2 See Appraisal Task Force (2001), “Appendix 4: Selection Function Model,” in Long-Term Preservation of Authentic Electronic Records: Findings from the InterPARES Project, Luciana Duranti, ed. 9 For a summary of the intellectual organization of the project, see http://www.interpares.org/ip2/ip2_intellectual_organization.cfm. The Domain 3 working group will use the knowledge gained during the case studies..17.
Summaries of the case studies are available on the InterPARES 2 website18 and in the Focus Task Force Report.
Template for Case Studies Analysis
The June 2001 draft report, entitled "Survey of Conservation Practices and Plans," is available as a draft appendix to the Conservation Task Force's final report at. This process provided a more detailed understanding of the conservation strategies being researched and measured the progress that had been made in this period. 41 See, for example, the strategy used by the creator in case study 14, in which copies of GIS data and related data.
Case study 26 (MOST Satellite Mission) states that "[s]ince MOST scientists mostly work with custom software, one of the problems associated with their work is the preservation of the software. A more concise overview of this particular activity is also found in the Domain 2 Task Force Report section “A strategy for preventing technological obsolescence of an artistic work.” The custom-built software used to process satellite data in case study 26 (MOST Satellite Mission) is a good example of the latter .
Further analysis in InterPARES 2 revealed that, when stored and managed as a document, the stored digital component(s) of a manifested digital document collectively constitute a stored digital document. For example, InterPARES 2 distinguishes two subclasses of digital documents: 'stored digital documents', the encoding of a digital document within a system;97 and 'manifested digital documents', a stored digital document that is visualized in a form suitable for presentation. either to a person (i.e. in human readable form) or to a computer system (i.e. in machine language). Thus, in such cases, a stored digital document qualifies as a document because it is intended to be used, and can be used, to reproduce a manifested digital document.98.
The analysis of the InterPARES 2 case studies showed that the manifested digital record does not necessarily correspond to the stored digital record. Thus, a stored digital record is defined as a record because it meets the definition of a record, regardless of whether it participates in the production of other records or provides a means of reproducing the manifested digital record. Thus, the digital components of a stored digital record may be a subset of a stored file, a set of stored files, or different data elements obtained from different files.
98 In most, but not all cases, the possibility of the reproduction of the manifested digital record is in fact the primary purpose of keeping the stored digital record, while the manifested record is reproduced to communicate information to persons or other systems ( Duranti and Thibodeau, "The Concept of Record," op. cit., 51). However, it is important to understand that a stored digital record cannot be used for the purpose for which the manifested digital record is reproduced. In fact, many steps may be required to process the digital component(s) to output the manifested digital record in its required human-readable form.
Thus, it can be said that the purpose of the preserved digital record is not to achieve the dispositive, supporting, or narrative purpose of the (human-readable) record, but to enable the production of authentic copies of that record. Called “bounded variability” within the field of computer and information science, the concept describes an environment where “variation in the form and/or content of a digital record .
Indeed, a record, such as an enabling prospective record - or, depending on the circumstances, perhaps also a more "traditional" retroactive record - that need only be "presented" and used in binary code form to achieve its purpose, is likely to require preservation measures other than either a retrospective or an instructive prospective record which, to achieve its purpose, must be reproduced in its manifested digital form for presentation to a person. A second paradigmatic shift of the InterPARES 2 research affecting digital preservation is, as discussed earlier, related to the stronger differentiation that now exists in a digital environment between retrospective and prospective records, and especially those that have an enabling role in the (re)production of another record. In particular, enabling prospective records presents unique preservation challenges due to the strict requirement that they be maintained in the systems in which they were created - or in systems with identical functionality - to preserve their ability to produce or enable the interactions. make, retain, experiences, performances or other processes that they were intended to generate.
