Estudio sistémico del sector de transporte terrestre de carga en Colombia - Caso Servientrega S.A

(1)

(2)

(3)

!

" #

$ $ %

# %

(4)

' "

' (

' )

' & (

' * '

!

* (

( "

(

( "

( '

(

( *

$

#

+

(5)

!

" # $

% "

& '

( ) ( * %

&

" + ! $ ,

" - #

. / 0 "

! "

. + ".

. & $ "1

!"#

(6)

1 + ! ! 4 "

1 5 $

1 6 .

1 " 5 $ ! ,

1 7 ( 1

!$%&'( ") * '!)"'+ !',

-0

& 8 $ ! ,

9 $ ,

" 9 /4 ,

.

:/ ; < 5+/ ,.

/ ; < /+ (/60 /+%6/- ( ( /* 5 5/* * -= +% % > ,.

/ ; < 6&9 5 ?* - (/60 /+%6/- ( ,,

" / ; "< > 5* 2 > (/60 /+%6/- ( ,1

/ ; < * * /76/ @ * % 6%=- ,1

. / ; .< A/>/B = /6/ (/6 & 2 (/60 /+%6/- ( ,

/ 0

1

(7)

!

" # $ % &

' ((! )

) ' ((* )

! ' ((& )

* ' (( )

& ' ((+ ))

, - ((! . ((+ )!

+ !+

( *(

/ *

0 1 # 2 *

3 *

) ' 4 &

1 5 &

1 5 ' "

1 5 % )

1 5 6 # $ %

*

1 5 /78 ((!

1 5 ) /78 ((*

1 5 ! /78 ((& +

1 5 * /78 (( +

1 5 & /78 ((+ +

1 5 /78 ((! % ((+ )(

1 5 + /78 11"

" 5 )(

1 5 ( 9

: ((! . ((+ )

1 5 " 5

(8)

1 5 . / #

!

1 5 4 !+

1 5 ) *(

1 5 ! *

1 5 * 3 *

1 5 & " 9 ; 5 &!

(9)

9 < " 5

5 - , - ,

-9 < =

, ,

> 5 :

> 5> # # 9

-8 = $ ?8 @

-5 : < #

4 - = = 5

8 = $ ?8 @ A 9

:

-8 = 9 5> # >

# B

" 5

(10)

83 1/8"1

1: 9 : C : ## " 5

5 , 2 : 2 , : -D - , :

, : # : - : : 2 :

: # 7 9 C , 5 # :

, - : 2 : 2 C # :

: 2 5 5> E# 9 F

: 5 C :

3- # 8 - ?8 @

-, : 2 : : C : : : D 5 4 2

: :

G H I7/J

8 - ?8 @ A : - :

2 : # :

- 8 - #- : 5 # #

9

" 5 5 #

(11)

J , : # - < B

5 ,

B < : #

#

-5 5 , - ,

# < # 5

, 5

-, # ,

, # , =

< = $4 # 5

8: , 5 - $

5 " - 5 5 , 4

< 5 - - - <

# , 9 , = # 9

- , <

# 9 , , ,

5

5 , B 5 <

4 # , < 5 5 #

, - #

(12)

, B < 9

, = B ,

# >= , :

" 5 > ,

-, < = $ 8 ,

: 9 ,

$ #

- 5 $

- <

-K

" 5 , : B

-, 5 5 #

< , > ,

: 9 =

9 ,

< 1 1 "

" 5 , = $

-1

- # - # :

#

(13)

, : ,

5 , ,

-5 , , #

4 ' % ,'

-# $ # 1 1 "

" 5 , 9 < $ , < :

5 L B ? :

B M 8@ - A 9 1

= < : 4 ,

5 - 5 # >

< >

' 5 $ = 5 : < 4

- 9 5 >

: , , < 5 < #

, 9

L , 4 8

-9 ' % $ 5 >

5 B 4 B #

- : A "%A8" - A " <

# # 9

? : @, - =

(14)

8 < = 5 B

- $ " 5 , # ,

' ,' % -- ' %

$ , = 8 5

9 - #

- - 5

(15)

!"#$ %& '()*&+,-./

<

< 9 ,

> , : = #

-5 , , ,

9

5 5 # E . :

# < 9 > #

N; , $ NN, $ 9

5 $

, < # / !

+ #

. , 34$# (5 6$7 +6!8% .7 & 0

8 , = # #

(16)

-/& #

0 # ,(-.1

L O " - / $ - 6 , /

#

# #

. / .# (& (01, 2 .3.&-#$& 2 .&%. ,-.01( 1% 7 & 0

1 5 $ < /

2 #

# #

# '

# #

#

# #

. / ! +('%( $93% 8 7 & 0

!3+'& ' L5 6 " - ? B @

(17)

1 < - #

,

5

0 5 5 A

((

, > <

5 # > , - # , #

#

J : #

, < , $

-< $ 9 5 $ , <

(18)

- < 5 , =

9 = # , # 9

-P , , < 5

-5 M , E

F "+"% '!"$ 6' ! +%&$! ': ;"("+

%'%$! 6' < +' ("=+ 7 &0

< 9 , # ,

-< : : 5

9 5 < , 9

< 5 < 9 , 5

- # , , <

, 9 5 - 5 , ,

- ,

: 5>

9 ,

< 5 5

, <

- , :

(19)

, < 5 - 4 , :

, #

-5> < 9 $ $

7%0.-,(5%& 1% '8.-%5.8,%5+(

, 5= 5

# , 4

, # , < 9

5 , , , , # :

, # : 4 , 5 > , B , , ,

L O " - / $ - 6 ,

E #

# # # #

.

