4. ANÁLISIS E INTERPRETACIÓN DE RESULTADOS
4.2. TABULACIÓN DE LOS RESULTADOS DE LA PRUEBA DE ÁLGEBRA APLICADA
While the study investigated the factors affecting women leadership in public primary schools in Mwea Division; Embu County, future research may focus on a comparative study of women leadership in public primary schools and public secondary schools. A further research could also consider factors that need to be managed in order to improve the position of women in leadership in primary schools.
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61 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1: INTRODUCTORY LETTER
Elishoper N. Gideon Kenyatta University Nairobi
The Head teacher ……….. ………….…… ……… Dear Madam,
I am currently enrolled for a degree in Master of Arts in Gender and Development at the Kenyatta University in the field of Leadership. I am researching on the ―FACTORS AFFECTING WOMEN LEADERSHIP IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN MWEA DIVISION, EMBU COUNTY. This study was significance for all persons who are involved in current trends in educational reform and administration. You are one of the respondents identified to participate in this research project. There are no risks for participation and there is no compensation. The study is completely confidential. Your school will remain anonymous in the study. The purpose of this letter is to formally request your permission to conduct this research at your school. Your participation will be mostly appreciated.
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APPENDIX 2: LETTER SEEKING PERMISSION TO CONDUCT RESEARCH IN THE MWEA DIVISION OF EMBU COUNTY
P.O. Box 5 Karaba,
26th October, 2012.
The District Education Officer Mbeere South District
Dear Sir,
RE: PERMISSION TO DO RESEARCH IN THE DISTRICT
I am would like to request your permission to carry out a research project on ‗The Factors affecting women leadership in Public Primary Schools in Mwea Division, Embu County. The research is part of my Master of Arts degree in Gender and Development at Kenyatta University, under the supervision of Professor Elishiba Kimani and Geaffery Wango.
The research aims to explore the female teachers‘ views and perceptions about their experiences in their current leadership positions in primary schools. It will involve interviews with fifteen female primary school head teachers working in public schools.
It is hoped that the findings of this research will shed light on the representation of women in primary school leadership in the district, on women‘s perceptions of leadership and also on suggestions of strategies that can be employed to improve women‘s participation in leadership.
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APPENDIX 3: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR TEACHERS
SECTION A: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESPONDENTS Please thick as appropriate
1. In which age group do you fall?
28-35 36-44
45-55 53-60
2. Marital Status.
Single Married Divorced Others (Please specify) ____________________ 3. What level of education did you attain?
PI Certificate Diploma SI Bachelor Masters Degree Others (Please specify) ________________________
4. What is your gender? Male [ ] female [ ] 5. How long have you been in employment?
……… 6. What is your status in employment?
Head teacher Deputy Head teacher Head of a Subject Senior Teacher
Others (please specify)___________________________ 7. How would you rate your position in the organization?
Managerial staff Non managerial staff A teacher Others (Please specify) _________________
8. Do women face difficulties when they occupy managerial positions? Yes No
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If yes, which type of the following difficulties do they face?
Sexual Discrimination Family and work conflict Stereotyping Glass ceiling All the above
9. Do women encounter issues of sexual harassment at the work place? Yes No If yes, in what forms do they appear
________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
SECTION B: PERCEPTIONS AND ATTITUDES OF TEACHERS TOWARDS FEMALE LEADERS
Please tick the most appropriate answer
10. If you were asked to choose between two qualified individuals, whom would you prefer to be your head teacher
Man Women Not sure Please state reasons
________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
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Please tick as appropriate the extent to which you agree or disagree to the following statements. Using appropriate scale from 1= strongly agree; 2= agree; 3=neither agree nor disagree 4= Disagree 5= strongly disagree
Statement 5 4 3 2 1
11 Women mostly occupy lower occupation grades than men. 12 Women praise for a job well done is of more value than men‘s.
13 Women are said to be their own enemies and are jealous of each other.
14 Women‘s praise for a job well done is of more value. 15 Women demonstrate the same leadership style as men do 16 Women show the same aggressiveness and drive to get ahead in
their careers that
17 Manager‘s gender is important in determining how much one enjoys his/her work
18 Personal appearance and attractiveness of a female manager affect ones acceptance of her leadership
19 Women demonstrate the same professional expertise and job know how as men do.
SECTION C: THE POLICIES AND PRACTICES THAT GOVERN
RECRUITMENTAPPOINTMENT AND PROMOTION OF PRIMARY SCHOOL LEADERS
20. Is there Government policies and practices that govern recruitment, appointment and promotion of primary school leaders in Kenya?
Yes No
If yes which are these policies?
_________________________________________________________________
21. How have these policies and practices contributed to the current achievements in recruitment, appointment and promotion of primary school leaders in Kenya?
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SECTION D: BARRIERS AND HINDRANCES THAT WOMEN ENCOUNTER IN THEIR QUEST TO GET TO TOP LEADERSHIP POSITIONS IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN KENYA
Please tick as appropriate and give the answer to appropriate questions in the space provided where necessary
22. Do women face difficulties when they occupy managerial positions? Yes No
23. If yes, what type of difficulties do they face?
Sexual Discrimination Family and work conflict Stereotyping Glass ceiling Sexual Harassment All the above 24. Do women encounter issues of sexual harassment at the work place? Yes No
If yes, in what cause do they appear?
________________________________________________________________________ 25. To your understanding, which of the following constitutes gender stereotyping? Women cannot be dependent on to make objective business decisions.
Women are not committed to their jobs Women are not as capable as men. Women cannot work under stress.
Women cannot handle continuous hard work.
PLEASE TICK AS APPROPRIATE FOR QUESTION 26 AND 27 USING RANGES FROM 1= SMALLEST UP TO 5= HIGHEST
26. Are there any incidences or issues of sexual harassment at your work place? None at all Very Seldom Seldom
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27. Issues of work and family conflict emerge or surface when I find it difficult to juggle between my work and family roles I feel guilty for not spending enough time with my family
I have made a lot of sacrifices (e.g. Social family) in my career advancement.
My family responsibilities usually prevent me from responding to urgent work duties. All the above
28. In your opinion what are the major barriers and hindrances facing women in leadership.
________________________________________________________________________ 29. Whose criticism would make you more be anxious about your leadership?
A. Women B. Men C. Both D. None
SECTION E: POSSIBLE STRATEGIES THAT CAN BE USED TO ENHANCE WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOL LEADERSHIP IN KENYA.
Please tick as appropriate and give the answer to appropriate questions in the space provided where necessary
30. Which of the following is the most important mentor support all women in leadership should have?