Although the bitstream encoding of the stored digital components of retrospective and educational prospective records held to represent manifested digital records can in many cases be converted from one format to another (eg .doc to .pdf) without changing the ability of the manifested digital record to achieve its purpose,109 the bitstream of an enabling record must be preserved in its original form for the record to achieve its purpose. A third paradigmatic shift relates to the concept of bounded variability and its impact on our understanding of manifested digital records. In particular, this new concept enriches the concept of the manifested record to include any and all types of variability of form and content that are specific to the record (i.e. represent the author's intent) and that are governed by fixed rules or instructions.110 .
The accurate and authentic reproduction of documents generated by interactive, experiential, and dynamic systems will require increasingly sophisticated metadata (and/or metadata management) to document the creator's intent(s), or the limitations on that intent imposed by imperfections in the available information. technology.111 New types of hardware dependencies will have to be overcome. New methods will need to be defined to confirm the successful identification and preservation of digital records, especially in cases where the successful reproduction of content and documentary form in a human-readable format (i.e. manifested digital records) is no longer the goal of the preservation process. 111 For a comprehensive analysis of the requirements and context of practice for metadata related to establishing reliability and authenticity, as well as the long-term preservation and potential reusability of digital records, see the Cross-domain Task Force Report Description.
Identifying and managing the hardware and software necessary to process all digital components into the formats required for them to fulfill their function(s) as records and/or as components of stored and/or manifested digital data. Applying the appropriate software and, if necessary, hardware, to each component to reproduce the digital record manifested by the stored digital record and/or to process the stored digital record in cases where the stored digital record is also an enabling record.
Much of the InterPARES 2 research revealed the critical absence of tools needed to ensure the preservation of digital records. 3 See Appendix [1b] for a more detailed discussion of the elements of the Benchmark and Basic Requirements to Support the Presumption of Authenticity of Electronic Documents, from InterPARES 1. Are there policies that should be put in place to facilitate review and retention? .
Identify any of the maintenance strategies in Section A that are not being implemented or are being prevented by the existing record keeping system. The limitations of the diplomatic record model, as elaborated in the Proposal for Analysis, are primarily due to the fact that the model was built on the premises of general diplomacy. Such an approach would begin by analyzing the various features of the systems themselves and the wider record-keeping environment in their own terms, with all their idiosyncrasies, variations and anomalies; and start building a more general framework based on this analysis.7.
A document exists if the fact about which it relates can be confirmed, and it is established by examining its completeness. Accuracy refers to the truthfulness of the document's content and can only be determined through content analysis. In administrative and legal documents, this is usually inferred based on the degree of reliability of the documents, and is only verified if this degree is very low.
The volatility of the digital medium, the ease of change, editing, and the difficulty of version control all make it more difficult to assume accuracy on a traditional basis.11. Instead, abbreviated versions of the InterPARES 1 Benchmark and Basic Requirements can be found in Appendices 22a and 22b respectively.
PRESERVER GUIDELINES Preserving Digital Records: Guidelines for
The assessment report must document the controls put in place by the originator to guarantee the identity and integrity of the records and therefore the presumption of their authenticity. A successful transfer from the current custodian of the records (whether original creator or legal successor) to the organization or program that assumes long-term responsibility. Alternatively, new methods of preservation may have been developed after the acquisition and initial processing of the records.
Such transparency is necessary for the effective fulfillment of the custodian's role as a trusted custodian of the records. The benchmark requirements are the conditions that serve as the basis for the conservator's assessment of the authenticity of the creator's electronic records. Meeting these benchmark requirements will enable the conservator to infer the authenticity of a record based on the manner in which the records were created, handled and maintained by the creator.
3 The name of the natural or legal person who has the authority and capacity to articulate the content of the record. 14 Technical changes are any changes to the digital components of a record as defined by the Preservation Task Force. The credibility of the creator's records is assessed as part of the evaluation process.
This process and the role of benchmark requirements in it are described in more detail in the "Appraisal Task Force Report." This assessment should be verified when the archives are transferred to the conservator's custody. In many cases, certain attributes (eg expression of the archive binding) were not captured at all. The authentication of copies differs from the validation of the process of reproduction of the digital components of the records.
Such transparency is necessary to effectively fulfill the custodian's role as a trusted custodian of records.
