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Un método para tratar con el problema de Cluster-Aliasing en robots que aprenden

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✞✠✟☛✡✌☞✍✡✏✎✒✑✔✓✕✑✖✟☛✓✕✑✗✟☛✑✔✓✙✘✚✡ ✞✜✛✢✎✒✓✕✡✤✣✍✛✥✞ ✑✦☞✍✞★✧✩✛✫✪✒✬✭✟☛✞✮✓✰✯✲✱✳✛✫✴✥✑✔✬☛✴ ✞

✓✕✡✤✣✶✡✔✟☛✬✸✷✹✪✒✞✺✑✻✎✒✓✕✞

☞✍✞

✼✾✽✠✿❁❀❃❂✻❀✸❄✺❀❆❅❈❇❊❉✳❋❍●✰■❏■❏●✰■❈❀✮❑ ▲✠❇✻❀❃❂▼❄▼◆P❖✚❇❊●❘◗❚❙❊❀❃❂✚❅❈✽✠✿❯❑❏❱❳❲

❨❬❩❪❭✢❫❈❴❛❵❝❜✗❞❡❭✢❫❁❢❤❣☛✐❦❥♠❧❡❭♦♥❤❫❈♣q❢❤r✲♥ts✒✉☛✈❈✇❣☛①✕❫❘✇❫❈❞♠✇

②✶③❃④t⑤⑦⑥♠⑧✭⑨⑩⑤

❶✜❷✚❸❺❹✭❻✥❼❬❽✭❾✭❿➁➀❬❸⑦➂❪❼✍❾q❼✍➃✥❸❺❻✥❼❬❸⑩➄✌❼❬❽➅❻✥➆⑩➇☛➆⑩➃✥➄✌➈➊➉➆⑩➋✲❿➌❷➁❼❬➄t➍❆➈✍❼❬❾✭❿➌❸⑩❽❁➃❪❼➎❸❺❹✭❻✥❼❬❽✭❾✭❿➁➀❬❸⑦➂❪❼✍❹☛➆⑩❻➏❻✥❼t➐➒➑q❼t❻✥➀t➆q➍➓❿➌❽✲➔

➋⑩➆❏❷➌➑✭→❤❻✫❸➎❷➌❸➎→❤➆❏❽✭➄❪➃❪❻✫➑✭→t→t❿❬➉➆❏❽♦❾q❼✹➑✭❽✭❸✍❹☛➆❏❷➣➉

➃✥❿➌→t❸✒↕❈➑q❼✌❹☛❼t❻✫➈➎❿➁➃✥❸✍❸⑩❷➓❸❺➙⑩❼❬❽❁➃❪❼✒❾q❼❬→t❿➌❾✭❿➁❻✻↕❈➑q❼✹❸⑩→t→t❿❬➉➆❏❽➛➃❪➆❏➈➎❸❺❻

❼❬❽➜→t❸⑩❾✭❸✒➄✥❿➁➃✥➑✭❸⑩→t❿❬➉➆❏❽➝➄❪❼❬❽✭➄✥❸⑩❾✭❸✲➞✗➟✗➆❏❽✭➄❪➃❪❻✫➑✭❿➁❻✗❼❬➄❪➃✥❸✒❹☛➆❏❷➣➉

➃✥❿➌→t❸✌❼❬❽✶❹✭❻✥➆⑩➇✰❷➁❼❬➈➎❸⑩➄✗❻✥❼❬❸⑩❷➁❼❬➄✔❿➌➈✍❹✰❷➌❿➌→t❸➏❼❬❷✕➈➎❸⑩❽q❼❤➔

➂❪➆✢❾q❼✍➙⑩❻✫❸⑩❽✭❾q❼❬➄✌❼❬➄❪❹✰❸⑩→t❿➁➆❏➄❚❾q❼➎➄✥❿➁➃✥➑✭❸⑩→t❿➁➆❏❽q❼❬➄✌➠✾❸⑩→t→t❿➁➆❏❽q❼❬➄t➞➝➡❃➆⑩❻✒❷➁➆➛➃✥❸⑩❽❁➃❪➆q➍✠❼❬➄✹❽q❼❬→❤❼❬➄✥❸❺❻✫❿➁➆♦❻✥❼❬→t➑q❻✥❻✫❿➁❻✌❸

➃❈➉❼❬→t❽✭❿➌→t❸⑩➄✤❾q❼✌→t❷➌➑✭➄❪➃❪❼t❻✫❿➌❽q➙❚❹✰❸❺❻✫❸✒➃❪❻✫❸❺➃✥❸❺❻➢→❤➆❏❽➛❼❬➄❪➃❪➆❏➄✔❼❬➄❪❹✰❸⑩→t❿➁➆❏➄✻❾q❼✌➑✭❽✭❸✒➐❛➆⑩❻✫➈➎❸✒→❤➆❏➈✍❹✰➑q➃✥❸⑩→t❿➁➆❏❽✭❸⑩❷➌➈✍❼❬❽❁➃❪❼

➈➎❸⑩❽q❼❝➂✥❸❺➇✰❷➁❼⑩➞➊➤✲❿❊❼❬❷✔❸❺➙⑩❼❬❽❁➃❪❼♦❽q➆✾❼❬➄➎→t❸❺❹✰❸❺➀♦❾q❼➜→t❷➌❸⑩➄✥❿❳➥❘→t❸❺❻➎❸⑩❾q❼❬→t➑✭❸⑩❾✭❸⑩➈✍❼❬❽❁➃❪❼♦❷➌❸⑩➄✍➄✥❿➁➃✥➑✭❸⑩→t❿➁➆❏❽q❼❬➄✍➄❪❼❬❽✲➔

➄✥❸⑩❾✭❸⑩➄t➍❘❸⑩➄✥❿➁➙❏❽✭❸⑩❽✭❾q➆➎❸➦→t❸⑩❾✭❸➦→t❷➌❸⑩➄❪❼✹❷➌❸➎❸⑩→t→t❿❬➉➆❏❽✢→❤➆⑩❻✥❻✥❼❬→❤➃✥❸✲➍❘❼❬❷➓❸❺❹✭❻✥❼❬❽✭❾✭❿➁➀❬❸⑦➂❪❼✌➄❪❼t❻✰➉❸✍❹☛❼t❻➒➂✥➑✭❾✭❿➌→t❸⑩❾q➆✒❹☛➆⑩❻✻❼❬❷

→t❷➌➑✭➄❪➃❪❼t❻✫❿➌❽q➙❺➔P❸⑩❷➌❿➌❸⑩➄✥❿➌❽q➙q➍⑩➆✹❹☛➆⑩❻✜➑✭❽➦→t❷➌➑✭➄❪➃❪❼t❻✫❿➌❽q➙➏❼❤➧q→❤❼❬➄✥❿➁➋❺❸⑩➈✍❼❬❽❁➃❪❼✤❻✥❼❤➥❘❽✭❸⑩❾q➆q➍❈→❤➆❏❽➎❼❬❷✰→t➑✭❸⑩❷✰❾q❼❬➄❪❹☛❼t❻✫❾✭❿➌→t❿➌❸❺❻✰➉❸

❻✥❼❬→t➑q❻✫➄❪➆❏➄✤➠➛❹☛❼t❻✫❾q❼t❻✰➉❸➦→t❸❺❹✰❸⑩→t❿➌❾✭❸⑩❾✢❹✰❸❺❻✫❸➦➙⑩❼❬❽q❼t❻✫❸⑩❷➌❿➁➀❬❸❺❻❬➞➨❶✜❷➓➙⑩❻✫❸⑩❾q➆➜❾q❼✒→t❷➌➑✭➄❪➃❪❼t❻✫❿➁➀❬❸⑩→t❿❬➉➆❏❽✢❾q❼t➇☛❼❚❾q❼t❹☛❼❬❽✲➔

❾q❼t❻➎❽q➆❍➄✭➉➆❏❷➁➆✾❾q❼➛❷➌❸➅→❤➆❏➈✍❹✰❷➁❼❝➂✥❿➌❾✭❸⑩❾➩❾q❼❬❷✔❸⑩➈✹➇✰❿➁❼❬❽❁➃❪❼⑩➍✗➄✥❿➌❽q➆➅➃✥❸⑩➈✹➇✰❿❡➉❼❬❽➊❷➌❸➅→❤➆❏➈✍❹✰❷➁❼❝➂✥❿➌❾✭❸⑩❾➩❾q❼➛❷➌❸✢➃✥❸❺❻✥❼❬❸

❸✾❸❺❹✭❻✥❼❬❽✭❾q❼t❻❬➞➫❶✜❽➩❼❬❷✔➈➎❿➌➄✥➈✍➆➅❸⑩➈✹➇✰❿➁❼❬❽❁➃❪❼⑩➍❊➑✭❽✭❸✢➃✥❸❺❻✥❼❬❸❍➄❪❼❬❽✭→t❿➌❷➌❷➌❸➛❹✰❸❺❻✫❸✾➄❪❼t❻➎❸❺❹✭❻✥❼❬❽✭❾✭❿➌❾✭❸✢→❤➆❏❽➭➉❼❤➧q❿➁➃❪➆q➍

❾q❼t➇☛❼t❻⑦➉

❸❚❻✥❼❬↕❈➑q❼t❻✫❿➁❻✔➈✍❼❬❽q➆❏➄✻❾✭❿➌➄❪➃✥❿➌❽✭→t❿➁➆❏❽q❼❬➄❊❾q❼➏➄✥❿➁➃✥➑✭❸⑩→t❿➁➆❏❽q❼❬➄✻↕❈➑q❼➏➑✭❽✭❸✍➈➊➉❸⑩➄✻→❤➆❏➈✍❹✰❷➁❼❝➂✥❸✲➞✮❶✜❽✭→❤➆❏❽❁➃❪❻✫❸❺❻➢❷➌❸

