The TELUS Stadium is part of a large-scale project, the regional expansion project of the PEPS sports building at Université Laval. ID-40: Non-Destructive Determination of the Inner Ring Wood Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity for Black Spruce and Jack Pine, Wassim Kharrat*, Ahmed Koubaa, Mohamed Khlif & Chedly Bradai, Canada. Presentation of the history of Quebec City and the historic site of the Terrace by D.
10:40 a.m. Visit of the Anglican Cathedral of the Holy Trinity (10 minute walk to the Petit Séminaire de Québec) 11:30 a.m. Inner courtyard of the Petit Séminaire de Québec. Émile Gilbert is one of the contemporary architects responsible for revitalization projects in the central districts of the Quebec capital. A resident of Quebec City's historic district since 1976, he is heavily involved in heritage preservation issues.
He is the chairman of the Holy Trinity Cathedral Foundation – the first Anglican cathedral built outside the British Isles. He is an elected fellow of the International Academy of Wood Science (IAWS) and Associate Editor of the Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering (ASCE).
Nondestructive Characterization of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
Static bending tests to measure modulus of elasticity (MOEST) or wood stiffness provide an indicator of the structural performance of a finished product. For value-creating use, material modeling and product optimization are required, and therefore knowledge of the elastic properties of oil palm wood. However, until now - apart from the Young's modulus parallel to the vascular bundles - the elastic properties of oil palm wood are not known and the lack of radial-tangential anisotropy has only been assumed [Killmann and Lim 1985].
The findings of the investigation - the lack of correlation between mass density and sound speed when flat probes are used - raise new research questions about the applicability of this method from a material model perspective. Preliminary analysis of the results suggests the possibility that the NI technique can be used to estimate MC with an accuracy equal to that of CT-based techniques. Near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy was used to determine the acoustic velocity and strength properties of pine trees in the southern coastal plains of the United States.
In-Forest Wood Quality Assessments
Partial harvesting removes the oldest and largest shade-intolerant deciduous trees, which improves the ecological perspective of the forest by increasing the chances of survival and good growth of shade-tolerant conifers, while maintaining the economic value of the operation. The proper management of raw materials in the pulp and paper industry influences the resources to be used at each stage of the production chain, as edaphoclimatic factors and the inherent characteristics of each clone interact with the final quality of the wood produced. Thus, based on non-destructive testing in three different clones of the genus Eucalyptus, the aim of this work was to identify which variable has the greatest importance for the prediction model to distinguish two edaphoclimatic plant conditions.
Among the available algorithms, a random forest was used to create class prediction models, which provides the rank of the attributes that had the greatest importance in the obtained model. Descriptive statistical analysis cooperated with the knowledge of data distribution in both regions and in this work it was possible to observe the interference of edaphoclimatic characteristics in the performed tests. Therefore, new field and laboratory tests will be carried out to understand the dynamics of the relationship between wood properties, non-destructive tests and edaphoclimatic properties.
The diameter at breast height (DBH) had a negative influence on the MOE in the longitudinal direction of the fiber, showing highly significant differences between the natural and planted forests. We monitored the acoustic velocity of the fallen trees periodically for 12 consecutive months using a time-of-flight (TOF) acoustic method. Tree density, age and the diameter at breast height (dbh) class measurement for the south (Chip-n-saw for dbh 8-11 in. and Sawtimber with dbh 12 in. and up) were used as predictive parameters for the felled trees. The results indicated positive correlations between the tree's dbh class, stand age and all acoustic velocity measurements (R2 > 65%), except for the longitudinal measurement technique (R2 = 45%).
The regression coefficient from the repeated measures indicated that both age and diameter class have a large influence on the acoustic properties of the felled trees (P-value < 0.000). The anatomical and mechanical properties of tracheids vary within the tree, which ultimately affects the utilization of the wood. ERT as a non-destructive tool can capture the complete assembly of the internal structure of the standing tree without harming the eternal health of the tree.
The economic value can be defined as the monetary value of a tree at a given point in time with the expectation that benefit will accrue from it, and the valuation of the tree can be estimated using three-dimensional ERT technology by measuring the internal formation of the wood and to decipher his health.
