Reacciones adversas

I've had a few requests for a quiz circuit, so here is a 4 input design which can easily be modified. Maybe, I should write the application notes in the style of a game show host...

Circuit diagram

Notes:

This design uses four IC's and has four input circuits and four independent outputs and a single master reset switch. The outputs here are LED's but may be modified to drive lamps or buzzers. Only one output LED can be lit at any time. The first person to press their input switch, A,B,C,D will light the corresponding output LED, disabling the other inputs.

The circuit uses all CMOS IC's part numbers shown on the diagram. The supply voltage may be anything between 3 and 15 volts. Alternatively, it may be built using equivalent TTL IC's and powered on 5 volts. The main component in this circuit is a bistable latch, here it is based on the dual 4013 D-type flip flop.

Circuit Operation:

Pressing the reset switch will clear all flip flops and extinguish any lit LED's. Under this condition the Q outputs will all be low (logic 0) and NOT Q outputs will be high (logic 1). All four NOT Q outputs are fed to a 4 input AND gate, the 4082 whose output will also be high. The output of the 4082 is wired to one input of each 2 input AND gate (4081). Switch inputs A,B,C,D are all non latching push button switches, the first person to press their switch will cause the corresponding AND gate (4081) to go high and trigger the preset input of the 4013 D-type flip flop. This will latch and light the appropriate LED. Also the triggered flip flop will have its NOT Q output, set at low, this changes the 4082 output to low and prevents any further triggering of the other flip flops. Switch contact de-bouncing is not required as the first press will latch one

of the bistables. Pressing the reset switch, restores the circuit to its former state. I would recommend using heavy duty push button switches, as in use they are likely to be under some stress.

P85. Magic Wand Conjuring Trick

The simple conjuring trick in Figure 1 is intended to provide some enjoyment for the beginner in electronics or conjuring, and should take only an hour or two to build.

Circuit diagram

The trick works as follows: a wand (with a magnet mounted in one end) must pass in a 1-2-3 sequence over reed switches S4 to S6 before the bulb LP1 will light. If the wand passes over reed switches S1, S2, or S3, the 1-2-3 sequence will be reset (that is, cancelled). Or, if the bulb is already burning, the activation of reed switches S1, S2, or S3 will extinguish it.

All the reed switches - S1 to S6 - are glued just beneath the surface of a 10 cm² box (Figure 2). A general purpose adhesive is suggested, so that the reed switches may later be moved if necessary. The bulb, LP1, is mounted in the centre of the box. A small PP3 9V battery may be used. The prototype box was built using balsa wood.

same wand. The wand may also be lifted just high enough over reed switches S1 to S3 so as not to trigger them.

A 7.2V filament bulb, LP1, was used - instead of, say, a LED - so as not to give the trick an "electronic" appearance.

The operation of the circuit is fairly simple. Three AND logic gates of a 4081 CMOS IC are employed, with gates IC1a to IC1c being configured as a standard cascaded latch circuit. S1 to S3 serve as reset switches. The output at pin 10 will only switch to logic high when reed switches S4 to S6 are closed in sequence. Power transistor TR1 amplifies the output current to light bulb LP1.

Instead of a wand, a small neobdymium (super-strength) magnet may be stuck to one finger, and one's finger used in place of the wand.

In "stand-by" mode (with the bulb extinguished) the circuit will use very little current. Therefore a switch is not included in the circuit (of course, one may be added). The box may be opened and the battery simply clipped on or off.

P86. Battery-powered Night Lamp

Ultra-low current drawing 1.5V battery supply

Circuit diagram

Parts:

R1,R2 1M 1/4W Resistors

R3 47K 1/4W Resistor (optional: see Notes) R4 Photo resistor (any type, optional: see Notes) C1 100nF 63V Polyester Capacitor

C2 220µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor

D1 LED Red 10mm. Ultra-bright (see Notes)

D2 1N5819 40V 1A Schottky-barrier Diode (see Notes) IC1 7555 or TS555CN CMos Timer IC

Device purpose:

This circuit is usable as a Night Lamp when a wall mains socket is not available to plug-in an ever running small neon lamp device. In order to ensure minimum battery consumption, one 1.5V cell is used, and a simple voltage doubler drives a pulsating ultra-bright LED: current drawing is less than 500µA.

An optional Photo resistor switches-off the circuit in daylight or when room lamps illuminate, allowing further current economy.

This device will run for about 3 months continuously on an ordinary AA sized cell or for around 6 months on an alkaline type cell but, adding the Photo resistor circuitry, running time will be doubled or, very likely, triplicated.

Circuit operation:

IC1 generates a square wave at about 4Hz frequency. C2 & D2 form a voltage doubler, necessary to raise the battery voltage to a peak value able to drive the LED.

Notes:

IC1 must be a CMos type: only these devices can safely operate at 1.5V supply or less.

If you are not needing Photo resistor operation, omit R3 & R4 and connect pin 4 of IC1 to positive supply. Ordinary LEDs can be used, but light intensity will be poor.