→t❸⑩❽❁➃✥❿➌❾✭❸⑩❾✒➂✥➑✭➄❪➃✥❸✍❾q❼✌→t❷➌➑✭➄❪➃❪❼t❻✫➄✻↕❈➑q❼✌➄❪❼✌❽q❼❬→❤❼❬➄✥❿➁➃✥❸➎❽q➆✍❼❬➄➢➑✭❽✭❸✒➃✥❸❺❻✥❼❬❸✍➃❪❻✫❿➁➋✲❿➌❸⑩❷✮➯❳➲t➳❺➵➣➞

❶✜❽❍❼❬➄❪➃❪❼➦➃❪❻✫❸❺➇✰❸⑦➂❪➆✢➄❪❼➦❹✭❻✥➆⑩❹☛➆❏❽q❼➦➑✭❽✭❸➛➈➫➉❼t➃❪❻✫❿➌→t❸➛❹✰❸❺❻✫❸♦➈✍❼❬❾✭❿➁❻✌❼❬❷✮➙⑩❻✫❸⑩❾q➆✢❾q❼✶→t❷➌➑✭➄❪➃❪❼t❻❪➔P❸⑩❷➌❿➌❸⑩➄✥❿➌❽q➙q➍❆➠

➑✭❽➝❽❈➑q❼t➋⑩➆✍❸⑩❷➁➙⑩➆⑩❻✫❿➁➃✥➈✍➆❚❹✰❸❺❻✫❸❚❸❺❹✭❻✥➆❬➧q❿➌➈➎❸❺❻✔❷➌❸❚→t❸⑩❽❁➃✥❿➌❾✭❸⑩❾✌➂✥➑✭➄❪➃✥❸❚❾q❼➨→t❷➌➑✭➄❪➃❪❼t❻✫➄❊❾✭❿➌➄✥➈➎❿➌❽❈➑q➠⑩❼❬❽✭❾q➆✌❼❬❷❘➙⑩❻✫❸⑩❾q➆

❾q❼✻→t❷➌➑✭➄❪➃❪❼t❻❪➔P❸⑩❷➌❿➌❸⑩➄✥❿➌❽q➙q➞❃➡✮❻✥❼❬➄❪❼❬❽❁➃✥❸❺❻✥❼❬➈✍➆❏➄✮❻✥❼❬➄✥➑✭❷➁➃✥❸⑩❾q➆❏➄❃❼❤➧✲❹☛❼t❻✫❿➌➈✍❼❬❽❁➃✥❸⑩❷➁❼❬➄✠❼❬❽✍❻✥➆⑩➇☛➆⑩➃✥➄✚➈➊➉➆⑩➋✲❿➌❷➁❼❬➄✚➸✌➺q❼t❹☛❼t❻✫❸

↕❈➑q❼➏❻✥❼❬➄❪❹✰❸⑩❷➌❾✭❸⑩❽➜❷➌❸✒❹☛❼t❻✥➐❛➆⑩❻✫➈➎❸⑩❽✭→❤❼✌❾q❼❬❷❆❸⑩❷➁➙⑩➆⑩❻✫❿➁➃✥➈✍➆✍❹✭❻✥➆⑩❹✰➑q❼❬➄❪➃❪➆q➞

➻❯➼q➽✠➾➝➚❆➪❁➶✜➹❈➘❚➴✌➷⑦➬➱➮❺✃❺❐❁❒❤❮t➷⑦❰✢➷⑦➮✕Ï✔Ð❛➷❤Ñ❈❒❬➮✕➬➱➮✰Ò❏Ó✻❒❤❐✲Ô❬❐❁Ï➢Ð❛➷❤Ñ❈❒❬➮✕➬➱➮✰Ò❏Ó✻➮❃➷⑦Õ✰❒❡Ñ❈Ð✠➮❃➷⑦ÏPÖ✤❐❁❒❤×⑩ØtÓ➏❮⑦Ð➁ÕqØ⑦Ï❪➷⑦❒❬Ù✫Ñ❈Ð➁➬PÑ❏Ø⑦➬➱➮✰ÒqÚ

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❫❈✉☛r✾❵➒❫❈♥✒♣✭❣☛❭♦❨♠❞❡r✲♥❤❫❈♥✍✉☛❴éè✕✈♠❣☛❵é❢t❫❈✉☛❨♠♥✒ê✭❣☛❨➛ë☛❞❡❨♠♥❡❨♠♣q❢t❫❍❨♠❵❊❫❈ë☛❞❡❨♠♣☛✉☛❴❛ì❺❫⑩❧❡❨➜❨♠♣➊❞❡r✲①✌ír❈❢❤❴❛✈❺❫❘î✠♥❡❣☛❞❡ï✲❨➜❵➒❫✢♣☛❨♠✈♠❨♠♥❡❴❛✉✕❫❈✉

✉☛❨♦❨♠♣☛✈♠r✲♣q❢❤❞❤❫❈❞➎❭ðí❨⑦❢❤r✰✉☛r✲♥➎✉☛❨♦❫❈ë☛❞❡❨♠♣☛✉☛❴❛ì❺❫⑩❧❡❨❈î✜ê✭❣☛❨➛♥❡❨♦✈♠r✲♣☛✈♠❨♠♣q❢❤❞❡❨♠♣ñ❨♠♣óò Õ✍ô➷

❢❤❴❛❨♠♣☛❨➛ê✭❣☛❨♦❞❡❨♠♥❡r✲❵éõ✲❨♠❞➎❨♠❵✻❞❡r✲①➓r❈❢❺î

❭♦❨❪❧❡r✲❞➏ê✭❣☛❨➦❨♠♣ ❮➢ô❐❁❰✢❐

❞❡❨♠♥❡r✲❵éõ✲❨♠❞✹✈♠❴❛❨♠❞✫❢t❫➝❢t❫❈❞❡❨❺❫❯ö➱÷q❫➛ê✭❣☛❨➦❨♠❵✮❫❈❭➝①☛❴❛❨♠♣q❢❤❨✍ë☛❣☛❨♠✉☛❨➦✈❺❫❈❭➝①☛❴➒❫❈❞tø❬✇

ù

♣ú❵❛r✲♥óí❣☛❵é❢❤❴❛❭♦r✲♥➦✉☛❴❛❨♠ì❍❫❆û♣☛r✲♥♠î✻❵➒❫➫❢❘í❨♠✈♠♣☛❴❛✈❺❫ã✉☛❨❯❫❈ë☛❞❡❨♠♣☛✉☛❴❛ì❺❫⑩❧❡❨✾ë➓r✲❞➜❞❡❨⑦ü➣❣☛❨♠❞❡ì♠róöPý✹þ✜ø➦ÿ✕❫ã❞❡❨♠✈♠❴❛①☛❴❛✉☛r➊❨♠♥❡ë➓❨♠✈♠❴➒❫❈❵

❫❁❢❤❨♠♣☛✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣óë✕❫❈❞❤❫❦❢❤❞❤❫❁❢t❫❈❞♦✈♠r✲♣ó❨♠♥✫❢❤❨➩❢❤❴❛ë➓r❦✉☛❨➩ë☛❞❡r✲①☛❵❛❨♠❭✢❫❈♥♠✇

ù

♥✫❢❤❨➩❭ðí❨⑦❢❤r✰✉☛r ❨♠♥✫❢❆í❫ñ①✕❫❈♥❤❫❈✉☛rñ❨♠♣óë☛❞❡❨♠❭♦❴❛r✲♥➛÷

✈❺❫❈♥✫❢❤❴❛ï✲r✲♥♠î✌✉☛❨♠ë➓❨♠♣☛✉☛❴❛❨♠♣☛✉☛r✩✉☛❨➩♥❡❴❚♥❡❨➩✈♠❣☛❭♦ë☛❵❛❨➫rñ♣☛r✩✈♠r✲♣ ✈♠❴❛❨♠❞✫❢t❫➊❢t❫❈❞❡❨❺❫❘✇▼þ✚r✲♥➅ë☛❞❡❨♠❭♦❴❛r✲♥➛÷✸✈❺❫❈♥✫❢❤❴❛ï✲r✲♥✢♥❡r✲♣

❵❛❵➒❫❈❭✢❫❈✉☛r✲♥✤❞❡❨⑦ü➣❣☛❨♠❞❡ì♠r✲♥✹ë➓r✲♥❡❴é❢❤❴éõ✲r✲♥➨÷✾♣☛❨♠ïq❫❁❢❤❴éõ✲r✲♥✌❞❡❨♠♥❡ë➓❨♠✈⑦❢❤❴éõ❈❫❈❭♦❨♠♣q❢❤❨❈✇

ù

♣✾❨♠❵❃❭♦r✰✉☛❨♠❵❛r➦♥✫❢t❫❈♣☛✉✕❫❈❞❡✉➅✉☛❨✍ý✹þ✔î✰❣☛♣✾❫❈ï✲❨♠♣q❢❤❨✒❴❛♣q❢❤❨♠❞❤❫❈✈⑦❢✠í❣✕❫➦❨♠♣✾❣☛♣✾❫❈❭➝①☛❴❛❨♠♣q❢❤❨✒❫➦❢❤❞❤❫❺õ✻í❨♠♥➨✉☛❨✒❵➒❫➦ë➓❨♠❞❡✈♠❨♠ë➓✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣

÷✾❵➒❫➝❫❈✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✠✇

ù

♣❯✈❺❫❈✉✕❫➝❴é❢❤❨♠❞❤❫❈✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✠î❘❨♠❵✚❫❈ï✲❨♠♣q❢❤❨➎ë➓❨♠❞❡✈♠❴❛①➓❨✒♥❡❣❯❨♠♥✫❢t❫❈✉☛r

