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ÍJVDEX OF SUBJECTS
constraintbasedapproach, 113,114.
Constructive Dialogue Model, 223.
contextspacegrammar, 222.
conversation
action view, 198, 199, 234, 260,
266, 342.as basic setting, 194196.
closings, 307308. See also Con
versational Grammar Sys
tems.
coherence, 212, 223, 261, SOS
SOS, 310, 315, 329, 340, 347.See also Conversational Gram
mar Systems.
formal account, 304.
descriptive models, 305.
generative models, 305.
strategic account, 304.
context, 195,198,199, 203,211,
222, 223, 228, 230232, 236,
239244,249,251,252,254
256, 258, 261, 262268, 270
273,275,276,278,279,289,
290, 292, 298, 300302, 305,
309, 313, 314, 317, 340, 342.See also Conversational Gram
mar Systems.
cognitive, 231, 232, 243.
linguistic, 231, 243.
physical, 231, 243.
semantic, 230, 231, 243.
social, 231, 232, 243.
corrections, 338340.
definition, 201204.
features, 207209.
speakers, 198, 249250. See also
Conversational Grammar Sys
tems.
units, 204207.
Conversation Analysis, 212214, 219,
221, 234, 282.Conversational Grammar Systems
action, 245247, 252, 254, 255,
262266.
active agent, 267269, 272, 273,
284, 290, 293295, 309311,
332, 335.adjacency pairs, 300303, 329.
closings, 308317.
coherence, 305307.
context, 244249.
derivation modes, 284, 287, 293
295, 330,.331, 335, 343, 347.
dynamism and emergence, 276
279.evolution step, 271.
formal definitions, 318326.
internal control, 289, 291, 292,
294,295,329,330,331,333,
334, 343, 347.
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566
ÍNDEX OF SUBJECTS
intentionplanbased approach, 219. structural approach, 219. dialogue obligations, 299303, 347. discourse expectations, 298, 300303. discourse grammar, 221, 223. Distributed Artificial Intelligence, 20, 21, 22.distribution, 20, 65, 7881, 86, 97,
98, 101, 103, 128, 139, 146,
184, 185.
in text analysis, 80. DIT, 220, 229234, 243, 260, 262. DualInheritance Theory, 378. EcoGrammar Systems, 21, 5260, 86, 146, 193, 198, 199, 235 237, 255,.272, 341344, 356, 359, 365, 467, 475, 477,487, 514. See also Conversational Grammar Systems. EcoRewriting Systems, 193, 237, 341, 350. emergent functionality, 20, 86. Ethnomethodology, 200, 211, 212. evolution rates of, 360, 400402, 406, 465. Evolutionary Computation, 356, 360, 364, 401. Formal Language Theory, 1, 2, 7, 15, 19, 21, 61, 87, 95, 193, 235,238,311,408,432,433, 467, 470. geneculture interaction, 358, 376 380. GeneCulture Transmission Model, 379. Generative Grammar, 107, 108, 111, 112,114,116,118,120,133. genetic mediation, 395, 466. GPSG, 160. grammar Chomsky grammar, 16. contextfree, 16. contextsensitive, 16. purecontextfree, 17. regular, 16. semiconditional, 17. grammatically, 104, 108, 117118, 142.HPSG, 160.
hierarchically, 104, 107, 110111,
121,126,128,138,481,482.
See also Linguistic Gram
mar Systems.
homomorphism, 16.
interaction, 24, 53, 58, 65, 72, 73,
76, 80, 8187, 97, 98, 101
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INDEX OF SUBJECTS
567
103,111,121,122,128,139, 152,196,198,199, 206,473 475, 480482, 484. in Linguistic Grammar Systems, See Linguistic Grammar Sys tems. morphology & syntax, 149. syntax & phonology, 149. syntax & semantics, 150152. interactive pressures, 298.568
INDEX OF SUBJECTS
Modular Grammar, 73, 115, 120.
modularity, 21, 65, 86, 97, 98, 101,
104,121,122,126,128,137,
139. ¿tee also Linguistic Gram
mar Systems,
external, 71.
in Cognitive Science, 6672.
in phonology, 147.
in Linguistics, 7275.
in morphology, 147.
in NLP, 7576.
in pragmatics, 147.
in semantics, 147.
in syntax, 146, 147.
internal, 72.
Representational Modularity, 70
71, 128.monostratalism, 113.
Montague Grammar, 113.
MultiAgent Systems, 1921, 53, 61.
in conversation, 220, 225229,
342.Natural Language Processing
blackboard models, 83.
connectionist network, 84.
hierarchical systems, 83.
interleaved processing, 151.
parallel models, 82.
serial models, 82.
tandem processing, 152.
Networks of Language Processors,
61, 62.noncontextfree structures
crossserialdependencies, 89, 92
94.multipleagreements, 89, 9192.
reduplication, 8991.