An ordinary 1N4148 type diode can be used instead of the 1N5819 Schottky-barrier type diode, but LED intensity will be reduced due to the higher voltage drop.

Any Schottky-barrier type diode can be used in place of the 1N5819.

P87. Combinational Conjuring Trick

The simple circuit of Fig.1 emulates a similar conjuring trick which sells for hundreds of Pounds. The trick seems to do the almost-impossible from an electronic point of view, let alone from the point of view of common sense.

It consists of a bank of three on-off switches (S19-S21), which have three switch covers, each of a different colour. These switch a bank of three lightbulbs (LP1-LP3), each of a different colour. The colours of the lightbulbs correspond with the colours of the switch covers.

Now comes the interesting part. The switch covers may be exchanged at will, but still they switch the lightbulbs of corresponding colour. Similarly, the lightbulbs may be exchanged at will, but still they respond to the switches of corresponding colour. On the surface of it, there would seem to be 64 possible connections between switches and lighbulbs, and no possible way that the conjurer can manipulate them all.

However, add some sleight-of-hand, and things become a lot simpler. Each switch cover is symmetrical, in such a way that it looks the same whether facing N, E, or W. Further, each lightbulb is screwed into a circular base, which looks the same whether facing N, E, or W.

Let us consider just one of the switch covers (S19). Three reed switches (S10-S12) are positioned beneath the cover, at positions N, E, and W, and each of these activates a different lightbulb. Any one of the three reed switches may be closed by a single magnet positioned strategically under the switch cover. Depending on the orientation of the switch cover, therefore, the switch will activate any one of the three reed switches, and thus the selected lightbulb.

On discussing this with an accomplished magician, the author was told that this alone would be sufficient for the full effect described - reed switches S1-S9 may be omitted. Nevertheless, the lightbulbs may similarly be surrounded with three reed switches each, which are activated by the orientation of the circular base - a magnet being strategically positioned within it. These reed switches may thus reroute the power to the conjurer's selected lightbulb.

There is just one caveat from an electronic point of view. Carefully consider the voltage and power ratings of the reed switches and on-off switches, to match these with the chosen lightbulbs. Failing this, your trick may demonstrate how none of the switches will activate none of the lightbulbs.

P88. LED or Lamp Flasher

Minimum parts counting

Designed for 3V battery operation

Parts:

R1 33K 1/4W Resistor R2,R3 47R 1/4W Resistors

C1 10µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor D1,(D2 LED(s) (Any type and color) Q1 BC560 45V 100mA PNP Transistor Q2 BC337 45V 800mA NPN Transistor

Notes:

Power supply can vary from 2 to 4.5V. Add D2 to obtain two LED alternate blinking.

D1's on-time is shorter than off-time. The opposite regarding D2. You can also use D2 only, shorting D1.

Don't change resistors' values.

Flashing frequency can be varied changing C1 value from 2.2µF to 100µF and higher.

This circuit is very efficient when driving a 3.2V lamp. In this case omit the LEDs and R3, connecting the lamp at Q2's collector and to positive supply, further reducing parts counting.

P89. Knightrider lights for model cars

This simple circuit drives 6 LEDs in 'Knightrider scanner mode'. Power consumption depends mainly on the type of LEDs used if you use a 7555 (555 CMOS version).

Circuit diagram

Note that VDD and GND for the ICs are not shown in the circuit drawing. Pin-outs: (7)555 1 GND 2 TRIGGER 3 OUTPUT 4 RESET 5 CONTROL VOLTAGE 6 THRESHOLD 7 DISCHARGE 8 VDD

4017 1 Q5 2 Q1 3 Q0 4 Q2 5 Q6 6 Q7 7 Q3 8 GND 9 Q8 10 Q4 11 Q9 12 CO 13 NOT ENABLE 14 CLK 15 RESET 16 VDD

P90. Adjustable Strobe Light

This one uses a much more powerful "horse shoe" Xenon tube which produces more light. You can also control the flash rate up to about 20Hz. Do not look directly at the flash tube when this thing is on!

Circuit diagram

Parts Placement

Parts

R1 250 Ohm 10 Watt Resistor R2 500K Pot

R3 680K 1/4 Watt Resistor D1,D2 1N4004 Silicon Diode C1, C2 22 uF 350V Capacitor C3 0.47uF 400 Volt Mylar Capacitor T1 4KV Trigger Transformer (see "Notes") L1 Flash Tube (see "Notes")

L2 Neon Bulb Q1 106 SCR F1 115V 1A Fuse

Misc Case, Wire, Line Cord, Knob For R2 Notes

1. T1 and L1 are available from The Electronics Goldmine

2. This ciruits is NOT isolated from ground. Use caution when operating without a case. A case is required for normal operation. Do not touch any part of the circuit with the case open or not installed.

3. Most any diodes rated at greater then 250 volts at 1 amp can be used instead of the 1N4004's. 4. Do not operate this circuit at high flash rates for more than about 30 seconds or else C1 and C2 will overheat and explode.