Ø

❨♠♣❍❨♠❵✮❫❈❭➝①☛❴❛❨♠♣q❢❤❨❈î☛❞❡❨❺❫❈❵❛❴❛ì❺❫✶❵➒❫➝❫❈✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣

Ñ

÷✾❞❡❨♠✈♠❴❛①➓❨➎❣☛♣✕❫➜♥❡❨✭û♣✕❫❈❵✚❨♠♥❡✈❺❫❈❵➒❫❈❞➏✉☛❨➎❞❡❨⑦ü➣❣☛❨♠❞❡ì♠r ✁ ✇

ù

❵✮ë☛❞❡r✲①☛❵❛❨♠❭✢❫➜ê✭❣☛❨✶✉☛❨♠①➓❨➦❞❡❨♠♥❡r✲❵éõ✲❨♠❞✹❨♠❵✜❫❈ï✲❨♠♣q❢❤❨➦❨♠♥❚ÿ✕❫❈❵❛❵➒❫❈❞➨❣☛♣✕❫➛ë➓r✲❵ í✂❢❤❴❛✈❺❫☎✄✔î❆ê✭❣☛❨➦❭✢❫❈ë➓❨♠❨➎✈❺❫❈✉✕❫♦❨♠♥✫❢t❫❈✉☛r

Ø

❣☛♣✕❫♦❫❈✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣

Ñ

î☛÷✾ê✭❣☛❨➎❵❛❨✍ë☛❞❡r⑩õ✲❨❺❫♦❨♠❵✚❭óí❫✝✆❘❴❛❭♦r➝①➓❨♠♣☛❨⑦è✕✈♠❴❛r✢❫➜❵➒❫❈❞❡ï✲r➜ë☛❵➒❫❈ì♠r✟✞✠☛✡❝✇

ù

❵❃❫❈❵❛ï✲r✲❞❡❴é❢❤❭♦r✍❭óí❫❈♥➢✉☛❴éü➣❣☛♣☛✉☛❴❛✉☛r➎✉☛❨♠♣q❢❤❞❡r➝✉☛❨❚❵➒❫❈♥✻❢❘í❨♠✈♠♣☛❴❛✈❺❫❈♥➢✉☛❨✒ý✹þ➩❨♠♥✌☞✹❩❪❵❛❨❺❫❈❞❡♣☛❴❛♣☛ï☛îqê✭❣☛❨✹ü➣❣☛❨❚r✲❞❡❴❛ï✲❴❛♣✕❫❈❵❛❭♦❨♠♣q❢❤❨

ë☛❞❡r✲ë☛❣☛❨♠♥✫❢❤r❯ë➓r✲❞✎✍ñ❫❁❢❤✐✭❴❛♣☛♥✏✞✒✑☛✓✔✡❝✇

ù

♣➊❨♠♥✫❢❤❨♦❫❈❵❛ï✲r✲❞❡❴é❢❤❭♦r♦ÿ✕❫❺÷ã❣☛♣✕❫➅ü➣❣☛♣☛✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣ã✉☛❨♦❫❈✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✰❩ õ❈❫❈❵❛r✲❞✖✕✢ö✘✗✚✙✜✛✰ø❚ê✭❣☛❨

❨✢✆❘ë☛❞❡❨♠♥❤❫✢❵➒❫➝❣❘❢❤❴❛❵❛❴❛✉✕❫❈✉➅✉☛❨✍❢❤r✲❭✢❫❈❞➨❵➒❫➛❫❈✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣

Ñ

❨♠♣❯❨♠❵✚❨♠♥✫❢t❫❈✉☛r

Ø

✣✥✤✧✦✩★✔✪✢✫✭✬✮✪✢✯✰✦✩✱✲✬✘✳✵✴☛✦✷✶✸✳✹✯✰★✝✺☛✬✮✪✹✻✽✼✿✾✳✹✱❁❀❃❂✔✪✹✻✽✺✝❄✬✮✪✹✴❅✴☛✦✷✶✸✼✦✩✱✔✻✽✼❆✪✹❇✸❈❊❉✝✪✹✻✥✬✮✪✹❇●❋✰❍✧✪✜✬✘✺✝✫✮✪✢❄✦✿❇✩❀❃■❏✱✝✼❑✹✦✩✫✮❇✭✼❆✴✝✪✹✴✌✴☛✦▼▲◆✺✝✦✩✱✝✳✲❇✸❖❏✼✫✘✦✿❇✩❀

❖❏✫✘P✹✦✩✱✲✬✘✼✱✔✪✝◗

❘ ✶✸✦✩✱✲✬✘✦✩✫▼❙❚✳✹✫❯❈●✱✝P✹✼✱✝✦✩✦✩✫✘✼✱✝P✎❱☛✻✽✼✦✩✱✔✻✽✦✹❀❲❖✧✴☛❑✜✪✢✱✔✻✽✦✿✴☎❳❨✦✿❇✭✦✿✪✢✫✮✻✮❩❭❬❪✶◆❈◆❱☛❖✧❳❴❫✭✶❴❱☛❵❛✤❝❜✥❀❡❞▼✪✢❢❛❳❨✼❆✴☛P✹✦✌❍✧✪✜✬✘✼✳✹✱✔✪✢❄❊❣❲✪✢❤✐✳✹✫✮✪✜✬✘✳✹✫✘❋✹❀

(2)

✉☛r✶÷✢❫❈✈⑦❢❤❣✕❫❈❵❛❴❛ì❺❫❈✉☛r☛✇❊þ✮❫➦ë➓r✲❵ í✂❢❤❴❛✈❺❫✍♥❡❣☛❞❡ï✲❨❚✉☛❴❛❞❡❨♠✈⑦❢t❫❈❭♦❨♠♣q❢❤❨✹✉☛❨✒✈♠r✲♣☛♥❡❴❛✉☛❨♠❞❤❫❈❞ ✕

î✰❨♠❵◆✕ r✲ë❘❢❤❴❛❭♦r☛î✲÷♦♥❡❨♠❵❛❨♠✈♠✈♠❴❛r✲♣✕❫❈❞í

❵➒❫➛❫❈✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣➭ír✲ë❘❢❤❴❛❭✢❫✶❨♠♣➫✈❺❫❈✉✕❫➜❨♠♥✫❢t❫❈✉☛r☛❜✷✄

ö✘✗❏ø✄✂ ✛ ✁✆☎ ❭✢❫✝✆

ö✘✗✚✙✜✛✰ø❬✇

r✰✉☛r✲♥➏❵❛r✲♥➏❞❡❨♠♥❡❣☛❵é❢t❫❈✉☛r✲♥➨❢❤❨✚ír✲❞❡❴❛✈♠r✲♥➨♥❡r✲①☛❞❡❨➎✈♠r✲♣qõ✲❨♠❞❡ï✲❨♠♣☛✈♠❴➒❫➛✉☛❨✍❵❛r✲♥➏❫❈❵❛ï✲r✲❞❡❴é❢❤❭♦r✲♥➢✉☛❨➎ý✹þ✔î✕❫❈♥❡❣☛❭♦❨♠♣❍❣☛♣❍❨♠♥❡ë✕❫❈✈♠❴❛r

è✕♣☛❴é❢❤r ✉☛❨➫❨♠♥✫❢t❫❈✉☛r❁❩✥❫❈✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✠✇✳þ✮❫❦♣☛❨♠✈♠❨♠♥❡❴❛✉✕❫❈✉ ✉☛❨➫❣☛♣ó❨♠♥❡ë✕❫❈✈♠❴❛r❦è✕♣☛❴é❢❤r ✉☛❨➫❨♠♥✫❢t❫❈✉☛r❁❩✥❫❈✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✸❞❡❨♠ë☛❞❡❨♠♥❡❨♠♣q❢t❫✩❣☛♣

♥❡❨♠❞❡❴❛r✾r✲①☛♥✫❢❆í❫❈✈♠❣☛❵❛r✾ë✕❫❈❞❤❫➅❵➒❫❈♥✒❫❈ë☛❵❛❴❛✈❺❫❈✈♠❴❛r✲♣☛❨♠♥❚❞❡❨❺❫❈❵❛❨♠♥✒✉☛❨➛ý✹þ✔î❃ë☛❣☛❨♠♥✫❢❤r❍ê✭❣☛❨❈î✮❵➒❫✢❭✢❫❺÷✲r✲❞❺í✂❫✢✉☛❨♠❵✜❢❤❴❛❨♠❭♦ë➓r☛î❃♣☛r✾❨♠♥

üP❫❈✈⑦❢❤❴❛①☛❵❛❨➛❣☛♥❤❫❈❞➦❨♠♥✫❢t❫❈♥➎❢❘í❨♠✈♠♣☛❴❛✈❺❫❈♥➦❨♠♣✩❫❈ë☛❵❛❴❛✈❺❫❈✈♠❴❛r✲♣☛❨♠♥✍✈♠❣❘÷✲r➫❨♠♥❡ë✕❫❈✈♠❴❛r➫✉☛❨♦❨♠♥✫❢t❫❈✉☛r✲♥✶❨♠♥➦❭➝❣❘÷➊ï✲❞❤❫❈♣☛✉☛❨♦ë✕❫❈❞❤❫❍♥❡❨♠❞

✈♠r✲❭♦ë☛❣❘❢t❫❈✈♠❴❛r✲♣✕❫❈❵❛❭♦❨♠♣q❢❤❨✍❢❤❞❤❫❁❢t❫❈✉☛r☛✇

ù

♣➫✈♠r✲♣☛♥❡❨♠✈♠❣☛❨♠♣☛✈♠❴➒❫❘î❃❨♠❵✜❨♠♥❡ê✭❣☛❨♠❭✢❫♦✉☛❨➝❫❈ë☛❞❡❨♠♣☛✉☛❴❛ì❺❫⑩❧❡❨➦✉☛❨♠①➓❨✶ë☛❞❡r⑩õ✲❨♠❨♠❞✒❣☛♣✕❫