>

8 :

A

0= C

0 4 5

0 C

(20)

, : 5 $

< ,

" K

5 " >

"

8

# "

7%0.-,(5%& 1% 9.&+%-,8,%5+(

5 #

5

8 = , 5

5 # - =

< - 5 <

# # 5 ,

, - L

> /1 +(5"'!"7 1$< +67 !!$7 "%> +$ ? +( "

.7 &0 9 : # > , ,

(21)

5> 5 #

-4 , # <

4 , 5

#

: 7%0.-,(5%& 1% 53%5+.0,(

, - < >

, # ,

5 , < > > <

,

-5

E 5> > < $

5 - ;1 <<$37 $+ <6 7

&0 , # 5= 5

: ,

-< # #

>

(22)

7+,8,<.0 '. )%&+,45 1% 0%-#0&(&

A

(&+%& 1% )%&+,45 1% ,53%5+.0,(&

/ #

, , #

-1

A

5 % 5

<

" 5

# 5=

"

5 A 9

A > < 5 > B

= 7%0.-,(5%& 1% 5>(08.-,45

$ # # > < = 9

-< # , E

# #

(23)

5 ,

>

, # < <

- #

: 9

8: , # = 5 # >

< $ # # 8

: $ , 5

-<

=

.0.-+%0*&+,-.& 9?&,-.& 1% '. ,5>(08.-,45B

"

5 " # 5

7

< < 5 ,

, - < 5 E

4 #

0

# #

(24)

# F

; %',5. . )%&+,45 1% ,5>(08.-,45 -(8( C%00.8,%5+.

>#51.8%5+.' %5 %' 1%&.00(''( 1% '(& -%5+0(& +(D,-('4),-(& : ;& +A

%-#7%0.1( %' 1*. @ 1% E#5,( 1% F %

GGG 93& &'1 -#H0%3,&+.&H.-,H3(' I I :H.-, : : C+8A

, # 5

, > -P ,

- =

6 7%0.-,(5%& 1% 0.5&7(0+%

: :

> 5 # ,

-=

, # E #

(25)

# <

!

,7( 1%

.0).

J 5 < , 5 9 =

> 9

>

< " 1 <

5 " , #

8 1

< <

6 A - 0

# A 8$

6 (&+( 1% 0.5&7(0+%

5 ,

< # >

< > - < 5 :

5 5 # ,

, 5 - 5 ,

(26)

6 :

(5>,.9,',1.1 1%' 8%1,( 1% +0.5&7(0+%

' # , > - <

5 > # 5

6 =

,%87( 1%

5+0%).

" 5 ,

, <

-5 %

" 5

: " 5 , 5 ,

$ < , B - 5

9 5 # = ,

9 9 ,

, < < # 5 4 9

(27)

8 < , - : , : 5 : : , 8 $

, # 9 9

- 9 5= 4

, #

# 5 5 , ?# =

+ @ 5 $ , - # 5 5

-, # 9 -P

-9 , 5

> 9

, 5 $ 9 ,

# M , 6

A , 9 B

, , B $ , 9 8

" 5 ?8 @ +)(

' 5 # , ,

- # : = , 5 #

# - 5

9 - < #

: 5 #

-A - , <

(28)

-5 , & - )! - 9

, ,

3 = : # ,

, #

-: < E 1567

#

&

% 8 . <)' ! +A+7 B$%8 . &0

, < , NN,

, # =

5 - $ , - < L ,

, <

$ + (, , >

-#$ , 9

" , ,

- , - 5

/' # # 1565

8 #

!

2 %

9 /! .6

' " 5 - > " # ((& ? @ / O (&

(29)

$ +)(, , - = ((

: , , 5 ,

- 5 , +*(, 5 =

( ((( : , 9 5

, 5 5

5 , 9

-, 9 # - 1 < B

++( 4 +(Q

# = , < <

# -P # , 5 # < , #

9 # - 5

- " 5

: 0%-,8,%5+( 2 1%&.00(''(

, : =

9 9

- 4 5 L

B , $ #

# # - , 5 > <

5 , # <

(30)

, : , $

# > 5 $ - :

5 , : 8

$

-, # 9 #

-: , , $

, 5

# - ,

#

-5 , $ # - 5 5

, > # , > , < L

, < ,

5

8 N7 8 " 9 : + )

8 N7 3 " 9 : ((*

5 , , ,

5

(31)

5 < - 5 < 9

- # ?# @,

-5 # > =

" 5 L B

.9'. F 3('#-,45 8(3,8,%5+( +0.5&7(0+% 1% -.0). +%00%&+0% 5.-,(5.'

J

++) )

++! * &)

++* & *

++& + ++

++ ) !(

+++ && *&)

((( & ( )

(( (( )

(( ) (

(( ++ &

(() & !+&

((! + & !