NDE for Urban Trees
NDE of Sawn Logs for Optimal Utilization
Dry density from increment kernels accounted for a moderate percentage of variance (60%), while green density recorded a low percentage of variance (42%) from multiple linear regression (MLR) of the reduced density trait model. The results of the acoustic model showed that NIR spectroscopy has a potentially useful role in measuring the acoustic velocity and strength properties of downy trees; however, further development of the method is still required to achieve acceptable accuracy. The importance of the urban forest is undeniable when considering its associated benefits for achieving sustainable urban development.
Knowledge of the plant health status of trees helps prevent accidents and is particularly important in an urban context. Influence of the method of obtaining coordinates for contour of irregular discs in tomographic images. To apply the technique using the measuring grid, it is necessary to obtain coordinates for the contour of the stem.
The reliability of this new technique has been significantly improved in recent years by the introduction of new statistical tools and approaches in the evaluation of the measurement results. A number of tree specimens were selected in the Botanical Gardens of Sopron University, Hungary, including both broadleaved and conifers. For this purpose, mechanical properties of the logs and factors influencing them must be determined.
Such wood defects are a well-known feature of trunk wood of the Abies genus and are usually found in the heartwood core of older trees. Their water content is much higher than that of the adjacent normal wood, and the MC is found to be even higher than that of water-saturated sapwood. High-resolution X-ray-based computed tomography (CT) was found to be suitable for detection and analysis of moisture distribution in trees and tree trunks.
The analysis of the logs and their CT scans demonstrated the potential of CT scans for the further optimization of wood processing based on the overall wetwood level (up to 30% volumetric fraction). Of the 79 trees sampled for this study, 48 were from two mature genetic trials (Baskatong, Quebec; Petawawa, Ontario), while 31 trees were from a younger Nelder spacing trial (Woodstock, New Brunswick). Some sawmills use CT scanners before the cutting line to determine the optimal positioning of the log in the saw, to maximize the value return from the sawn products.
The aim of the present study is to investigate how the method can be adapted to CT scans of tree trunks before sawing. The harvesters' variation in top diameter and length measurement was generally equal to or lower than that of the log scanners.
Advanced Grading Technologies for Solid Wood and Engineered Wood Products
Condition Assessment of Historic Wood Artifacts and Structures
The dynamic mechanical properties of wood were determined by analyzing the longitudinal and bending vibrations of freely supported samples and the transit time of compression and surface ultrasonic waves. The speed of sound and the modulus of elasticity (MOE) determined at longitudinal oscillation (vL, EL) and bulk ultrasonic wave velocity (vUSB, EUSB) were independent of the length of the test piece. In contrast, the MOE decreased with sample shortening when we analyzed the transverse vibration (EB) method and measured the velocity of surface ultrasound waves (vUSS, EUSS).
By testing the full rated length of the timber in tension, the region of lowest strength will begin failure. This method makes much better use of the E measurement sequence than the usual MSR measurement process. In addition, the effects of defects such as pinholes and insect bites on the mechanical performance of the specimens were investigated.
However, in the presence of internal decay, the directional dependence of the dielectric qualities decreases. With increase in the ultrasonic wave velocity loss, mass loss increased linearly and the compressive strength decreased curvilinearly in the three directions. In this regard, a preliminary case study based on the stern of the Quanzhou Bay Song wooden shipwreck, China is presented.
The moisture content (MC) is one of the most important factors for mechanical properties and damage types of wood. Sixty-eight hidden or partially wooden columns in the Great Hall, East Hall and West Hall of the building complex were used as research objects. Decay occurred mainly at the base of the wooden columns, and the severity of decay decreased with height.
This study introduces and evaluates a modified setting calculation approach that adjusts the quality settings of the batch to be evaluated. Non-destructive detection and three-dimensional mapping of the root system of ancient camphor based on ground-penetrating radar. The root system, as one of the important organs of old trees, provides important support and exchange of substances with the soil.
The result showed the effectiveness of the scheme in root detection and its 3D structure mapping. Therefore, to compare the mechanical stability of the studied species in urban and peri-urban forests, static pulling tests were carried out.