❭♦❨⑦❢❤r✰✉☛r✲❵❛r✲ï✕í✂❫➦ë✕❫❈❞❤❫➛❭♦❨♠❭♦r✲❞❡❴❛ì❺❫❈❞➢÷✾ï✲❨♠♣☛❨♠❞❤❫❈❵❛❴❛ì❺❫❈❞➨❨♠❵✚✈♠r✲♣☛r✰✈♠❴❛❭♦❴❛❨♠♣q❢❤r➜❞❡❨♠❣☛♣☛❴❛✉☛r☛✇

♣✕❫➦♥❡❴é❢❤❣✕❫❈✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣♦ë✕❫❈❞❤❫➎❨♠❵➓❞❡r✲①➓r❈❢➢❨♠♥➢❵➒❫➎❞❡❨♠ë☛❞❡❨♠♥❡❨♠♣q❢t❫❈✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣➅✉☛❨❚♥❡❣✢❨♠♥✫❢t❫❈✉☛r✶✉✕❫❈✉☛r✶❵❛r✲♥✔õ❈❫❈❵❛r✲❞❡❨♠♥✻✉☛❨❚♥❡❣☛♥✤♥❡❨♠♣☛♥❡r✲❞❡❨♠♥♠✇

þ✮❫♦❢t❫❈①☛❵➒❫➛♥❡❴é❢❤❣✕❫❈✈♠❴❛r✲♣✰❩✥❫❈✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✠î✕✈♠❞❡❨♠✈♠❨➝❨♠♣➫ü➣r✲❞❡❭✢❫➛❨✢✆❘ë➓r✲♣☛❨♠♣☛✈♠❴➒❫❈❵✜✈♠r✲♣➩❞❡❨♠♥❡ë➓❨♠✈⑦❢❤r❍❫❈❵✮♣✒í❣☛❭♦❨♠❞❡r♦✉☛❨✶♥❡❨♠♣☛♥❡r✲❞❡❨♠♥♠î❃÷

♥❡❣➫❨✢✆❘ë☛❵❛r✲❞❤❫❈✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✾❨✢✆❘ÿ✕❫❈❣☛♥✫❢❤❴éõ❈❫➛❨♠♥✌❴❛❭♦ë➓r✲♥❡❴❛①☛❵❛❨❈î✰✈♠r✲❭♦r♦❫❈♥

í

❴✠❢t❫❈❭➝①☛❴❛❨♠♣❍♥❡❣❯❨✢✆❘ÿ✕❫❈❣☛♥✫❢❤❴éõ❈❫➛❭♦❨♠❭♦r✲❞❡❴❛ì❺❫❈✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✠✇

r⑩÷➊❨♠♣❦✉✚í✂ ❫❘î✚❵➒❫❈♥

❒❤➷☛✡✭➷tØ➛➮❃➷⑦Õ✰❒❤❐❁➮➓Ñ❈Ð❛➷tØ✢Ñ❈❒❬ÏP➬☞➨❮⑦➬PÑ❈Ð❛➷tØ

î✚ë☛❞❡r⑩õ✲❨♠❨♠♣ñ❣☛♣✕❫❍ë➓r✰✉☛❨♠❞❡r✲♥❤❫✾ÿ☛❨♠❞❡❞❤❫❈❭♦❴❛❨♠♣q❢t❫✾ë✕❫❈❞❤❫✾❢❤❞❤❫❁❢t❫❈❞

✈♠r✲♣➜❨♠❵✰ë☛❞❡r✲①☛❵❛❨♠❭✢❫✹✉☛❨➨❞❡❨♠ë☛❞❡❨♠♥❡❨♠♣q❢t❫❈✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣➜❨♠♣➛ý✹þ ✞✒✑✚✑✹✡✰÷➝❫❈✉☛ê✭❣☛❴❛❨♠❞❡❨♠♣➜ï✲❞❤❫❈♣✶❴❛❭♦ë➓r✲❞✫❢t❫❈✈♠❴➒❫➏ë➓r✲❞✗♥❡❣☛♥❊ë☛❞❡r✲ë☛❴❛❨♠✉✕❫❈✉☛❨♠♥

✉☛❨➎❭♦❨♠❭♦r✲❞❡❴❛ì❺❫❈✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✠î✰ï✲❨♠♣☛❨♠❞❤❫❈❵❛❴❛ì❺❫❈✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣➅÷✾✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞❡❴❛♣☛ï☛✇

r✲❞➎❨❪❧❡❨♠❭♦ë☛❵❛r☛î✠þ✚❴❛♣ ✞✍✝✡✔ÿ✕❫✾❣☛♥❤❫❈✉☛r❍ë➓❨♠❞❡✈♠❨♠ë❘❢❤❞❡r✲♣☛❨♠♥➦❭➝❣☛❵é❢❤❴❛✈❺❫❈ë✕❫✢ë✕❫❈❞❤❫➅r✲①❘❢❤❨♠♣☛❨♠❞➎❣☛♣✕❫❍❫❈ë☛❞❡r❃✆❘❴❛❭✢❫❈✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣➩✉☛❨➜❵➒❫

ü➣❣☛♣☛✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣ ☞➝î✏✎✍❞❡❨⑦❢❤✈tÿ☛❭✢❫❈❞❚÷✒✑❚♣☛✉☛❨♠❞❡♥❡r✲♣ ✞✓✔✡❊ÿ✕❫❈♣➊❣☛♥❤❫❈✉☛r✕✔✗✖✘✑✙✔▼÷ãý✙✚✜✛óë✕❫❈❞❤❫➅r✲①❘❢❤❨♠♣☛❨♠❞✍✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞❡❴❛♣☛ï✾✉☛❨♠❵

✉☛r✲❭♦❴❛♣☛❴❛r➝✉☛❨✍✉☛❴❛✈tÿ✕❫✶ü➣❣☛♣☛✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✠î❘÷➅❭óí❫❈♥➨❞❡❨♠✈♠❴❛❨♠♣q❢❤❨♠❭♦❨♠♣q❢❤❨❈î✣✢✰❨♠ÿ✕❫❈✉ ✞✒✑✆✤☛✡✠÷➅❵❛❣☛❨♠ï✲r✦✥✍❞❡r★✧✲❭✢❫❈♣☛♣✢÷

r✲❵❛❴✷✞✩✝✡❝î☛ÿ✕❫❈♣

❣☛♥❤❫❈✉☛r♦❞❡❨♠✉☛❨♠♥✹✉☛❨✪✎✍r✲ÿ☛r✲♣☛❨♠♣❍÷✘✥✍❞❡r✬✫✌❴❛♣☛ï✭✔✤❨♠❵❛❵✮✢✭❢❤❞❡❣☛✈⑦❢❤❣☛❞❡❨♠♥✹✈♠r✲♣❯♥❡❴❛❭♦❴❛❵➒❫❈❞❡❨♠♥✤ë☛❞❡r✲ë✌ír✲♥❡❴é❢❤r✲♥♠✇

ù

♣úë✕❫❈❞✫❢❤❴❛✈♠❣☛❵➒❫❈❞♠î❊❨♠♣ ☞✹❩❪✐❈r✲ÿ☛r✲♣ ✞✒✑✆✤✰î✰✑✬✯✝✡➏❣☛♣✕❫ã❞❡❨♠✉ú✉☛❨✰✎✍r✲ÿ☛r✲♣☛❨♠♣ð❨♠♥➛❣❘❢❤❴❛❵❛❴❛ì❺❫❈✉✕❫❍÷✩✈❺❫❈✉✕❫ã♣☛❨♠❣☛❞❡r✲♣✕❫➩❢❤❴❛❨♠♣☛❨

❫❈♥❡r✰✈♠❴➒❫❈✉✕❫➛❣☛♣✕❫♦❢❤❞❡❴❛ë☛❵➒❫❯ö➣♥❡❴é❢❤❣✕❫❈✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✠î❆❫❈✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✠î➓ê✲❩ õ❈❫❈❵❛r✲❞tø✤ê✭❣☛❨✶♥❡❨✶❣❘❢❤❴❛❵❛❴❛ì❺❫➜✉☛❨✶❵➒❫➛♥❡❴❛ï✲❣☛❴❛❨♠♣q❢❤❨➎ü➣r✲❞❡❭✢❫❘❜➢♥❡❨✶①☛❣☛♥❡✈❺❫

❨♠♣❯❵➒❫➜❞❡❨♠✉❯❨♠❵✠♣☛r✰✉☛r➛❭óí❫❈♥➏✈♠❨♠❞❡✈❺❫❈♣☛r➅❫➜❵➒❫➝r✲①☛♥❡❨♠❞✫õ❈❫❈✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣❍✉☛❨➎❨♠♣q❢❤❞❤❫❈✉✕❫

÷✾❫❈❵✚ê✲❩õ❈❫❈❵❛r✲❞✎✑✲✇

♣✕❫➝õ✲❨♠ì➦ê✭❣☛❨➊í❨♠♥✫❢❤❨

ÿ✕❫➛♥❡❴❛✉☛r➛❴❛✉☛❨♠♣q❢❤❴éè✕✈❺❫❈✉☛r☛î☛♥❡❣➫❫❈✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣❯❫❈♥❡r✰✈♠❴➒❫❈✉✕❫➜♥❡❨♠❞✕í❫➛❵➒❫➝❭♦❨❪❧❡r✲❞✌❫❈✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣❍ë➓r✲♥❡❴❛①☛❵❛❨❈✇