B ,0%--,45 1% 0.5&7(0+% 2 0?5&,+(

(32)

#%5+%B '.9(0.-,45 70(7,. . 7.0+,0 1% ,0%--,45 1% 0.5&7(0+% 2 0?5&,+(

J # < , $

- # 9= , # 5 <

5 , 9 5 - 5 $

B +++M

0 , B (( , <

, , < #

-9 = , , ,

5 - 5 $ # " 5

, - , < <

= J 5 , ,

# , 9L , 9 - 8: , ( !Q

< , : B ((!,

< , 9, , 5 , #$, , ; "+"% '!"$ 6' ! +%&$! ': ;"("+ %'%$! 6' < +' ("=+ 7 &0

(33)

: 87(0+.5-,. 1%' #9 K %-+(0 ()*&+,-( 1% 0.5&7(0+% +%00%&+0% 1% -.0).

%5 ('(89,.

5 , <

5 . 5

<

, , ,

5 5 , $ ,

# - ,

- # 9 - 5 >

8 , # >

3 ? 3@, - 5

# , # - - ,

> 5

< ,

, ,

# ,

5

, = < 5

, - <

, - < , , 5

9 - 9 , 5 - 5

(34)

:

-# - 9

>

-9

9 = 5 = D ,

9 # B

?1 5 (@

, - # $ ,

= 9 = <

B

, 5 = < =

< ,

> < > # , - = =

# , - , , B

< # >

-J =

-# < # B =

, < ,

5 - 9 < < $

,

5 = 9 : ,

< > B , , # >

-# 4 J' ,

(35)

-# 9 1 B 9

L < # ,

3 = =

-# B # , =

9 < <

- < 5 >

- B

# # B -P

L5 $ ,

(36)

"

8 "

" 5

-=, ,

; 9 - A

B > > < # , , # 1 ,

-, <

-5 > , ,

-8 5

-J' 4 ₄ 5 = " 5

8 $ - ,

, =

$ ,

: (Q

-= (( ((( 8 8 # , , 9 - , # , , ,

# , , < ,

- ,

# , = , %

= , ,

>

3 > 5

" A " " 5

> # 1 ,

- ,

# 5 ,

4 ,

8 5

-" ? @ " " 5

B > -# 1 , , , , L -, 5

1"" " " 5

J

-# J 5

< B - < , , ,

, , 5 ,

# , 5 ,

, 5

,

8 5

(37)

0 5

" 5> # - 5 B ,

, :

R

8 = - >

#

= ,3%' 1% ,8,+.-,45

Fuente: Elaboración propia

L

; A M

8 5 > 1

#8.+(0,. N N N N N

.',>,-.-,45 1 8 8 9 " # 1

#8.+(0,. 6 6 @ 6 6

.',>,-.-,45 : : : : :

" 5 " 1 "

#8.+(0,. N N N N @

.',>,-.-,45 O 5 5 5 5 /

#8.+(0,. : F N

.',>,-.-,45 @ O = = =

F O F F O F @ O :

: L

L : L

L

(38)

0 5

" 5 =# ,

1 , 4 J' 4

- , 5 ,

# 5 ,

8 - " A 5 5

# 5 - # < : , < <

4 B - 9 ,

9 # =

9 # 5 < : 5

9 # $

, , B

9 - : , #

>

(39)

, 5 = ,

# 8< < <

# - < 5 - 9

# ' 5 >

B > ,

, < , #

- = >

9

# 8 5 5 , 9 ,

, , <

, , = #

(40)

= 0.1( 1% -(5>'#%5-,. %&+0.+$),-.

0 5

L

; A M

J J A A " 1 5 ; > A J < -5 > 5

/ 5

1 J

#8.+(0,. : : : :

.',>,-.-,45 F : F @ F @ F @

1 7

#8.+(0,.

.',>,-.-,45 @ @ @ @ @

" 5 " 1 "

8 9

1

#8.+(0,. 6 6 6 6 =

.',>,-.-,45 @ @ @ @ 6 @

6 F 6 @ : 6 : 6

%03,-,(& = L 0(1#-+(& : L

0(3%%1(0%& : L

(41)

0 5 5 1 5 )

" 5 ,

, - 7# < #

-, > <

< - < < 5 $

# : $

1 # , <

> > # J' 4 , < >

B 5 - = ,

, # <

" 5 < < 5 = #

5 > , 8 -P

#

(42)

K 9 : , 5

: - 4 5

: : /78

L ! B

#

0 5 5 ; $ ((!

0 5 5 ; $ ((*

/78 /78R?K P8 1 @

870%&. +,',1.1 5+%& 1% 87#%&+(& -+,3(& (+.'%&

S & S , Q

1"" S ( S ( (,((Q

" ? @ S ! ( S + ,+ Q

" A S ! S ! & +,+ Q

J' 4 " 5 S !* S ) !*+ (,* Q

6 ; ,''(5%&A

870%&. +,',1.1 5+%& 1% 87#%&+(& -+,3(& (+.'%&

S ! S & *! &,!&Q

1"" S ! + S * ( *,+)Q

" ? @ S S ) * *,& Q

" A S ) +( S &( * * *,+ Q

J' 4 " 5 %S & S )! (* % ,( Q @ ; ,''(5%&A

.9'. : 6 870%&.& %5 %&+#1,(

(43)