Parallel Distributed Processing, 82.
parallelism, 20, 22, 25, 36, 37, 39,
65, 8185, 87, 97, 98, 101,
104, 121, 126, 128,139. See
also Linguistic Grammar Sys
tems.
pattern, 48.
PCGS, 22, 36, 3944, 53, 60, 62, 85,
141, 143145, 148, 152,153,
155,183,185,509.
with communication by command,
4652, 513.
with gsm, 158.
with prefix communication, 156.
with renaming, 4446, 158, 186,
511.with separated alphabets, 145,
146, 185.preference organization, 298, 300,
301.prefix, 16.
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INDEX OF SUBJECTS
569
proper prefix, 16.
reactive pressures, 243, 298, 300 303, 347.
redundancy, 108, 109, 116117, 127, 128.
Relational Grammar, 160.
Role and Reference Grammar, 160. sequence, 15.
set, 15.
social laws, 416418, 424, 452, 466. Society of mind, 80.
speech act, 195, 215218, 223, 224, 233, 260, 262.
illocutionary act, 216, 233. locutionary act, 216, 233. perlocutionary act, 216.
substitution, 16, 104, 108, 112, 114, 138, 142.
subsumption architectures, 61, 86. suffix, 16.
proper suffix, 16.
syntactocentrism, 104, 107, 108110, 124, 128, 137, 481, 482. See also Linguistic Grammar Sys tems.
TALISMAN, 80.
turntaking system, 242, 261, 279
283,296,297,315,329,334,
337, 340. See also Conver sational Grammar Systems, unification, 114, 135, 138.
word, 15.
Index
Ahinoja, E.O., 361. Abraham, S., 23. Ahrenherg, L., 223. Aitchison, J., 446, 447. Alexander, R.D., 380. Allen, D., 202. Allen, J., 75, 150, 219, 224, 225, 229, 241. Allwood, J., 202, 299. Altman, G., 76. Anderson, B., 262, 279. Arhid, M.A., 70. Atanasiu, A., 23. Austin, J.L., 215218. Back, T., 360. Baker, M.C., 149. Banik, I., 61. Bargatzky, Th., 374, 390. BarHillel, Y., 89, 94. Béais, K.L., 388. ter Beek, M., 38, 506. Belew, R.K.,401, 402. Belin, A., 401. Bernardi, B., 403, 404. Bever, T.G., 446. Bordihn, H., 27, 350. Boyd, R., 361, 369, 370, 372, 378, 383, 385, 386, 389, 390,392. Brenzinger, M., 446. Bresnan, J., 89, 94. Brooks, R.A., 61, 86. Brown, W., 361. Bunt, H., 220, 229234, 242246, 260 262, 298, 339, 345. Button, G., 212, 214. Campbell, L., 446, 447. Carletta, J., 205. Carr, G.F., 446. CavalliSforza, L.L., 361, 365, 372, 383,386,388,390,391,401, 403. Chelliah, S.L., 128. Chi^u, A., 45. Chomsky, N., 6973, 88, 108, 109, 112, 116, 160.570
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572
INDEX OF NAMES
Gessler, N., 364.
Gibbs, R., 196, 197, 203, 240.
Goldberg, J.A., 305.
Goodenough, W.H., 371, 372, 391,
414, 445, 448, 461, 468.Grau, B., 80, 220, 227, 228.
Graubard, M., 403.
Grice, H.P., 197, 215, 217, 218.
Grosz, B.J., 219, 220, 223, 231, 250.
Guy, R.F., 202.Haas, J., 403.
Hammel, U., 360.
Harnish, R.M., 74.
Harris, A.C., 446, 447.
Hazlehurst, B., 371.
Heritage, J., 212, 213, 253.
Higginbotham, J., 89.
Hoijer, H., 446, 448.
Holmes, J., 447.
Holzer, M., 60.
Horn, L.R., 147.
Hutchins, E., 371.
Irigold, T., 404.
Jackendoff, R., 6971, 74, 85, 104,
107110, 113115, 119, 128,
129, 131134, 136140, 147,
154, 159, 160, 184.Jackson, S., 203, 204.
Jacobbs, S., 203, 204.
Jefferson, G., 195, 205, 208, 212,
280, 281, 283, 288, 338.Jokinen, K., 219, 223.
Jònsson, A., 219, 222, 223.
Joshi, A., 96.
Kamp, H., 231.
KarmiloffSmith, A., 77.
Kasner, A., 147.
Kathman, D., 128.
Keesing, R.M., 369.
Kelemen, J., 7, 27, 46, 53, 54, 60,
61, 513.Kelemenova, A., 53, 54, 60, 61.
Kelso, A.J., 388.
Kluchholm, C., 368.
Komisarjevsky, L., 76, 77.
Korta, K., 262.