✱✳✲✴✱ ✵

✞✮☞✍✞✮✬✷✶✺✧✹✸

ù

❵❚❭♦r✰✉☛❨♠❵❛r ✉☛❨✺✥✍❞❡r✬✫✌❴❛♣☛ï✻✔✤❨♠❵❛❵✼✢✭❢❤❞❡❣☛✈⑦❢❤❣☛❞❡❨♠♥❦ö✽✥✪✔✗✢☛ø➜ü➣❣☛❨➩ë☛❞❡r✲ë☛❣☛❨♠♥✫❢❤r✩ë➓r✲❞✾✛✕❞❡❴é❢❤ì♠✐❈❨➫❨♠♣ ✑✬✍★✍❡✑ ✞✤✝✡❚ë✕❫❈❞❤❫

♥❡❣☛ë➓❨♠❞❤❫❈❞➫❫❈❵❛ï✲❣☛♣☛r✲♥❍ë☛❞❡r✲①☛❵❛❨♠❭✢❫❈♥❍✉☛❨❦❵❛r✲♥✾❭✢❫❈ë✕❫❈♥❯❫❈❣❘❢❤r✰r✲❞❡ïq❫❈♣☛❴❛ì❺❫❈✉☛r✲♥✾✉☛❨✿✎✍r✲ÿ☛r✲♣☛❨♠♣✠î✍ë☛❞❡❴❛♣☛✈♠❴❛ë✕❫❈❵❛❭♦❨♠♣q❢❤❨ã❵➒❫

✉☛❴éü✫í✂✈♠❴❛❵➓❨♠❵❛❨♠✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✾✉☛❨➎❵➒❫✶❨♠♥✫❢❤❞❡❣☛✈⑦❢❤❣☛❞❤❫➛✉☛❨➎❵➒❫✶❞❡❨♠✉❍÷➅❵➒❫➝♣☛❨♠✈♠❨♠♥❡❴❛✉✕❫❈✉❍✉☛❨➎✉☛❨⑦è✕♣☛❴❛❞➏❣☛♣❍✉☛❨♠✈❺❫❈❴❛❭♦❴❛❨♠♣q❢❤r➝ë✕❫❈❞❤❫➝õ❈❫❈❞❡❴❛r✲♥

ë✕❫❈❞✕í❫❈❭♦❨⑦❢❤❞❡r✲♥♠✇

♣♦ë☛❞❡❨❬❩❪❞❡❨♠ê✭❣☛❴❛♥❡❴é❢❤r✍❨♠♥❡❨♠♣☛✈♠❴➒❫❈❵☛ë✕❫❈❞❤❫✍ê✭❣☛❨✌❨♠❵☛❭♦r✰✉☛❨♠❵❛r✒✉☛❨❀✎✍r✲ÿ☛r✲♣☛❨♠♣➛♥❡❨❺❫➎✈❺❫❈ë✕❫❈ì➏✉☛❨➏❨♠♣☛✈♠r✲♣q❢❤❞❤❫❈❞✻❵❛r✲♥❊❭✢❫❈ë☛ë☛❴❛♣☛ï✲♥

❫❈ë☛❞❡r✲ë☛❴➒❫❈✉☛r✲♥✗❨♠♣q❢❤❞❡❨✤❵➒❫✹✉☛❴❛♥✫❢❤❞❡❴❛①☛❣☛✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✶✉☛❨✤❨♠♣q❢❤❞❤❫❈✉✕❫❚÷➦❵➒❫✹❞❡❨♠✉✠î✲❨♠♥✗✉☛❨⑦è✕♣☛❴❛❞✗❣☛♣✕❫❚❨♠♥✫❢❤❞❡❣☛✈⑦❢❤❣☛❞❤❫✒✉☛❨➨❞❡❨♠✉➝ê✭❣☛❨➨ë☛❣☛❨♠✉✕❫

✈♠r✲❞❡❞❡❨♠♥❡ë➓r✲♣☛✉☛❨♠❞✔❫❈ë☛❞❡r❃✆❘❴❛❭✢❫❈✉✕❫❈❭♦❨♠♣q❢❤❨✤❫❚❵➒❫✌✉☛❴❛♥✫❢❤❞❡❴❛①☛❣☛✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✶✉☛❨✤❵❛r✲♥✜ë✕❫❁❢❤❞❡r✲♣☛❨♠♥✗✉☛❨➨❨♠♣q❢❤❞❤❫❈✉✕❫❘✇

ù

♣➝❭➝❣☛✈tÿ☛r✲♥❊✈❺❫❈♥❡r✲♥♠î

♥❡❴❛♣ú❨♠❭➝①✕❫❈❞❡ï✲r☛î➢❨♠❵➏✉☛❨♠♥❡✈♠r✲♣☛r✰✈♠❴❛❭♦❴❛❨♠♣q❢❤r➊✉☛❨❯❵➒❫➩✉☛❴❛♥✫❢❤❞❡❴❛①☛❣☛✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣ð✉☛❨❍ë☛❞❡r✲①✕❫❈①☛❴❛❵❛❴❛✉✕❫❈✉ñ✉☛❨❯❵❛r✲♥➜✉✕❫❁❢❤r✲♥➛❴❛❭♦ë☛❴❛✉☛❨➅❵➒❫

❨♠❵❛❨♠✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣❯✉☛❨➎❣☛♣✕❫➝❢❤r✲ë➓r✲❵❛r✲ï✕í✂❫➝❫❈✉☛❨♠✈♠❣✕❫❈✉✕❫❊✞✯❘î❂❁✐✡❝✇

ù

❵➏❭♦r✰✉☛❨♠❵❛r➫✉☛❨✕✥✪✔✗✢❦❢❤❴❛❨♠♣☛❨✾❵❛r✲♥➝❭♦❴❛♥❡❭♦r✲♥✶r✲①✭❧❡❨⑦❢❤❴éõ✲r✲♥➜ê✭❣☛❨❍❵➒❫➩❞❡❨♠✉ð✉☛❨✰✎✍r✲ÿ☛r✲♣☛❨♠♣✠î✻ë➓❨♠❞❡r➊♥❡❣☛ë➓❨♠❞❤❫❈♣☛✉☛r❦❵➒❫❈♥

✉☛❴éè✕✈♠❣☛❵é❢t❫❈✉☛❨♠♥➦❫❈♣q❢❤❨♠❞❡❴❛r✲❞❡❨♠♥♠✇➛þ✮❫❈♥✍♣☛❨♠❣☛❞❡r✲♣✕❫❈♥✍÷ã♥❡❣☛♥➦✈♠r✲♣☛❨✢✆❘❴❛r✲♣☛❨♠♥➎♥❡r✲♣ ❫❈ï✲❞❡❨♠ïq❫❈✉✕❫❈♥✍❨♠♣➊ü➣r✲❞❡❭✢❫➅❴❛♣☛✈♠❞❡❨♠❭♦❨♠♣q❢t❫❈❵❝î

♣☛r♦ÿ✕❫❈①☛❴❛❨♠♣☛✉☛r➛❵➒❫➜♣☛❨♠✈♠❨♠♥❡❴❛✉✕❫❈✉❯✉☛❨➎✉☛❨⑦è✕♣☛❴❛❞✹❫➜ë☛❞❡❴❛r✲❞❡❴✠❨♠❵✠♣✒í❣☛❭♦❨♠❞❡r➛✉☛❨➎❣☛♣☛❴❛✉✕❫❈✉☛❨♠♥✌♣☛❴✚❵➒❫✶❢❤r✲ë➓r✲❵❛r✲ï✕í✂ ❫➦✉☛❨➎❵➒❫➜❞❡❨♠✉✠✇

ù

❵✔❭♦r✰✉☛❨♠❵❛r➅✈♠r✲❭♦ë☛❞❡❨♠♣☛✉☛❨➛❣☛♣➊✈♠r✲♣❏❧❡❣☛♣q❢❤r❄❃✦✉☛❨➛♣☛r✰✉☛r✲♥♠✇❅✔➨❫❈✉✕❫✾♣☛r✰✉☛r✘❆❅❇❄❈ ❢❤❴❛❨♠♣☛❨➛❫❈♥❡r✰✈♠❴➒❫❈✉☛r✾❣☛♣❊❉ ➷t❮⑦Ï❪❐❁❒

✡✭➷❍❒❤➷➣✃❺➷⑦❒❤➷⑦➮❃❮⑦➬PÑ

❆●❋➝ê✭❣☛❨❍❴❛♣☛✉☛❴❛✈❺❫ã❨♠❵➏✈♠❨♠♣q❢❤❞❡r ✉☛❨❯♥❡❣ú✈❺❫❈❭♦ë➓r➊❞❡❨♠✈♠❨♠ë❘❢❤❴éõ✲r ❨♠♣ú❨♠❵✌❨♠♥❡ë✕❫❈✈♠❴❛r❦✉☛❨❍❨♠♣q❢❤❞❤❫❈✉✕❫❈♥❅❍✄■✠✇

♣❯✈♠r✲♣❏❧❡❣☛♣q❢❤r➛✉✕❫❈✉☛r➛✉☛❨✍♣☛r✰✉☛r✲♥➏✈♠r✲♣❍♥❡❣☛♥➏õ✲❨♠✈⑦❢❤r✲❞❡❨♠♥✹✉☛❨➎❞❡❨⑦ü➣❨♠❞❡❨♠♣☛✈♠❴➒❫➜✉☛❨⑦è✕♣☛❨➎❣☛♣✕❫➜ë✕❫❈❞✫❢❤❴❛✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣➅ë✕❫❈❞✫❢❤❴❛✈♠❣☛❵➒❫❈❞✤✉☛❨♠❵