0 5 5 ; $ ((&

0 5 5 ; $ ((

0 5 5 ; $ ((+

870%&. +,',1.1 5+%& 1% 87#%&+(& -+,3(& (+.'%&

S +* S + ) + ,&*Q

1"" S )) S & ( +, +Q

" ? @ S ( S ! (,((Q

" A S + S ) , *Q

J' 4 " 5 %S * ) S )* ! %&,+&Q N ; ,''(5%&A

870%&. +,',1.1 5+%& 1% 87#%&+(& -+,3(& (+.'%&

S *&& S )( ( *, +Q 1"" S & +! S && *+ !, Q " ? @ S &* S !+ & + *, (Q

" A S ) ! S ( (( ,&&Q

J' 4 " 5 S + &&& S !) * &, )Q O ; ,''(5%&A

870%&. +,',1.1 5+%& 1% 87#%&+(& -+,3(& (+.'%&

S + !+! S ! ))+ ),++Q 1"" S + ) S & ! ),*!Q

" ? @ S !+( S *) , !Q

" A S &)) S (& & ,) Q

J' 4 " 5 S ( ! S ! (! +, )Q

F ; ,''(5%&A

.9'. 6 N 870%&.& %5 %&+#1,(

.9'. @ O 870%&.& %5 %&+#1,(

(44)

5 /78 ((!% ((+

, 5

0 5

1 /78 # ,

((! - ((+,

, 5

0 5

5 5 ,

, 5 9

: ,

-P 8B 6 @ N O F

, Q &,!&Q ,&*Q *, +Q ),++Q

1"" (,((Q *,+)Q +, +Q !, Q ),*!Q

" ? @ ,+ Q *,& Q (,((Q *, (Q , !Q

" A +,+ Q *,+ Q , *Q ,&&Q ,) Q

J' 4 " 5 (,* Q % ,( Q %&,+&Q &, )Q +, )Q

K %-+(0 0.5&7(0+% %00%&+0% 1% .0). %5 ('(89,. 6 K F

6 @ N O F

A ), Q ,()Q ,!&Q !,+ Q &, (Q

A +,+ Q *,+ Q , *Q *, +Q +, )Q

1 " , Q &,!&Q ,&*Q &, )Q ),*!Q

J = *, (Q !, Q +,& Q ,*!Q +,((Q

" ,!!Q ,! Q % (&,!(Q ( ,( Q % , )Q

51,-.1(0%& &+?1,&+*-(& .7',-.1(& .' %-+(0 0.5&7(0+% %00%&+0% 1%

.9'. O 6 K F 870%&.& %5 %&+#1,(

.9'. F 51,-.1(0%& &+.1*&+,-(& .7',-.1(& .' %5 ('(89,.

(45)

0 5

=# : < :

B B , # <

5 , # - #

- < #

-/78 B

0 5 5 1 5 !

0,00% 5,00% 10,00% 15,00% 20,00% 25,00% 30,00% 35,00% 40,00% Servientrega TCC Colvanes (Envia) Cordinadora Mercantil DHL Express Colombia

Gráfico Hacinamiento Año 2005

6 @ N O F

T7 8

T7 8 ( (

T7 8 ( ( (

T7 8 )

T7 8 ! ( ( ( (

1718 ! ! !

T7 8 /78 A

-T7 8 /78

-T7 8 ) /78

T7 8 ! /78

.9'. : 870%&.& 1%' &%-+(0 1% +0.5&7(0+% +%00%&+0% 1% -.0). 7(0 <(5.&

1% C.-,5.8,%5+( 6 F

(46)

5 < B ((!, :

5 < "

-#

5 5 5

0 5 5 1 5 *

((*, =# : < "

B , - < 1""

-# ,

< > # =

- - > ((* ,

>

B , 5 # ?1""@,

-5,00% 0,00% 5,00% 10,00% 15,00% 20,00% 25,00% 30,00% 35,00% 40,00%

Servientrega

TCC

Colvanes (Envia) Cordinadora

Mercantil DHL Express

Colombia

Gráfica Hacinamiento AÑO 2006

(47)

= " A - " <

0 5 5 1 5 &

=# : B ((&

-B 5 5 < 1""

-< - - >

0 5 5 1 5

-10,00% 0,00% 10,00% 20,00% 30,00% 40,00% Servientrega TCC Colvanes (Envia) Cordinadora Mercantil DHL Express Colombia

0,00% 10,00% 20,00% 30,00% 40,00% Servientrega TCC Colvanes (Envia) Cordinadora Mercantil DHL Express Colombia

'#&+0.-,45 .-,5.8,%5+( N

(48)

B (( , L =# : 5 < J' 4

8 < 5>

, B #

, 9

- 1""

0 5 5 1 5 +

((+, =# : ,

-< > J' 4 , 1""

- # , #

< < >

B <

0,00% 5,00% 10,00% 15,00% 20,00% 25,00%

Servientrega

TCC

Colvanes (Envia) Cordinadora

Mercantil DHL Express

Colombia

Gráfica Hacinamiento AÑO 2009

(49)

0 5 5 1 5

1 , 5

B ((! - ((+,

=#

, $ - , # <

" 5 : L

B :

5 # ,

, < L # #

< #

, < < 5 < <

> :

< 4

< B J' 4 # :

