CAPÍTULO III. MARCO TEÓRICO
3.2 Gurús de la calidad
3.2.3 Kaoru Ishikawa
3.2.3.1 Técnicas de Mejoramiento Continuo
which of the following functions?
1. Disperse energy in all directions
2. Detune a transmitter to match the load 3. Guide electrical energy from point to point
4. Replace the antenna in a communications system
3-2. All transmission lines must have two ends, the input end and the output end. What other name is given to the input end?
1. Sending end 2. Generator end 3. Transmitter end 4. Each of the above
3-3. A measurement of the voltage to current ratio (Ein/Iin) at the input end of a
transmission line is called the 1. input-gain rate
2. input impedance 3. output impedance 4. voltage-gain ratio
3-4. Which of the following lines is NOT a transmission medium?
1. Load line 2. Coaxial line 3. Two-wire line 4. Twisted-pair line
3-5. Electrical power lines are most often made of which of the following types of
transmission lines?
1. Twin-lead line 2. Shielded-pair line 3. Two-wire open line 4. Two-wire ribbon line
3-6. Uniform capacitance throughout the length of the line is an advantage of which of the following transmission lines?
1. Coaxial line 2. Twisted pair 3. Shielded pair 4. Two-wire open line
3-7. What is the primary advantage of a rigid coaxial line?
1. Low radiation losses 2. Inexpensive construction 3. Low high-frequency losses 4. Each of the above
3-8. Which of the following wave-guides is seldom used because of its large energy loss characteristics?
1. Metallic 2. Dielectric 3. Elliptical 4. Cylindrical
3-9. To some degree, transmission lines always exhibit which of the following types of
losses?
1. I2R 2. Inductor 3. Dielectric
4. Each of the above
3-10. Skin effect is classified as which of the following types of loss?
1. Copper 2. Voltage 3. Induction 4. Dielectric
3-11. What transmission-line loss is caused by magnetic lines of force not returning to the conductor?
1. Copper 2. Radiation 3. Induction 4. Dielectric
3-12. What is the electrical wave-length of 1 cycle if the frequency is 60 hertz?
1. 125,000 meters 2. 1,250,000 meters 3. 5,000,000 meters 4. 20,000,000 meters
3-13. A transmission line 10 meters in length is considered to be electrically long at which of the following frequencies?
1. 60 kilohertz 2. 600 kilohertz 3. 6 megahertz 4. 60 megahertz
3-14. The conductance value of a transmission line represents which of the following
values?
1. Expected value of current flow through the insulation
2. Expected value of voltage supplied by the transmitter
3. Value of the lump and distributed constants of the line divided by impedance
4. Value of the lump and distributed constants of the line divided by impedance
3-15. Electrical constants in a transmission line are distributed in which of the following ways?
1. Into a single device
2. Along the length of the line
3. According to the thickness of the line 4. According to the cross-sectional area
of the line
3-16. Leakage current in a two-wire transmission line is the current that flows through what component?
1. The resistor 2. The inductor 3. The insulator 4. The conductor
3-17. Conductance is the reciprocal of what electrical property?
1. Inductance 2. Resistance 3. Capacitance 4. Reciprocity
3-18. A transmission line that has current flowing through it has which, if any, of the following fields about it?
1. Electric field only 2. Magnetic field only
3. Both electric and magnetic fields 4. None of the above
3-19. Maximum transfer of energy from the source to the transmission line takes place when what impedance relationship exists between the source and the transmission line?
1. When the load impedance equals source impedance
2. When the load impedance is twice the source impedance
3. When the load impedance is half the source impedance
4. When the load impedance is one-fourth the source impedance
3-20. The characteristic impedance (Z0) of a transmission line is calculated by using which of the following ratios?
1. Rs to Rload of the line
2. Imax to Imin at every point along the line 3. E to I at every point along the line 4. Ein to Eo of the line
3-21. For a given voltage, what determines the amount of current that will flow in a
transmission line?
1. Conductance 2. Spacing of the wires 3. Diameter of the wires 4. Characteristic impedance
3-22. When the impedance of a transmission line is measured, which of the following values frequently is NOT considered?
1. Inductance 2. Resistance 3. Conductance 4. Capacitance
3-23. The characteristic impedance of a long transmission line may be determined by using which of the following methods?
1. Trial and error
2. Calculating the impedance of the entire line
3. Calculating the impedances at each end of the line
4. Adding the impedances of successive short sections
3-24. When should lumped values for transmission-line constants be used to calculate characteristic impedance?
1. When the line is short compared to one wavelength
2. When the line is long compared to one wavelength
3. When the line is infinitely long
3-25. In actual practice, the characteristic impedance of a transmission line is usually within which of the following resistance ranges?
1. 0 to 0.9 ohm 2. 1 to 49 ohms 3. 50 to 600 ohms 4. 601 to 1,000 ohms
3-26. The input impedance of a transmission line is affected by which of the following properties?
1. Radiation loss 2. Series inductance 3. Parallel capacitance 4. Each of the above
3-27. When a dc voltage is applied to a transmission line and the load absorbs all the energy, what is the resulting
relationship between current and voltage?
1. They are in phase with each other 2. They are equal to Z0 of the line 3. They are out of phase with each other 4. They are evenly distributed along the line
3-28. The initial waves that travel from the source to the load of a transmission line are referred to as what type of waves?
1. Incident 2. Refracted 3. Reflected 4. Diffracted
3-29. Waves that travel from the output end to the input end of a transmission line are
referred to as what type of waves?
1. Incident 2. Refracted
3. Reflected 4. Diffracted
Figure 3-A.—Equivalent infinite transmission line.
IN ANSWERING QUESTION 3-30, REFER TO FIGURE 3-A.
3-30. When a dc voltage is applied to the equivalent infinite line in the figure, which of the following conditions occurs along the length of the line?
1. Standing waves of voltage form 2. Standing waves of current form 3. Current flows indefinitely 4. Voltage appears for a short time
Figure 3-B.—Equivalent transmission line.
IN ANSWERING QUESTION 3-31, REFER TO FIGURE 3-B.
3-31. Compared to a dc input, what relative amount of time is required for an ac input voltage to travel the length of the line shown in the circuit?
1. Less 2. Same
3. More
3-32. The instantaneous voltage on an infinite transmission line can be plotted against time by using which of the following instruments?
1. A wavemeter 2. A multimeter 3. An oscilloscope 4. A spectrum analyzer
3-33. On an infinite transmission line with an ac
voltage applied, which of the following is an accurate description of the effective voltage distribution along the line?
1. Voltage is 0 at all points 2. Voltage is constant at all points 3. Voltage varies at a sine-wave rate 4. Voltage varies at double the sine-wave rate
3-34. The velocity of propagation on a transmission line is controlled by which of the following line characteristics?
1. Conductance 2. Inductance only 3. Capacitance only
4. Capacitance and inductance
3-35. The total charge on a transmission line is equal to the current multiplied by which of the following factors?
1. Time 2. Power 3. Voltage 4. Resistance
3-36. With only capacitance and inductance of the line given, the time (T) required for a voltage change to travel down a
transmission line can be found by what formula? The characteristic impedance for