Sistemas de tratamiento de aguas residuales

One of the standing issues in development for the Internet of Things (IoT) is the occurrence of exotic communication protocols for a mobile programmer, with names like XMPP5_,

MQTT6 _{and CoAP}7_{. Smartphone apps need ways to communicate}

using some of these protocols to interact with devices running as IoT. Thankfully some implementations are available such as the Eclipse Paho project which includes an Android client8_.

MQTT can run both over raw TCP/TLS sockets and Websockets, which allows also this format to run inside a web browser.

To be able to interact over low-level TCP and UDP based networking, transport security et cetera, technologies like Chromium sockets (i.e. Berkeley sockets nicely wrapped for javascripters) available as plug-in technology for Apache Cordova needed to be introduced.

Establishing mobile plug-in support also for TLS (Transport Layer Security) is also a step forward towards end-to-end strong security from sensor to mobile device safeguards IoT services from many of the uncertainties that face web services and APIs exposed to the public Internet. Coming from the old embedded world can be scary for an organisation who has been enjoying bespoke networking not sharing cables with anyone, and then in the flash of an instance after connecting a HTTP gateway to the old M2M system, get all the possibilities, horrors and problems that the internet residents have seen

5 xmpp.org/

6 mqtt.org/

7 tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7252

for more than 20 years. Securing the messages, securing the channel is the way to obtain a peace of mind.

So in the wake of learning users more than a this database client, “ löschen und ersetzen durch: “IoT apps proved over time to be more than simple web-based database clients, and will be doing much more than visualising server-side generated data views. A second wave of apps is coming our way in where IoT mobile services o phones converse directly over short-range radio, using low-level IP-based protocols for sensor data and telemetry messaging with a minimum of overhead. The prevail- ing standard here is Bluetooth Smart, which lately has acquired an increased sense of security as well as meshing capabilities. Two of the most interesting application thereof are both chipsets allowing the bluetooth radio to be in announcement (broadcasting) mode and connect services concurrently, which takes Bluetooth as a concept beyond the somewhat limiting one-phone-one-device concept. The other being the open Eddystone bluetooth beacon format, assisting in having users consume contextually relevant

mobile services on location without access to any centralised hub or third party servers. It allows end-users to discover and evaluate services limited to

a geographical area, a service type or system role.

Lean More

— Introductory article comparing IoT protocols:

electronicdesign.com/embedded/understanding-protocols- behind-internet-things

— A Cisco view on IoT Application Protocols: blogs.cisco. com/ioe/beyond-mqtt-a-cisco-view-on-iot-protocols

— Scaling the Internet of Things Video by Yodit Stanton recorded at ODI Summit 2015:

youtube.com/watch?v=MP2HLCNPgJ0

— Eclipse IoT protocols: iot.eclipse.org/protocols.html

— Realtime data with MQTT, video covering MQTT and IoT topics: youtube.com/watch?v=gj8mcn9oWgE

— IoT Demonstration using WebSockets: developer.mbed. org/cookbook/Internet-of-Things-Demonstration

— Vision Mobile report on the IIoT landscape:

Mobile Development & the Internet of Things

To end this chapter in a progressive manner, here are some good starting points, representing some of the stakeholder of the industry, software, hardware, aggregators and service providers.

— Estimotes Blog: estimote.com, Manufacturer of iBeacons and mobile SDK

— Evothings Studio examples and templates:

evothings.com/developer

— IBMs IOT Foundation: internetofthings.ibmcloud.com, IoT cloudware & apps

— IFTTT: ifttt.com, If-This-Then-That - a cloud company connecting events over the internet

— Intel IoT, and the Intel XDK: software.intel.com/en-us/iot, Devtools for microcontrollers and mobile apps

— Parse IoT: parse.com/products, Back-end company with lots of client code & libraries, running on top of Amazon

— Phant by Sparkfun: data.sparkfun.com/, Maker of IoT hardware and accessories, here linking to their nifty IoT server-side backend, perfect for app makers who want to own their own data.

Apps for Wearables

Apps for Wearables

After pioneering work of Metawatch, Pebble and many more companies, Google released Android Wear in spring 2014 and various manufacturers released compatible smartwatches. Sam- sung released a variety of Tizen powered watches and Microsoft brought its Microsoft Band fitness tracker to the market. Apple also unleashed its range of Apple Watches at the end of 2014.

The Ecosystems

Arguably the biggest platforms are Pebble, Android Wear, the Apple Watch and Samsung Tizen. There are also Android stand- alone watches and a whole range of popular activity trackers from companies such as Nike, Jawbone, Fitbit, Misfit, Razer and Microsoft. Many wearables have a lousy track-record when it comes to battery life, which is why a couple of companies such as Martian, Withings or Cogito fuse traditional time- pieces with smart enhancements. Instead of having runtimes that are measured in days, these watches endure six months or more on a single battery.

An interesting development is that the big smartwatch platforms increase the ecosystem lock in. Android smart- watches require a Google certified Android device that comes with Google Mobile Services, so Android Open Source Platform (AOSP) devices won’t do. Samsung Tizen enabled watches work best with Samsung phones and Apple Watch, perhaps unsur- prisingly, requires an iOS device to work correctly.

Interaction wise you have to differentiate between standalone apps that run on your watch and companion apps that run on your phone but display content on your watch. Many smartwatches turn out to be fairly dumb when removing

B

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Apps for Wearables

the connected phone, but with some you can even add a SIM card and make calls using the watch directly.

While there are sobering statistics about declining usage of wearables after they have been purchased, wearables as category have firmly established themselves. So now that you support phones and tablets and possibly PCs, please go ahead and add another form factor to your development plans – and while you are at it, do not forget TVs and cars!