, >

, # 9 # <

0,00% 5,00% 10,00% 15,00% 20,00% 25,00% 30,00%

2004,5 2005 2005,5 2006 2006,5 2007 2007,5 2008 2008,5 2009 2009,5

P O R C EN TA JE AÑO

EVOLUCION DE LA MEDIA LA MEDIANA Y EL TERCER CUARTIL

MEDIA MEDIANA TERCER CUARTIL

(50)

< #

, > < : - : <

" 5

8 = , < # :

5 5 <

9 , $ <

:

@ &+#1,( 1% %-+(0%&

@

.0,%1.1%& 1% 70(1#-+(& ( &%03,-,(&

<

" 5 , #

, - < 5 #

< 5 > ,

< 5 # , =

< - < >

# = <

*

# EJ K ,

(51)

# J A 9 , ,

, < , - L

# A <

L #

-=

# A :

- - , , 5 , ,

# " A < 5

<

# 1 3 / , - 5 9

5 # - 5

# ; > / , - 5 9

: < - = # 5

(52)

# J / - 5

,

# < - 5 > 5 A

9 - 4 ,

, -P

F)

* 1""

# E 1

= ((

# J

5 > ,

#

# K 5 - ,

? @

# / 3 5

- < <

)

" 5 ? ( (, @ : / ! ( ( I 5

(53)

# A > 9 - < B

< - 5

# 1 A 9

-< : F!

* "

# EA ; 1 1

-$ )( 5

# '7H ( C ( 8A,

=4 : : ?; #

5 @

# A <

L

# A > 9 1 5 , , >

< C , < F*

" 5 ? ( (, @ / ! ( ( I 5 1""

: PP222 P

" 5 ? ( (, @ $ / ! ( ( I 5

(54)

* ) " A

# E1 - , >

- , : ,

< - L

# /

5 > F&

* ! J' 4

# E" " 9 <

5 < #

=#

# P 0 J' 5 #

-, # 4 5

5 # ,

# / 7# <

< J' F

$_" ₅ _{? ( (,} _@ _/ _! _{( (} _{I 5}

" : PP222

%_" ₅ _{? ( (,} _@ _/ _! _{( (} _{I 5} _J'

(55)

8 5 <

,

< 5

$

.9'. : %03,-,(& 1% +0.5&7(0+% +%00%&+0% 1% -.0). %5 ('(89,. 1% '.&

%870%&.& %5 %&+#1,(

0 5

# , :

<

8, - < 5 # : 9

5 # - # <

M

1"" " " A J' 4

J K A ; 1 1

J A J '7H / " 9

A K 5 A / #

A A > 9 A > 9

" A 1

1 3

; >

A ;

J

< -5 >

(56)

0 5

# 5 < =

5 A 9 1, < # = < :

= - 4 >

@ %-%&,1.1%&

# =

-< < , 5 =

< <

# 9 <

< <

-< $ 9

%03,%5+0%). ('3.5%& ((01,5.1(0.

J K M M M M M

J A M M M

A M M M M M

A M M M M

" A M M M M

1 3 M M

; > M M

A ; M

J M

< - 5 > M M M

J T / M M

/ 3 M M M M M

.9'. : %03,-,(& 1% '.& %870%&.& %5 %&+#1,( %>%0%5-,.

(57)

# " U 5

- ,

<

# 0 4 5 ' 1 : 5

<

# 5 - - <

< # < ,

B , - < L

5

# / < :

5 < $ : < 8

: $ L < #

= 2 5 $#

# " 4

# 9

, < ,

: < 5

# 5 <

< - < #

# 8 5

(58)

5 , # <

# 0= - ,

< #

:

@ : .5.'%& 1% 1,&+0,9#-,45

# / " <

- # B <

# - < >

# ; #

<

# 8 4 ; < B <

- < # 5

# <

# " "

# , #

(59)

-# = I 5 : <

= -

->

# 5 ' # 5

5 <

, ,

# 1 $

-# / $ :

- ,

# , :

5

# =

# ; 9 ; 9 5 4 , , ,

# < : <

# 1 # A <

(60)

# - 0 - #

-# 9

.+0,<

5 A 9 1 ,

- ,

5 #

; / A81/ T 1 8 N7 "

N .5-C.& 9'.5-.& 7.0. 1%-,&,(5%& %&+0.+$),-.&

L A 9 1, 5 < , 4 <

: 4 - < : 4

, : 5 < :

# , - 5 ,

1""

" ? @

" A

J' 4 " 5

CONVENCIONES

(61)

> , J

, 8 L < 5

, < # < > # =

M " =

- 5 - >

, 5 , L # 9 :

9 = 5

, 8 - " , <

: 5 , 4 # =

: M " 5 , 9

L5 5 # - <

- 9 5 < ,

9 <

< , # <

, - " 5 #

< <

# > A 9 1 5=

- < - 5 > ,

- - 5 # <

< :

8 < 5= , <

, 5 , =

- ,

(62)

: -, - : ,

-4 , - <

, : # :

# , 5 : - < ,

-: 5 - #

M :

, - - 5

< > =

8 #

-< = , 4 : 5

,

, , <

< # , = 5

- # >

, : B <

, < 5 9 9, < ((Q # 5 ,

5 B

- -

-5 < =

J A 9 1 $ < 8,

# =

- < , : < L

- = , = # < <

, > < # >

(63)

#

-, , A 9 1

(64)

O ,3%' 1% 0,3.',1.1 %5+0% -(87%+,1(0%& %D,&+%5+%&

0 1 # 2

=# < 5 , 5

-2 /C 2 7 D 7 D 4

& & ' ! " ( ) .* ,+ , '

1& - .