Kroeber, A.L., 368.
Labov, W., 446.
Lamarck, 384.
Langendoen, D.T., 446.
Langton, C.G., 53, 364.
Lapalme, G., 203, 220, 225, 227.
Larrazabal, J.M., 262.
Lass, R., 446, 448.
Law, P., 149.Lee, J.R.E., 239, 279.
Leech, G.N., 241.
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574
INDEX OF NAMES
Rozenberg, G., 15, 21, 23, 25, 27, 36, 38, 44, 52, 60, 62, 97, 149, 489, 505.Rumelhart, D.E., 82.
Sabah, G., 75, 80, 220, 227, 228. Sacks, H., 195, 205, 208, 212, 252, 253,280,281,283,288,296, 297, 302304, 336. Sadock, J.M., 7375, 85, 104, 107, 110, 111, 113,116,117,119 127, 137, 139, 160. Sakai, K., 227. Salomaa, A., 15, 61, 62. S antean, L., 39. Savitch, W.J., 88. Schegloff, E., 195, 205, 208, 212, 280,281,283,288,296,297, 302, 303. Schiffrin, D., 195. Schiller, E., 119. Schneider, R.H., 128. Schwefel, H.P., 360. Sciullo, A.M., 73. Searle, J.R., 198, 215218, 253, 259. Shamir, E., 89, 94. Sharrock, W., 262, 279. Shieber, S.M., 89, 92. Shoham, Y., 416, 418. Sidner, C.L., 219, 220, 223, 231, 250. Simon, H.A., 19. Smith, G.W., 81, 150152. Sperber, D., 147. Stefanini, M.H., 80. Stein, L.A., 76. Steinberg, E., 119. Stillings, N., 66. Stonier, T., 373, 398, 401. Stump, G.T., 128. Tennenholtz, M., 391, 414, 416418. Thomas, P., 214. Thurée, A., 223. Tracy, K., 304. Tylor, E.B., 368. VanValin, R.D.,160, 161. Vaszil, Gy., 63. Vermeersch, E., 368, 369, 403. Vilnat, A., 80, 220, 227, 228. Wall, R.E., 113. Wardhaugh, R., 195, 197, 201, 203, 241, 253. Warren, K., 393. Weinberg/A., 147. Wilson, D., 147. Wilson, E., 379. Wilson, J., 203.UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI
GRAMMAR SYSTEMS: A FORMAL-LANGUAGE-THEORETIC FRAMEWORK FOR LINGUISTICS AND CULTURAL EVOLUTION Maria Dolores Jiménez López
INDEX OF NAMES
Wood, D., 15.
Woodbury, A.C., 128. Wooffitt, R., 212. Yagisawa, T., 227. Zannoni, E., 361. Zwicky, A.M., 149, 150.
List of Figures
0.1 Overview of Parts 10 2.1 EcoGrammar System 55 6.1 Autolexical Syntax 122 6.2 The Tripartite Parallel Architecture 130 7.1 Linguistic Grammar System 162 13.1 Conversational Grammar Systems: Context 247 13.2 Conversational Grammar Systems: Speakers 257 13.3 Conversational Grammar System 260 13.4 Conversational Grammar Systems 327 19.1 Cultures and Genetic System: Separate Environments 388 19.2 Adding the Environment 389 19.3 Subcultures . 392 19.4 Cultural Influence on Biology 395 19.5 Genetic Influence on Culture 396 19.6 Influences on Agents 400 19.7 Changing the Environments . . . ' . 408 19.8 Cultural Grammar System 441 21.1 Future Relationships in Cultural Grammar Systems . . . . 469
577
UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI
GRAMMAR SYSTEMS: A FORMAL-LANGUAGE-THEORETIC FRAMEWORK FOR LINGUISTICS AND CULTURAL EVOLUTION Maria Dolores Jiménez López
List of Figures
0.1 Overview of Parts 10 2.1 EcoGrammar System , 55 6.1 Autolexical Syntax 122 6.2 The Tripartite Parallel Architecture 130 7.1 Linguistic Grammar System . 162 13.1 Conversational Grammar Systems: Context 247 13.2 Conversational Grammar Systems: Speakers 257 13.3 Conversational Grammar System 260 13.4 Conversational Grammar Systems 327 19.1 Cultures and Genetic System: Separate Environments 388 19.2 Adding the Environment 389 19.3 Subcultures 392 19.4 Cultural Influence on Biology 395 19.5 Genetic Influence on Culture . 3 9 6 19.6 Influences on Agents 400 19.7 Changing the Environments . . . 408 19.8 Cultural Grammar System 441 21.1 Future Relationships in Cultural Grammar Systems . . . . 469
434
CHAPTER 19. CULTURAL GRAMMAR SYSTEMS
• evolution is represented by derivation steps performed by pure context
free rules in a OL fashion;
• each agent belongs to exactly one subcultural system and one cultural
system;
• relation of cultural system with its subcultural systems is the following:
the string representing state of cultural system contains as a subword
the concatenation of strings representing its subcultural system, where
subcultural states are concatenated in the order of growing indices.