❨♠♥❡ë✕❫❈✈♠❴❛r➫✉☛❨✢❨♠♣q❢❤❞❤❫❈✉✕❫❈♥♠✇

ù

❵➢✈❺❫❈❭♦ë➓r❯❞❡❨♠✈♠❨♠ë❘❢❤❴éõ✲r➩✉☛❨♦❣☛♣✕❫❯✈♠❨♠❵❛✉✕❫

✈♠r✲♣☛♥❡❴❛♥✫❢❤❨✢✉☛❨✢❫❈ê✭❣☛❨♠❵❛❵❛r✲♥➦ë☛❣☛♣q❢❤r✲♥✶❨♠♣❏❍✄■

ë✕❫❈❞❤❫✢❵❛r✲♥✹✈♠❣✕❫❈❵❛❨♠♥✒♥❡❣❑❆●❋✌❨♠♥✒❨♠❵✜❭óí❫❈♥❚✈♠❨♠❞❡✈❺❫❈♣☛r✾✉☛❨➦❢❤r✰✉☛r✲♥❚❵❛r✲♥✌õ✲❨♠✈⑦❢❤r✲❞❡❨♠♥✍✉☛❨➝❞❡❨⑦ü➣❨♠❞❡❨♠♣☛✈♠❴➒❫✢✈♠r✲❞❡❞❡❴❛❨♠♣q❢❤❨♠♥♠✇▲✑✖❨♠♥✫❢❤❨

✈❺❫❈❭♦ë➓r➛♥❡❨➎❵❛r➛✉☛❨♠♣☛r✲❭♦❴❛♣✕❫

❒❤➷ Ò❈➬❝❐❁➮✺✡✭➷✒▼❆❐❁❒❤❐❁➮❃❐❁➬

ù

♣q❢❤❞❡❨✍✈♠❴❛❨♠❞✫❢❤r✲♥✤ë✕❫❈❞❡❨♠♥✤✉☛❨✒♣☛r✰✉☛r✲♥✤ÿ✕❫❺÷✢❨❪❧❡❨♠♥➨ê✭❣☛❨✒❴❛♣☛✉☛❴❛✈❺❫❈♣♦õ✲❨♠✈♠❴❛♣☛✉✕❫❈✉✠✇➢þ✮❫➦❢❤r✲ë➓r✲❵❛r✲ï✕í✂ ❫✍❞❡❨♠♥❡❣☛❵é❢t❫❈♣q❢❤❨❚❨♠♥➨❨♠♥✫❢❤❞❡❴❛✈❬❩

❢t❫❈❭♦❨♠♣q❢❤❨

×

❩❪✉☛❴❛❭♦❨♠♣☛♥❡❴❛r✲♣✕❫❈❵✰✉☛r✲♣☛✉☛❨

×

❨♠♥➢❫❈❵❛ï➨í❣☛♣➝❨♠♣q❢❤❨♠❞❡r➦ë➓r✲♥❡❴é❢❤❴éõ✲r✍✈♠r✲♣✭◆P❖❘◗✗✇

ù

❵☛①☛❵❛r✰ê✭❣☛❨➏✉☛❨➏✈♠r✲♣☛♥✫❢❤❞❡❣☛✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣

(3)

❨❪❧❡❨♠❭♦ë☛❵❛r☛î☛❣☛♣✕❫➛❵ í✂♣☛❨❺❫➝ë✕❫❈❞❤❫ ✂ ✑✲î☛❣☛♣❍❢❤❞❡❴⑩í❫❈♣☛ï✲❣☛❵❛r➝ë✕❫❈❞❤❫ ✂ ✤✰î❘÷✾❣☛♣❍❢❤❨⑦❢❤❞❤❫❈❨♠✉☛❞❡r➛ë✕❫❈❞❤❫ ✂✼✯❘✇

ù

❵❊❫❈❵❛ï✲r✲❞❡❴é❢❤❭♦r➜❴❛♣☛❴❛✈♠❴➒❫➛✈♠r✲♣➩❣☛♣★í❣☛♣☛❴❛✈♠r✢♥❡❴❛❭♦ë☛❵❛❨✢✆

×

❩❪✉☛❴❛❭♦❨♠♣☛♥❡❴❛r✲♣✕❫❈❵❝î☛❞❡❨❺❫❈❵❛❴❛ì❺❫➛✈♠❴❛❨♠❞✫❢t❫♦✈❺❫❈♣q❢❤❴❛✉✕❫❈✉➫è❁❧❤❫✢✉☛❨✶ë✕❫❈♥❡r✲♥

✉☛❨♦❫❈✉✕❫❈ë❘❢t❫❈✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣ãë✕❫❈❞❤❫❍❫❈✈⑦❢❤❣✕❫❈❵❛❴❛ì❺❫❈❞❚❵❛r✲♥❚õ✲❨♠✈⑦❢❤r✲❞❡❨♠♥➦✉☛❨➜❞❡❨⑦ü➣❨♠❞❡❨♠♣☛✈♠❴➒❫❍✉☛❨➜❵❛r✲♥✒♣☛r✰✉☛r✲♥♠î✚÷➩❨♠♣q❢❤r✲♣☛✈♠❨♠♥➦❴❛♣☛♥❡❨♠❞✫❢t❫✾❣☛♣

♣✭❣☛❨⑦õ✲r➅♣☛r✰✉☛r➛✈♠r✲♣☛♥❡❨♠❞✫õ❈❫❈♣☛✉☛r♦❵➒❫➜❨♠♥✫❢❤❞❡❣☛✈⑦❢❤❣☛❞❤❫➛✉☛❨➎♥❡❴❛❭♦ë☛❵❛❨✢✆❘♥♠✇

✱✳✲✂✁ ✄

✑✆☎✞✝

✞✮✑✔✓

✁✒✵

þ✚r✲♥✒❭ðí❨⑦❢❤r✰✉☛r✲♥✒✉☛❨

ÐéÑ✠✟☛✡✾Ð❛➷❤Ñ❈❒❬➮✕➬➱➮✰Ò

✞✒✑✲✡❊✉☛❴éè✕❨♠❞❡❨♠♣ã❨♠❵❊ë☛❞❡r✰✈♠❨♠♥❤❫❈❭♦❴❛❨♠♣q❢❤r➅✉☛❨➝❵❛r✲♥❚✉✕❫❁❢❤r✲♥♠î✠ÿ✕❫❈♥✫❢t❫➅ê✭❣☛❨➜♣☛❨♠✈♠❨♠♥❡❴é❢t❫❈♣

✈♠r✲♣q❢❤❨♠♥✫❢t❫❈❞✒❣☛♣✕❫✢ê✭❣☛❨♠❞✫÷✲✇

ù

♥✫❢❤r➅❣☛♥❡❣✕❫❈❵❛❭♦❨♠♣q❢❤❨✶❴❛♣qõ✲r✲❵❛❣☛✈♠❞❤❫✢❫❈❵❛❭✢❫❈✈♠❨♠♣✕❫❈❞✌❵❛r✲♥✹✉✕❫❁❢❤r✲♥❚✉☛❨✶❨♠♣q❢❤❞❡❨♠♣✕❫❈❭♦❴❛❨♠♣q❢❤r➅❨♠♣➩❵➒❫

❭♦❨♠❭♦r✲❞❡❴➒❫❘î✰÷✾❨♠♣☛✈♠r✲♣q❢❤❞❤❫❈❞✌❵❛r✲♥➏✉✕❫❁❢❤r✲♥➏❞❡❨♠❵❛❨⑦õ❈❫❈♣q❢❤❨♠♥✹❨♠♣❯❵➒❫➝①✕❫❈♥❡❨➎✉☛❨➦✉✕❫❁❢❤r✲♥➏ë✕❫❈❞❤❫➜♥❤❫❁❢❤❴❛♥✫üP❫❈✈♠❨♠❞✌❵➒❫➝ê✭❣☛❨♠❞✫÷✲✇

ù

♥✫❢t❫❯❢❘í❨♠✈♠♣☛❴❛✈❺❫❍❞❡❨♠♥❡❣☛❵é❢t❫❯❴❛✉☛❨❺❫❈❵✔ë✕❫❈❞❤❫❍♥❡❣✩❫❈ë☛❵❛❴❛✈❺❫❈✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣ã❨♠♣✩ý✹þ✸❨♠♣ ❞❡r✲①✌ír❈❢❤❴❛✈❺❫❘î✮ë☛❣☛❨♠♥✶❵❛r✲♥➦❫❈❵❛ï✲r✲❞❡❴é❢❤❭♦r✲♥✒✉☛❨✢ý✹þ

♥❡r✲♣ó✉☛❨➫✈♠r✲♣qõ✲❨♠❞❡ï✲❨♠♣☛✈♠❴➒❫ ❵❛❨♠♣q❢t❫❘î✤÷ú❵❛r❦❭óí❫❈♥♦✈❺❫❈❞❡r ❣☛♥❡❣✕❫❈❵❛❭♦❨♠♣q❢❤❨❯❞❡❨♠♥❡❣☛❵é❢t❫❦♥❡❨♠❞✢❨♠❵✹❭♦r⑩õ✰❴❛❭♦❴❛❨♠♣q❢❤r➊✉☛❨♠❵✹❞❡r✲①➓r❈❢❺î