.

/

0 ' .

* # 1

-2 . # (

/0 *= & + A + * 2 /C 2 7 D 7 D 4

+ 0/* >/ 6 0 * > > /+%6/ & 25/% > 6/( /B (%/+%/( + "

(/60 /+%6/- ( E F E F E F E F E F E F E

F

+ 0/* >/ 6 0 * > > /+%6/ & 25/% > 6/( /B (%/+%/(

J

0 1 2 3 4

Alto Medio Alto Equilibrio Medio Bajo Bajo

NUMERO DE RESPUESTAS

.9'. :: ,3%' 1% 0,3.',1.1 %5+0% -(87%+,1(0%& %D,&+%5+%&

(65)

O (1%0 1% 5%)(-,.-,45 1% '(& -(870.1(0%&

0 1 # 2

2 /C 2 7 D 7 D 4

( *

( )

"

0 * ) 3

.*

,4 ' 3

1( * *

/0 *= & + A + * 2 /C 2 7 D 7 D 4

5 >/6 >/ +/- & & + >/ & 256 > 6/( +

(/60 /+%6/- ( E ,F E F E ,F E F E F E F E 5 >/6 >/ +/- & & + >/ & 256 > 6/(

0 1 2 3

.9'. := (1%0 1% 5%)(-,.-,45 1% -(870.1(0%&

(66)

- < 5

< #

<

O : ,%&)( 1% ,5)0%&(

0 1 # 2

2 /C 2 7 D 7 D 4

7 / $

& 5 6 / "+ ' . , , 1 5 2 + 6

+ 7 8

+ .

"+ + +

.& *

,/

5

-1& /

& .

2 9

( *

6 6 !

& :

/0 *= & + A + * 2 /C 2 7 D 7 D 4

6 /(- >/ +-6/( + . 1 ,

(/60 /+%6/- ( E .F E "F1E "F E "F E F E F"E 6 /(- >/ +-6/(

(67)

, - <

- 8 = 9

# 9 :

O = (1%0 1% 5%)(-,.-,45 -(5 70(3%%1(0%&

0 1 # 2

'#&+0.-,45 F #%5+%B (8.1( 1% &(>+G.0% %&+#1,( -(87%+,1(0%&

0 1 2 3

0 1 # 2

2 /C 2 7 D 7 D 4

( +

& '

"&

./ )

,*

1( )

/0 *= & + A + * 2 /C 2 7 D 7 D 4

5 >/6 >/ +/- & & G+ >/ 56 0//> 6/( +

(/60 /+%6/- ( E F E F E ,F E F E F E F E 5 >/6 >/ +/- & & G+ >/ 56 0//> 6/(

(68)

, =# ,

< 5 , # : B

- 5 4 5

O 6 ,%5%& #&+,+#+(&

0 1 # 2

5 5 > , < ,

< > - ,

< # 8

2 /C 2 7 D 7 D 4

' '

' 8

"

/0 *= & + A + * 2 /C 2 7 D 7 D 4 7 /+/( (=(% %=% ( +

(/60 /+%6/- ( E F E F E F E F E F E F E

7 /+/( (=(% %=% (

0 1 2

.9'. :@ ,%5%& &#&+,+#+(&

(69)

0(&7%-+,3. %03,%5+0%).

- # , - #

< 9 , 5

-$4 = $ < - <

= , > #

# #

, $ A %

A - % 5% 4 , 4 :

-, 5 <

: , > 5 < =

9 , 5

-5>

8 8 8, :

" 5 , : # ,

9 K / , E $+% !3(("=+ ($<'( ")

'% ! '," C - :

B

F .0,.9'%&

5 5 : A % A

6 ?6 ; @

%&-0,7-,45B / 9

(70)

5 5 ? @

%&-0,7-,45B "

8 ?8 @

%&-0,7-,45B "

? @

%&-0,7-,45B 7# , ,

5 =# ,

-9 5 ? @

%&-0,7-,45B "

# / ?/ @

%&-0,7-,45B 0 < #

$

? @

%&-0,7-,45B "

(71)

: / 5 ?/ @

%&-0,7-,45B 8 < 9

# - 4 5 ,

- < 5 # ,

5 $

-" 9 ? @

%&-0,7-,45B ; 5 5 5

-5 : #

9

> 0 9 ?# @

%&-0,7-,45B

, - #

C ? @

%&-0,7-,45B 8 5

-5 < # ,

> < 9 9

? @

(72)

-" ? @

%&-0,7-,45B # - 5

< >

8 ? @

%&-0,7-,45B J 5 5

5

" ? @

%&-0,7-,45B " 5 #

# - , <

A ? @

%&-0,7-,45B 5 < 9

< 5

< " 5 ?" A8@

%&-0,7-,45B

5 L $ ,

(73)

-? "8;8@

%&-0,7-,45B

# =

-9 #

? /7@

%&-0,7-,45B 4

# L

8 9 $ ?8 1/8@

%&-0,7-,45B 8 > <

5 >

/ 5 ?/ 18@

%&-0,7-,45B # 5 = <

" ?"8 @

%&-0,7-,45B #

2 ? 1/8@

(74)

