Several key findings were observed from this study. District government officials indicated the training had helped them to clarify their roles and responsibilities and this led to reduced duplication of activities. There was also improved communication. The officials claimed they were now more proactive in seeking their own resources and were able identify potential donors. Supervision was still a challenge as they believed they were not getting quality supervision.
We show the importance of ensuring that the trainees are provided with the skills that are relevant to their job description and which they can apply based on the responses of the participants who were unable to apply skills that were being carried out by designated persons within the ministry. We propose that workshops on building and maintaining partnerships are available within the ministry. This is because partnership led to improved coordination of programs as well as increasing collaboration on programs by different stakeholders within the district. We also learned that communication and planning with partners on different projects had improved after the training on because of the partnership skill that the participants were exposed to. We propose that only the key stakeholders within the ministry that are involved in mobilizing funds should be trained on this skill. Sensitization of national government officials who supervise the district government officials needs to be carried out. This will help to ensure that reflective supervision is well carried out which will in turn will motivate the district government officials to replicate the same at the district level.
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To better understand and measure how skills transfer occurs within an organization, we call for further research. We highly recommend a longitudinal study to be employed in future studies.
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Appendices
Appendix A:
In-depth Interview Guide 3
For trainees who have NOT changed position or job since the training
Interview 3 is scheduled directly after approximately 18 months after the training by Plan Kenya.
Research question
1. How do the government officials describe the effect of the Plan Kenya CLTS training on sanitation programs?
2. How does the government support individuals (district officials) to transfer the CLTS knowledge they gained from the Plan Kenya training program to other individuals and the organization? Specifically, to what extend have the following knowledge and skills been transferred?
a. Resource mobilization b. Partnership
c. Supervision Interview goals:
1. Assess monitoring/reporting of CLTS activities and outcomes 2. Assess partnership with government and NGO stakeholders 3. See how trainees have applied the training in their job 4. Assess the perceived value of the mentoring
5. Determine if and how trainees have attempted to pass on their learning to others a. CLTS knowledge transfer
b. Management skills
Instructions to the interviewer:
If an interviewee gives a vague description, ask them if they can provide a specific example. This is especially important for:
o “Why or why not?” questions o “How…?” questions
Make sure to ask every question unless a question is in parenthesis
Ask all questions the way they are written (questions numbered 1, 2, etc.)
Add notes on body language (e.g. head shaking, nodding, excited hand gestures, etc.) to the interview transcripts.
35 INTERVIEW BEGINS HERE:
Introduction:
“Good morning/afternoon. My name is __________, and I work for Research Guide Africa. I am working on a research project with the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. You may remember that we interviewed you last June 2014. You had already been consented to be in this study and gave us
permission to contact you in the future. Your last interview was very valuable and we would now like to interview you again. This interview will last approximately one hour. This will be our last intervi ew. I would like to record this interview so that I can write a clear report from our discussion, but you may ask that the recorder be switched off at any time. This study is completely voluntary, and you may skip any questions or stop at any time. This interview is private and confidential, when we write any reports, your name and identity will not be included in any way. May we begin our discussion?”
Interview Guide
“I would like to ask you a few questions about the training program led by Plan Kenya th at happened almost two years ago. Please think back to this training when answering your questions.”
Warm up questions (Allow 2-3 minutes)
1. “Please tell me your thoughts about what people in your district/County are doing to promote the sanitation programs.”
a. “What are they doing to promote?” b. “How are they doing”
c. “Who is involved” Main Questions
2. “How have you used information from Plan Kenya’s CLTS training in your position over the two year?” (Allow 5 minutes)
a. “Is there a particular thing from the training that you have been able to apply to your job?”
i. Yes “Can you please give a specific example of what you have used and how you have used it?” “What was the outcome of using this information?”
ii. No “Why have you not been able to apply the training in your job?”
b. “How do think others who were in the training used the information from Plan Kenya’s CLTS training?” “Can you cite examples”
3. “What aspects of your job require the knowledge and skills that you learned during the training?” (If they don’t recall, remind them of resource mobilization, partnership and supervision)(Allow 4 minutes)
a. “Can you give me a specific example of how you used the knowledge and skills from the training in this aspect of your job?”
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b. “Do you think that use of the knowledge and skills from the training has improved your job performance?”
i. “Can you give me a specific example?”
4. “Can you talk about how decisions are made regarding sanitation programs at the county/ sub county office?” (Allow 4 minutes)
a. Yes “Can you tell me more about that?”
b. “Are there key people who make these decisions?” (Prompts: what are their designations, what decisions do they make, how long do they take to make the decisions)
5. “What about your department, has it helped you to be a good supervisor on sanitation programs?” (Prompts; if they are not involved in Sanitation Program, how has it helped them in their roles or job description)(Allow 5 minutes)
a. “What do you do to support staff to successfully implement the goals and objectives of sanitation programs?”
b. “What specific trainings topics would be helpful to promote supervision of sanitation programs”
c. “Do you think your staff need more support from you to carry out sanitation programs?” d. “Do you receive reflective supervision?” (Are they supervised themselves)
e. “What are the specific challenges for supervising sanitation programs?”
6. “How do you feel about partnership involvement, commitment and ownership of scaling up sanitation programs between”: (Allow 5 minutes)
a. “Government departments” b. “With NGOs”
c. “Is there any support from the (governmental departments or NGOs) that helps you apply the skills?”
7. “Have you worked on any projects involving partnerships over the last two years?” (Such as NGOs or other government departments?) (Allow 5 minutes)
If yes:
a. “Who were these partnerships with?” i. “What did these partnerships involve?” ii. “What was the role of the partner?”
b. “Since the training from Plan Kenya, do you think the knowledge helped you when you were working with partners?”
i. “Why or why not?”
8. “Are there staff members who didn’t attend the CLTS training who have learned about it from those who did attend?” (Allow 5 minutes)
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b. No”Can you tell me more about why not?”
c. “Is there any support inside the organization that helps you mentor others with information from the CLTS training?”
d. “Since the CLTS training, have you made any changes to how you mentor fellow staff” “If yes tell me how?” “If no why not?”
9. “If you talk to someone about the CLTS information (aim is to see if they talk about resource mobilization and partnership), what kinds of things do you talk about?” (Allow 2-3 minutes)
a) “What’s the easiest information to share?” b) “Is there anything that’s difficult to talk about?”
c) “ What information do you talk to partners/ potential partners or inter-departmental heads
10. “Do the national government goals in your department allow you to promote skills and information you learned from the training?” (Allow 2-3 minutes)
Yes”Can you tell me how?”
No”Why do you think this is the case?”
11. “Who do you currently consider as part of your resource mobilization network in promoting sanitation programs?” (Allow 5minutes)
a. “Who and what’s their role”
b. Who in your organization is currently responsible for resource mobilization? c. “How”
12. “Since the training by Plan Kenya, have you worked on resource mobilization for sanitation programs in your department?” (Allow 2-3 minutes)
a. “If yes how” b. “If no, why” c. “What worked”
13. “Do you have sufficient funding to carry out sanitation programs?” (Allow 5 minutes)
a. “Is there funding allocated/ promised for sanitation in the future.” b. “Is it sufficient”
c. “What is your opinion on how this can be sustained?”
d. “What level of funding do you have to carry out sanitation programs?” e. “How long is the funding”
f. “You were trained about mobilization and partnership. How have you put this into use?” Round up questions
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14. “From your experience in the Plan Kenya CLTS training, what areas should future training cover to promote sanitation program?” (Allow 2-3 minutes)
a. “What could be done differently?”