❭♦❴❛❨♠♣q❢❤❞❤❫❈♥✌ê✭❣☛❨✶❵➒❫➜❭♦❨♠❭♦r✲❞❡❴➒❫✶÷❍❨♠❵✠❢❤❴❛❨♠❭♦ë➓r➛✉☛❨➦ë☛❞❡r✰✈♠❨♠♥❤❫❈❭♦❴❛❨♠♣q❢❤r♦❨♠♥❚❫❈❵❛ï✲r➛❨♠✈♠r✲♣✌ír✲❭♦❴❛✈♠r✟✞✒✑ ❁✐✡❝✇

r✲❞✹❵❛r➜❢t❫❈♣q❢❤r☛î

✈♠r✲♣qõ✰❴❛❨♠♣☛❨➊❫❈❵❛❭✢❫❈✈♠❨♠♣✕❫❈❞➛❢❤r✰✉✕❫ ❵➒❫❦❨✢✆❘ë➓❨♠❞❡❴❛❨♠♣☛✈♠❴➒❫ ✉☛❨♠❵❚❞❡r✲①➓r❈❢❺î➨÷✸❞❡❨❬❩❪❣❘❢❤❴❛❵❛❴❛ì❺❫❈❞➛❵➒❫❦❨✢✆❘ë➓❨♠❞❡❴❛❨♠♣☛✈♠❴➒❫ñ❫❈❵❛❭✢❫❈✈♠❨♠♣✕❫❈✉✕❫

ë✕❫❈❞❤❫➩❨♠♣q❢❤❞❡❨♠♣✕❫❈❞➜❫❈❵❛ï✲r✲❞❡❴é❢❤❭♦r✲♥✍ê✭❣☛❨✾❞❡❨♠ê✭❣☛❨♠❞❡❴❛❞❺í✂❫❈♣ õ❈❫❈❞❡❴➒❫❈♥➦❞❡❨♠ë➓❨⑦❢❤❴❛✈♠❴❛r✲♣☛❨♠♥➝✉☛❨➅❭♦r⑩õ✰❴❛❭♦❴❛❨♠♣q❢❤r✲♥➎✉☛❨♠❵➨❞❡r✲①➓r❈❢❺✇➩þ✮❫

❭♦❨♠❭♦r✲❞❡❴➒❫♦❵➒❫❈ì⑦÷➫ë☛❣☛❨♠✉☛❨➜♥❡❨♠❞✍✈♠r✲♣☛♥❡❴❛✉☛❨♠❞❤❫❈✉✕❫✾❨♠♣q❢❤r✲♣☛✈♠❨♠♥➎✈♠r✲❭♦r➅❣☛♣✕❫✢ü➣r✲❞❡❭✢❫✢✉☛❨➜❞❡❨♠✉☛❣☛✈♠❴❛❞✒❵➒❫✢✉☛❣☛❞❤❫❈✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣ã✉☛❨➜❣☛♣

ë☛❞❡r✰✈♠❨♠♥❡rã✉☛❨✾❫❈ë☛❞❡❨♠♣☛✉☛❴❛ì❺❫⑩❧❡❨✢❨♠♣✩❞❡r✲①✌ír❈❢❤❴❛✈❺❫❘✇

♣✕❫➫õ✲❨♠♣q❢t❫⑩❧❤❫➩✉☛❨➅❵➒❫❈ì⑦÷❦❵❛❨❺❫❈❞❡♣☛❴❛♣☛ï❯❨♠♣ðý✹þ✔î✜❨♠♥➝ê✭❣☛❨➅❵➒❫❯❭♦❴❛♥❡❭✢❫

①✕❫❈♥❡❨➨✉☛❨✤❴❛♣❘ü➣r✲❞❡❭✢❫❈✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✢ö➣❴❝✇❨❈✇✜❭♦❨♠❭♦r✲❞❡❴➒❫qø❬î❏ë☛❣☛❨♠✉☛❨➨♥❡❨♠❞✗❣☛♥❤❫❈✉✕❫❚ë✕❫❈❞❤❫✹❨♠♣q❢❤❞❡❨♠♣✕❫❈❞❊✉☛❴❛♥✫❢❤❴❛♣q❢❤r✲♥✜✈♠r✲❭♦ë➓r✲❞✫❢t❫❈❭♦❴❛❨♠♣q❢❤r✲♥♠î

❣❘❢❤❴❛❵❛❴❛ì❺❫❈♣☛✉☛r➜✉☛❴❛♥✫❢❤❴❛♣q❢t❫❈♥➨ü➣❣☛♣☛✈♠❴❛r✲♣☛❨♠♥✌✉☛❨➎❞❡❨⑦ü➣❣☛❨♠❞❡ì♠r☛✇

þ✮❫❈ì⑦÷➜❵❛❨❺❫❈❞❡♣☛❴❛♣☛ï✍❨♠♣✢ý✹þ❍ü➣❣☛♣☛✈♠❴❛r✲♣✕❫✍✉☛❨✌❵➒❫✍♥❡❴❛ï✲❣☛❴❛❨♠♣q❢❤❨➏❭✢❫❈♣☛❨♠❞❤❫ ✞✒✑✆✩☛✡❝❜➏ö✽✑❏ø✗✈♠r✲♣☛♥✫❢❤❞❡❣❘÷✲❨❚❵➒❫✒①✕❫❈♥❡❨✌✉☛❨✌✉✕❫❁❢❤r✲♥✻✉☛❨✌❵➒❫

❭♦❨♠❭♦r✲❞❡❴➒❫✶❵➒❫❈ì⑦÷✲î☛❭➝❣☛❨♠♥✫❢❤❞❡❨❺❫❈♣☛✉☛r♦❨♠❵✚❨♠♥❡ë✕❫❈✈♠❴❛r➛✉☛❨➎♥❡❴é❢❤❣✕❫❈✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✰❩✥❫❈✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣➅❨♠♣❍ü➣r✲❞❡❭✢❫➜❫❈❵❛❨❺❫❁❢❤r✲❞❡❴➒❫❘îq÷❍❫❈❵❛❭✢❫❈✈♠❨♠♣✕❫❈♣☛✉☛r

❵❛r✲♥➜ë✕❫❈❞❡❨♠♥➛♥❡❴é❢❤❣✕❫❈✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✰❩✥❫❈✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣ñr✲①❘❢❤❨♠♣☛❴❛✉☛r✲♥➜❨♠♣ð❵➒❫➩❭♦❨♠❭♦r✲❞❡❴➒❫✌☞✒ö✽✤✲ø➦✈♠❣✕❫❈♣☛✉☛r❦❨♠♥➛♣☛❨♠✈♠❨♠♥❤❫❈❞❡❴❛r☛î➢✈♠r✲♣☛♥❡❣☛❵é❢t❫➩❨♠♥✫❢t❫

①✕❫❈♥❡❨➛✉☛❨➜✉✕❫❁❢❤r✲♥✍ë✕❫❈❞❤❫➅✈♠r✲♣☛r✰✈♠❨♠❞✍❨♠❵❊❞❡❨♠♥❡❣☛❵é❢t❫❈✉☛r✾✉☛❨➜❣☛♣✕❫❍❫❈✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✠î✠✉☛❨♠♥❡✉☛❨♦✈♠❴❛❨♠❞✫❢t❫➅♥❡❴é❢❤❣✕❫❈✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✠î❃♥❡❴❛♣ã❢❤❨♠♣☛❨♠❞✍ê✭❣☛❨

❨⑦ü➣❨♠✈⑦❢❤❴éõ❈❫❈❭♦❨♠♣q❢❤❨➎❞❡❨❺❫❈❵❛❴❛ì❺❫❈❞❡❵➒❫➦÷✾✉☛❨➎❨♠♥✫❢t❫➜ü➣r✲❞❡❭✢❫➝❨♠♣☛✈♠r✲♣q❢❤❞❤❫❈❞✌❨♠❵✚❭♦❨❪❧❡r✲❞➏❭♦r⑩õ✰❴❛❭♦❴❛❨♠♣q❢❤r☛✇

ù

✆❘❴❛♥✫❢❤❨❈î➏♥❡❴❛♣✸❨♠❭➝①✕❫❈❞❡ï✲r☛î✤❣☛♣✕❫❦✉☛❴éè✕✈♠❣☛❵é❢t❫❈✉úê✭❣☛❨➩♥❡❣☛❞❡ï✲❨❯❨♠♣ó❵➒❫➊❨⑦❢t❫❈ë✕❫❦✉☛❨❯✈♠r✲♣☛♥❡❣☛❵é❢t❫❘❜➩ë✕❫❈❞❤❫➊✈♠❴❛❨♠❞✫❢❤r✲♥♦ë✕❫❈❞❡❨♠♥

Ø⑦➬➱ÏPÕ☛Ñ✭❮⑦➬✕ô❐❁➮❘Ó Ñ✭❮t❮⑦➬✕ô❐❁➮✏✎

î☛❵➒❫➝①✕❫❈♥❡❨➎✉☛❨➎✉✕❫❁❢❤r✲♥✌ë☛❣☛❨♠✉☛❨➦♣☛r➛❨♠♣☛✈♠r✲♣q❢❤❞❤❫❈❞✹♣☛❴❛♣☛ï✲❣☛♣✕❫➜ë✕❫❈❞❡❨❪❧❤❫➜♥❡❴❛❭♦❴❛❵➒❫❈❞♠✇

r✲♥➢❨♠♣☛✈♠r✲♣q❢❤❞❤❫❈❭♦r✲♥✻❨♠♣q❢❤r✲♣☛✈♠❨♠♥✤❫❈♣q❢❤❨✹❵➒❫✍♣☛❨♠✈♠❨♠♥❡❴❛✉✕❫❈✉♦✉☛❨✹❵➒❫✒❴❛♣☛✈♠r✲❞❡ë➓r✲❞❤❫❈✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣➜✉☛❨✹❣☛♣♦♣✭❣☛❨⑦õ✲r➦❢❤❴❛ë➓r➎✉☛❨✌❞❡❨⑦ü➣❣☛❨♠❞❡ì♠r☛î