4 J - ?J A7A 1/8@

%&-0,7-,45B , > #

9

- / : ?/1'@

%&-0,7-,45B :

9 # ? @

%&-0,7-,45B , 5

: 5

5 9

" ?" @

%&-0,7-,45B " #

-, # 9 - ,

B

55 # ? J @

%&-0,7-,45B - - #

5 9

1 9 - A ?1A"@

%&-0,7-,45B " : $

(75)

" ?""@

%&-0,7-,45B - 5 9

,

-? A@

%&-0,7-,45B

-## " 9 ?"" @

%&-0,7-,45B A 9 #

#

" ? " @

%&-0,7-,45B # # #

5 ? , ,

, # @

:: / ? @

%&-0,7-,45B 8

# 5

4 ? 4 @

%&-0,7-,45B : # : <

(76)

> >

>> 8 9 ? @

%&-0,7-,45B 7 5

< < # , #

-CC - ? - @

%&-0,7-,45B "

-< B 9

-J 5 ? @

%&-0,7-,45B A

# >

- 5

0 4 5 5 ?# 4 5@

(77)

1 # ? @

%&-0,7-,45B J B <

C 2 : 2 9 # $

- 9 >

# ? @

%&-0,7-,45B " > $ , - <

, # , , , ,

- # < <

- , # # - # 9

A ? @

%&-0,7-,45B 5 9

= # , L

-5 , $ : -P : -P

<< # ? # @

%&-0,7-,45B / , $ , # -P

$ 9

, < - , , , ,

# ,

; 9 ? @

%&-0,7-,45B " 9 -P

(78)

A ? @

%&-0,7-,45B #

9 # 8

5 ? 5 @

%&-0,7-,45B < < 9

8 5 >

-5 ,

: , 9 ,

,

? @

%&-0,7-,45B #

- <

" 5 ? 5 @

%&-0,7-,45B <

9 <

22 % ? @

%&-0,7-,45B ,

-, - 5

8

(79)

44 ? @

%&-0,7-,45B " 5

8 ,

-5 ,

-- / ?/ " @

%&-0,7-,45B A 5 #

, , : 5 , 4

-, 5 #

-99 8 9 ? @

%&-0,7-,45B 7 9 ,

-- <

# > # #

3 ?3 @

%&-0,7-,45B 8 4 5

- 5

555 " 9 ?" @

%&-0,7-,45B " 5

=

(80)

9 ? @

%&-0,7-,45B J - 5

" #

# < $ ? # @

%&-0,7-,45B J #

< # 9 B #

5> F+

;_K _{; / J8J J} _{/7 8/ 7} _! _{# !} _{6717 ;}

(81)

F .0.-+%0,<.-,45 1% '.& 3.0,.9'%&

0 5

5 9 =# < 5 <

# 8 9,

# > 5 < # ,

5 < 5 5>

-; 5 5

1

=

, - < 4 #

# 9 : 5 ,

- 4 " 9 " 4 5 - = # 9 # # -B # -/ -J

4 # 5

, -$ # < < < - # # -# < , # ,

-# < $

B - <

5

: -, = < 4

,

-- #

,

9 # < $

9

# < $

" "

5 $5 9

5 - :

< 5 : - <

0

" ;

# <

4

-5 , #

< 5 4

-9 <

, - #

(82)

- 5

9

F : ,74+%&,&

0 5

; 5 '

1 9 5 , = < # " -< ,

, : 5 , 4

-5 ,

5 # - B 8 =

-

-< 5 $ 4 # >

# $4 5>

-J

5

-<

B 9

-VJ 5

,

#

-# < $

9

# <

# 9 B

# 5>

" "

= #

- 5

9 ,

-, 5

9 , :

-5 ,

" ;

, 9

9 M :

# #

-9 #

-5>

(83)

F = ,&+()0.8. 1% D+0%8(&

(84)

: 4 5 <

8 # 5> ,

(85)

5 # 5 - # 5 < ,

< M

: - 5 5 < #

5 5 < # , = # ( - , <

9 - 5 M

# 4 # M

8

# M

= 9 A %A L : <

- (,+M

-> , # <

5 < = B 5> - #

$

> 5

( +, 5 9 > ,

- = ,

5 M - 5 5

L < , 4

$

J $ , 5 = - =

, = > < 8

5 > # 5 =

(86)

L 5 = , < - : 4

-4 , 8 (

P &-%5.0,( Q B

" # ((((((

J 8 , 5 9 9

# ,

8 : # , 5 ,

# , - #

, 8 5 (Q,

# (

# < 5 ,

B $ , < # <

- < 5 9

&-%5.0,( Q B

" # ((( (

J L 4 #

, #

# <

" _# _{5 >}

! # ! 6717 ;

', 9 K / - - 5

(87)

< B

5 , 5

-# # # < $ , #

B 5

,

<

: 5 $

B ,

-< 5 - ,

, : ,

# - 5

: &-%5.0,( Q :B

" # (

J B , : 5 9

5 # ((+, # 5

9 B

5 <

, - 9 9

-9

# 5 > #

(88)

= &-%5.0,( Q =B

" # (

J # # 5

9 , ,

= 5

" # 5 ,

8 # , , 5 >

: ,

, 5 ,

#

8 # : J 8 , <

: # :

