of Humanities and Social Sciences and three in the School of Science and Technology. The school of humanities and social sciences offers a Bachelor of Arts in International Relations and a Bachelor of Arts in Criminal Justice.

1.7.4 Informants

The simple stratified sampling was used to select a total of 152 informants from a population of 2,443 finalists and pre-finalists to participate in the study (Walliman, 2006). After the survey, a total of 36 respondents were purposively sampled from the 152 to participate in in-depth interviews and FGDs. Only those who were willing to participate in the interview sessions were sampled.

1.7.5 Research Instruments

A questionnaire and an interview schedule were used in gathering data.

1.7.5.1 Questionnaire: The SERVPERF Instrument

The study used a modified version of the original service performance (SERVPERF) instrument which was developed by Cronin and Taylor (1992). The modified SERVPERF instrument had 108 items.

1.7.5.2 Interview Schedule

schedule for both in-depth interviews and FGDs. The development of the interview schedule involved expert review by the supervisor and peer review by colleagues.

1.7.6 Data Analysis

Data analysis in this study was both quantitative and qualitative. In quantitative analysis, the data, which were collected through the questionnaires, were coded as per the variables and constructs under investigation and keyed in the SPSS computer analysis package, Version 17.0. Thereafter, frequency counts, percentages, means, standard deviation, ANOVA and student t- test were calculated. This data has been presented in form of tables.

While performing qualitative data analysis, the information collected through interview schedules, were transcribed into written coherent discourse. The data were examined for completeness and relevance in order to ascertain its usefulness, adequacy and credibility in answering the research questions. Thereafter the data were organised thematically using code books and analysed as per the research questions. During the analysis, the data were first read thoroughly for familiarity. Then the researcher thereafter established the various categories in the data, which were distinct from each other. This data has been presented in form of written narratives.