CAPITULO II: MARCO TEÓRICO – CONCEPTUAL Y
9. MARCO NORMATIVO
Background
Many examples of national strategies and national plans to prevent and suppress human trafficking already exist and can be consulted. References to some examples are cited below. The content of each plan is obviously dictated by national circum- stances, but effective plans usually share some of the same features. They state the major objectives to be pursued and around which there can be a consensus for action. They delineate the strategic actions that must be taken to achieve those objec- tives, set priorities, identify who is responsible for implementing their various com- ponents, and identify the resources that are required for their implementation. The better plans also delineate how progress towards the achievement of specific goals and objectives is to be monitored and eventually evaluated. Given the nature of the phenomenon of human trafficking, a strategy to combat trafficking in persons must also specifically address the need for enhanced international cooperation.
In some cases, national strategies are built on providing support for local initia- tives. For instance, in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the national strategy is based in part on implementing local measures to combat human trafficking. The United Kingdom Crime Reduction Toolkit on Trafficking of People, particularly its chapter 4, offers some suggestions on the development of such local strategies. The toolkit can be consulted at:
http://www.crimereduction.gov.uk/toolkits/tp00.htm
Albania
The Albanian National Plan of Action on Combating Trafficking in Human Beings 2005-2007 can be obtained at:
http://www.caaht.com/resources/NationalStrategy_2005-7_ENGLISH.pdf
chapter 2 Problem assessment and strategy development
Report of the Expert Group on Strategies for Combating the Trafficking of Women and Children
Law Ministers of the Commonwealth, at a meeting held in Trinidad and Tobago in 1999, concluded that the Commonwealth Secretariat should propose strategies to assist States in developing national and regional initiatives against human traf- ficking. An Expert Group on Strategies for Combating the Trafficking of Women and Children developed a set of proposals dealing with: (a) prevention; (b) return, rehabilitation and reintegration of victims; (c) research and creation of a data- base; and (d) media strategies.
The report can be obtained at:
http://www.thecommonwealth.org/ shared_ asp_files/uploadedfiles/{9DA75C65- FBFE-4F33-8CA1-99D014B52989}_Trafficking%20of%20Women.pdf
Armenia
The Action Plan for Prevention of Trafficking in Persons from the Republic of Armenia 2004-2006 can be obtained at:
http://www.armeniaforeignministry.com/perspectives/040716_traff_en.doc
Australia
The Australian Government’s Action Plan to Eradicate Trafficking in Persons can be obtained at:
http://www.ag.gov.au/agd/WWW/rwpattach.nsf/personal/70574080BA05E23ECA256 EB5001866A7/$FILE/99+TraffickingplanNEW.doc
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Action Plan for Prevention of Human Trafficking can be obtained at: http://www.womenwarpeace.org/bosnia/docs/action_plan.pdf
Cambodia
In 2002, the Ministry of Women’s and Veterans’ Affairs of Cambodia adopted a concept paper entitled “Strengthening mechanisms and strategies to counter traf- ficking”. The document can be obtained at:
http://www.tipinasia.info/files/doc /3/3/33/ConceptPaper_on_Trafficking.pdf http://www.humantrafficking.org/countries/eap/cambodia/govt/draftconceptpaper.pd
On 17 March 2000, the Council of Ministers of Cambodia adopted a Five Year Plan against Sexual Exploitation of Children (2000–2005). The plan can be obtained at: http://www.tipinasia.info/files/doc/4/3/34/CNCC_5Year_NAP_Children.pdf
http://www.ecpat-esp.org/documentacion/planes-nacionales/Camboya.pdf
Indonesia
The Government of Indonesia has adopted a national plan of action that includes the following measures:
• To guarantee improvement and advancement in efforts to protect the victims of trafficking in persons, especially women and children
• To formulate preventive as well as punitive measures in the campaign to pre- vent and combat trafficking in persons, especially trafficking involving women and children
• To encourage development and/or improvement in the laws dealing with traffick- ing in persons activities, especially such activities that involve women and children
In order to meet these objectives, the plan has five main elements, each contain- ing a list of activities to be conducted by the Government at the national, provin- cial, district and local levels, as follows:
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• Legislation and law enforcement: establishing legal norms and empowering law enforcement to take effective action against traffickers
• Prevention of all forms of human trafficking
• Protection and assistance for victims: providing rehabilitation and social reinte- gration for victims of trafficking
• Participation of women and children (empowerment)
• Building cooperation and coordination (national, provincial, local, regional and international: bilateral and multilateral)
See Ruth Rosenberg, ed., Trafficking of Women and Children in Indonesia (Jakarta, International Catholic Migration Commission and American Center for International Labor Solidarity) at: http://www.icmc.net/files/traffreport.en.pdf
Netherlands
The Government of the Netherlands has adopted an Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking, a summary of which can be consulted at:
http://www.government.nl/actueel/nieuwsarchief/2004/12December/10/0-42-1_42- 51841.jsp
Norway
In Norway’s Plan of Action for Combating Trafficking in Women and Children, the Government has launched measures to protect and assist the victims, prevent human trafficking and prosecute the organizers.
The plan can be consulted at: http://odin.dep.no/filarkiv/175924/Trafficking-eng.pdf and a summary is available at:
http://odin.dep.no/filarkiv/170684/summary_of_the_measures_in_the_action_plan.doc
Thailand
The Government of Thailand has adopted a plan of action to prevent trafficking, protect and reintegrate victims and prosecute traffickers. The national policy calls for a total elimination of the involvement of children in commercial sex activities. The use of violence, threats, intimidation and exploitation in the sex trade indus- try is to be prohibited and all persons who take part in the prostitution of children should be punished. The policy also calls for the punishment of officials negligent in, or choosing to ignore, their duty to enforce compliance with relevant policies, law, rules and regulations. The comprehensive plan includes prevention measures, victim protection measures, measures for the repatriation and reintegration of vic- tims, as well as measures for the criminalization and prosecution of offenders involved in human trafficking for the purpose of exploitative sex.
A summary of the plan can be consulted at:
http://humantrafficking.org/countries/eap/thailand/govt/action_plan.htm
chapter 2 Problem assessment and strategy development
Viet Nam
In July 2004, the Government of Viet Nam adopted a national action plan to pre- vent and combat traffickers in women and children for the period 2004–2010. The plan includes several important dimensions: (a)advocacy and education in the com- munity on the prevention of trafficking in women and children; (b) action against traffickers of women and children, including law enforcement; (c) support for women and children from other countries who are victims of traffickers; (d) bor- der control; and (e) strengthening of the legal framework.