< -

-> 5 # < 8

6 &-%5.0,( Q 6B R

" # (

J # 5

5 # ((+,

< < # #

8 8 , 9 ,

8

5 > < < , 5 # 9

5 5

(89)

, , 5

,

? - 4 @

, 5 , <

@ &-%5.0,( Q @B M "

" #

J J $ : 5 5 > < - ,

: < # B ((+

5

, # , 6

I C, : 9

9 , - 5 ,

-: EA

-B 5 > 8 F

# 9 - #

, < :

8 $

' > < , < <

-,

- # 9

(90)

; A

# E" ' ,171111-.,

= # 5 - B

-5 , #

- # B

/ ' , - < # ,

5 = # > 5>

-9 < , =

9 $

5 E< 8 ,111111-.,

, < : = ,

5 B #

, /' .-/&

. 5 <

> , # 5

-9

8 = / ' .,

5 5 , - < <

, , : - 9 =

(91)

-L , E' ,777777-. # > - <

: L B

# , , < 8

- 4 # #

,

-, L 5 4 <

# L 1

- , B 5 # # 9

# : - - #

(92)

" 5 ,

, 5 - # ,

< # , 5 <

# 5 5 #

, :

- L B ,

# ,

< - : #

# # > , 5

< 9 , #

: < : B

, = >

, ,

8, B 5>

6 # < 9 5

, - 5

-, : L M

5 4 $5 < ,

(93)

L 8 ?8 = $ @

,

# , 9

- # L 5 , #

< : M ,

9 # , - <

4 < <

, 5 : : , : #

# : 5> , $

, # M =

9

- , >

5 , - <

# # # : #

> M 5

# <

5 , 5 , < 4 :

?A : 3 @

-# 9 > , - = 9

, : A %A - ,

, 4 : - 5 <

(94)

B , B , 5

-> < 9 ,

5 < # 9 = : , $

< 5 - < : <

5

8 = , # 9 /" .

$ , 5

# - < 9 B B , $

- , < <

$ ,

9

-, 8

" 5 , 4 :

-4 - # ,

< , # 5

5 > , #

5

" B

8 , , # < ,

-# 9 < = >

, = - = #

- < : : 5

(95)

-8 ; -8/ 8 W , O $ J " 5 ? )+ % ((&@

A 1 " 5 ((& (

38 7K, / ' - A J7T8 38//8T8, " ,

A$4 (() & +

38 "' / , M 37 8 J, M "8//7, 0 M 6 A8 7,

H - 18 "811 , A O L 0

K 8 ((& (

) "8 71 A8// /7, 3 # :

# 4 (( ? @

/ * > ((+ J

222 5 P P P X X( P ( ( ( :

! "7 7A3 8 A 1 / 7 J 1/8 7/1 5 J

1 " 5 ((& (

* JKUK "738/, 6 9 < - 6 9 J < % 5 3

6 ((&

& "8 7 8, = - B " J

((& *

68/"W8 Y8/ T, O $ #

-J . 8 #

-# (() +

+ /73K 1Z, 0 1 K " 3

(96)

( 8 718 "7 [A "8 ((! ; $

8 718 "7 [A "8 ((* ; $

8 718 "7 [A "8 ((& ; $

8 718 "7 [A "8 (( ; $

) 8 718 "7 [A "8 ((+ ; $

! 7T8 7 /7O7, O / " - 9

B 0 " # (( !&

* A8"17/ \ - $ ] 6 , ((&

& A8/G 1 6 K3 ' 6 " J 9

B ((& &(

A 1 / 7 J 1/8 7/1 70 " 8 8 7/8 J 8 8" [

J 1 (( " # B ((&

" 5 (( ()

+ AK^7T A8"'8J7, 8 $ - 1 B J 9

((& +

( 8K "7 , O - 8;8 "KZ H 68 8, / A

B J 9 (( &(

/ " I81 /'7K "77 / A " 6

C

/ 1/ 7 K /18, 0 7/1 /

K / " 5 (() +(

/ 1/ 7 K /18, 0 - / ; /8 /7J/W6K T, '

8 5 8 = $ " 5

(97)

) /7O8 A 8, H J #

-" 5

! /73K 1Z, 0 K $ " B B ((!

(*

* A " /73 N /1 \ - $ ] 6 , ((&

(98)

M

8 N7 8 " 9 : + )

! !!' '! % & ! < >$)"<"# ("=+ 6' )'5A(3<$%

-: >"+$% / $>$ %' (" '+ '% !!$<<$ 6'< ! +%&$! ' '+ $<$>9" - *

(99)

8 N7 3 " 9 : ((*

!!' '! % & ! < >$)"<"# ("=+ 6' )'5A(3<$%

(100)

8

N

7

"

A

9

1

9 "

0 4 5 '

/ "

" 8 0= 8

/ "

;

8 4 ;

"8 " 1 / = I 5

5 1 /

; 9 ; 9

1 # A ?/ @

- 0

(101)

0

5

9 "

0 4 5 '

/ "

" 8 0= 8

/ "

;

8 4 ;

"8 " 1 / = I 5

5 1 /

; 9 ; 9

1 # A ?/ @

- 0

/ 3 J 8

/ <

-5 > 5 A