Definition 19.3.1
By a Cultural Grammar System of degree n, where n > 1,
(CGsystem, for short) we mean an n + 2tuple
S = (E, G,
where
— VE is an alphabet,
— PE is a complete finite set of contextfree rules overVg,
G=(V
G,P
G],
— Va is an alphabet,
P
G= pi U P
G, where
(i) PG, is a complete finite set of pure contextfree rules over al
phabet VQ and,
UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI
GRAMMAR SYSTEMS: A FORMAL-LANGUAGE-THEORETIC FRAMEWORK FOR LINGUISTICS AND CULTURAL EVOLUTION Maria Dolores Jiménez López
19.3. BRINGING TOGETHER PICTURE & DEFINITIONS
435
(ii) PQ, is a finite set of rules where each rule is of the form e*i,. ..,«„ :
where on € V¿., 1 < i < n, and A —> v is a pure contextfree rule over VG
where
KÍ r 5
Aijk = (Vijh) Pijk,
1 < i < n, 1 < j < r¿, 1 <
fe< 5,j,
where* Vijk is the alphabet of the agent,
* Pijk is a complete finite set of pure contextfree rules over al
phabet Vijk, ;
* Rfjf. is a finite set of pure contextfree rules over alphabet VE, * Ríjk zs a fin^e set of pure contextfree rules over alphabet Vc1,,
E". .
* R^jk is a finite set of pure contextfree rules over alphabet Va,,
*
* x x
436
CHAPTER 19. CULTURAL GRAMMAR SYSTEMS
• E represents the environment. VE is the alphabet of environmental string and P% is the set of evolution rules of E.
• G formalizes genetic system, VG is its alphabet, and PG is the set of evo lution rules. PQ contains basic evolution rules, while PQ describes how cultural systems can constrain genetic evolution. Since PQ is complete, cultural influence is a weak one.
• Cj represents ith cultural system with subcultural system K^,..., Ktr..
• KÍJ is jth subcultural system of cultural system d with agents AÍJI, . . . , AÍJS{J .
• Aijk is fcth agent of subcultural system KÍJ and cultural system (7»; Vijk is the alphabet of fcth agent; P^j, is the set of evolution rules of the agent; Rjjjk is a set of rules that describe actions which can be performed
by the agent on the environment; R^k is a set of rules that describe
action rules that can be used by the agent in order to modify current state of cultural system GÍ] RÍJ'¿ are action rules that agent can use to modify current state of subcultural system] tfyk determines, according to current states of environment and genetic system, which rules can be used at that moment in agent evolution] </>^fc determines, according agent current state, the set of action rules from which agent can choose one to apply on environmental state at that moment; $jk determines,
according to current states of agent, cultural system C¿, and subcultural system KÍJ , the set of action rules from which agent can select one to perform an action on cultural system C¿; «j^J? determines, according to current states of agent, cultural system Ci, and subcultural system KÍJ, the set of action rules from which agent can select one to perform an action on subcultural system KÍJ.
The above definition provides a static description of Cultural Grammar System. Its dynamics is done by changing its states.
UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI
GRAMMAR SYSTEMS: A FORMAL-LANGUAGE-THEORETIC FRAMEWORK FOR LINGUISTICS AND CULTURAL EVOLUTION Maria Dolores Jiménez López
19.3. BRINGING TOGETHER PICTURE & DEFINITIONS
437Definition 19.3.2 Let S = (E, G, Cít..., Cn)} n > 1, le a Cultural Gram
mar System as in Definition 19.3.1.
By a state aofSwe mean a 5tuple of arrays
a = (Ms, Ma, M
A,M
K, M
c),
where
ME = (WE), where WE € V¿ is the current state of environment, MG = (WG)I where WQ G VQ is the current state of genetic system, • MA = (7»jfc), 1 < i < n, 1 < j < r¿, 1 < k < s{j, where 7^ 6 V*jk is
the current state of agent A¿^,
• MK = (A'¿)> 1 < i < n, 1 < j < r¿, where fy e V£. is the current state of subcultural system KJJ or the state of the (ij}—th subculture,
• MO — (a,), 1 < i < n, where a, 6 V£. is the current state of cultural system d or the state of the ith culture, and for every i, 1 < i < n, AlA'2 • • • A>¿ is a substring of ai.
Observe that the state of a cultural system contains as a subword the concatenation of states of its subcultural systems
In the following definition we define how Cultural Grammar System changes its states. Since subcultural systems determine the state of their cultural system, change of cultural system state follows change of state of its corre sponding subcultural systems.