❨♠❵✌❞❡❨⑦ü➣❣☛❨♠❞❡ì♠r ✁✓✒✕✔✗✖✙✘ î✤✈♠❣❘÷✲r ♥❡❴❛ï✲♣☛❴éè✕✈❺❫❈✉☛r➊❨♠♥♦ê✭❣☛❨❯❵➒❫➩①✕❫❈♥❡❨❯✉☛❨❯✉✕❫❁❢❤r✲♥➛♣☛r❦♥❤❫❈①➓❨❍❞❡❨♠♥❡ë➓r✲♣☛✉☛❨♠❞♦❨♠❵➏õ❈❫❈❵❛r✲❞➝✉☛❨♠❵

❞❡❨⑦ü➣❣☛❨♠❞❡ì♠r☛✇

✚ ✛✢✜❺â✤✣✜Þ✦✥✍ß✙✧✩★✪✜❺å☛✫✬✣❊å❺Ý✮✭

✁✗✲✴✱ ✯

✓✕✡✤✣✍✛✥✞

✄ ✆

✑✗✟✕✴✥✘✚✑

ù

❵☛ë☛❞❡r✲①☛❵❛❨♠❭✢❫✹✉☛❨

❮⑦Ð➁ÕqØ⑦Ï❪➷⑦❒✹Ñ❈Ð➁➬PÑ❏Ø⑦➬➱➮✰Ò

♥❡❣☛❞❡ï✲❨➏✈♠❣✕❫❈♣☛✉☛r✍❵➒❫✹ü➣❣☛♣☛✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣➝✉☛❨➏❞❡❨⑦ü➣❣☛❨♠❞❡ì♠r✍ë☛❞❡r⑩õ✲❨♠❨✌✉☛❴éü➣❨♠❞❡❨♠♣q❢❤❨♠♥✔❞❡❨⑦ü➣❣☛❨♠❞❡ì♠r✲♥

ë✕❫❈❞❤❫➛♥❡❴é❢❤❣✕❫❈✈♠❴❛r✲♣☛❨♠♥➏ë➓❨♠❞❡✈♠❴❛①☛❴❛✉✕❫❈♥➏ë➓r✲❞➏❨♠❵✚❞❡r✲①➓r❈❢➏÷✾ê✭❣☛❨➎ë➓❨♠❞✫❢❤❨♠♣☛❨♠✈♠❨♠♣ã❫➜❵➒❫➝❭♦❴❛♥❡❭✢❫➝✈♠❨♠❵❛✉✕❫➜r➛✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞♠✇

✑❚ë☛❞❡❨♠♣☛✉☛❨♠❞✶❨♠♥✶❨♠♣☛✈♠r✲♣q❢❤❞❤❫❈❞♠î✗❨♠♣ ✈❺❫❈✉✕❫❯♥❡❴é❢❤❣✕❫❈✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✠î✮❵➒❫❍❫❈✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣❦ê✭❣☛❨♦❢❤❴❛❨♠♣☛❨✢❫❈♥❡r✰✈♠❴➒❫❈✉✕❫✾❵➒❫❍❭óí❫✝✆❘❴❛❭✢❫➅♥❡❣☛❭✢❫❍✉☛❨

❵❛r✲♥➛❞❡❨⑦ü➣❣☛❨♠❞❡ì♠r✲♥✢✉☛❨♠♥❡✈♠r✲♣q❢t❫❈✉☛r✲♥♠✇ ✢✰❴❛♣ú❨♠❭➝①✕❫❈❞❡ï✲r☛î✤♥❡❴✌♥❡❨➫❣❘❢❤❴❛❵❛❴❛ì❺❫➩❣☛♣✕❫ã❢❘í❨♠✈♠♣☛❴❛✈❺❫❦✉☛❨❯✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞❡❴❛♣☛ï❦ë✕❫❈❞❤❫➊ÿ✕❫❈✈♠❨♠❞

✈♠r✲❭♦ë☛❣❘❢t❫❈✈♠❴❛r✲♣✕❫❈❵❛❭♦❨♠♣q❢❤❨➨❭✢❫❈♣☛❨❪❧❤❫❈①☛❵❛❨➨❨♠❵✕❨♠♥❡ë✕❫❈✈♠❴❛r➎✉☛❨✌♥❡❴é❢❤❣✕❫❈✈♠❴❛r✲♣☛❨♠♥♠îqë➓r✰✉☛❞❺í✂❫✒ë✕❫❈♥❤❫❈❞✔ê✭❣☛❨✌❵➒❫❈♥✔♥❡❴é❢❤❣✕❫❈✈♠❴❛r✲♣☛❨♠♥✔ê✭❣☛❨

♥❡❨❚❭✢❫❈ë➓❨❺❫❈♣♦❨♠♣➅❣☛♣✢✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞♠î✰♣☛r➦❢❤❨♠♣☛ïq❫❈♣♦❢❤r✰✉✕❫❈♥➢❨♠❵➓❭♦❴❛♥❡❭♦r➎❞❡❨⑦ü➣❣☛❨♠❞❡ì♠r☛î✰ë✕❫❈❞❤❫➦❵➒❫✩í❣☛♣☛❴❛✈❺❫➦❫❈✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣➅❫❈♥❡r✰✈♠❴➒❫❈✉✕❫✍❨♠♣

❨♠♥❡❨➏✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞♠î❈÷➦ë➓r✲❞✗❵❛r✹❢t❫❈♣q❢❤r☛î✲❨♠♥✫❢❤❨♠❭♦r✲♥✗❨♠♣➜ë☛❞❡❨♠♥❡❨♠♣☛✈♠❴➒❫✒✉☛❨✤✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞✥❩✥❫❈❵❛❴➒❫❈♥❡❴❛♣☛ï☛✇

ç

❨♠ë➓❨♠♣☛✉☛❴❛❨♠♣☛✉☛r✒✉☛❨✤❵➒❫✌ü➣❣☛♣☛✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣

✉☛❨➢❞❡❨⑦ü➣❣☛❨♠❞❡ì♠r✹ê✭❣☛❨➢♥❡❨➢❨♠♥✫❢❆í❫✌❣❘❢❤❴❛❵❛❴❛ì❺❫❈♣☛✉☛r☛î⑩❨♠♥✫❢❤❨➢✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞✮ë➓r✰✉☛❞❺í✂❫➨❨♠♣☛✈♠r✲♣q❢❤❞❤❫❈❞✜❵➒❫➏❫❈✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣ñír✲ë❘❢❤❴❛❭✢❫➨ë✕❫❈❞❤❫➨❢❤r✰✉✕❫❈♥✮♥❡❣☛♥

♥❡❴é❢❤❣✕❫❈✈♠❴❛r✲♣☛❨♠♥♦ír✍♣☛r☛✇

r✲❞✔❨❪❧❡❨♠❭♦ë☛❵❛r☛❜✜♥❡❣☛ë➓r✲♣☛ïq❫❈❭♦r✲♥❊ê✭❣☛❨➏❨♠❵☛✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞✔❭✢❫❈ë➓❨❺❫✍❫✒✉☛r✲♥✔♥❡❣☛①➓✈♠r✲♣❏❧❡❣☛♣q❢❤r✲♥✻✉☛❴❛♥➱❧❡❣☛♣q❢❤r✲♥

✉☛❨➎♥❡❴é❢❤❣✕❫❈✈♠❴❛r✲♣☛❨♠♥ ✗✱✰✳✲✵✴✤÷ ✗✱✰✳✲✷✶⑩î☛♥❡❴❛❨♠♣☛✉☛r➛❵➒❫❈♥✌❫❈✈♠✈♠❴❛r✲♣☛❨♠♥❯ír✲ë❘❢❤❴❛❭✢❫❈♥✤✉☛❨☎✗✱✰✳✲✵✴✤÷ ✗✱✰✳✲✷✶⑩î❊✛✌✴✤÷ ✛✸✶✌❞❡❨♠♥❡ë➓❨♠✈⑦❢❤❴éõ❈❫❈❭♦❨♠♣q❢❤❨❈✇

✢✰❣☛ë➓r✲♣☛ïq❫❈❭♦r✲♥▼✛✌✴☛✂ ✑✠✹✌÷☎✛✸✶●✂✼✯✺✹❘✇✗þ✮❫✹♥❡r✲❵❛❣☛✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✶ë✕❫❈❞❤❫✹❵➒❫❚❫❈✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✩ír✲ë❘❢❤❴❛❭✢❫➏✉☛❨♠❵❘✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞✗ë➓r✰✉☛❞❺í✂ ❫✌♥❡❨♠❞✗❨♠♣q❢❤r✲♣☛✈♠❨♠♥

(4)

❨♠♥✫❢❤❞❡❴❛✈⑦❢t❫❘î❃❫❈ÿ☛r✲❞❤❫➛♥❡❣☛✈♠❨♠✉✕❫✢ê✭❣☛❨✶❵❛r✲♥✹❞❡❨⑦ü➣❣☛❨♠❞❡ì♠r✲♥❚ë✕❫❈❞❤❫❭✗✱✰✳✲✵✴➏÷✟✗✱✰✳✲✷✶✒✉✕❫❈♣❯❢❤r✰✉☛r✲♥✹♣☛❨♠ïq❫❁❢❤❴éõ✲r✲♥✁

ù

♣➫❨♠♥✫❢❤❨✸í❣☛❵é❢❤❴❛❭♦r

✈❺❫❈♥❡r☛î➓❨♠❵✜❫❈ï✲❨♠♣q❢❤❨✶♣☛r♦ë☛❣☛❨♠✉☛❨➜❫❈♥❡❴❛ï✲♣✕❫❈❞❡❵❛❨✍❵➒❫♦❫❈✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✂ír✲ë❘❢❤❴❛❭✢❫➛❫❈❵✚✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞♠î➓ë➓❨♠❞➱❧❡❣☛✉☛❴❛✈❺❫❈♣☛✉☛r➅❫❈❵✮❫❈ë☛❞❡❨♠♣☛✉☛❴❛ì❺❫⑩❧❡❨➎÷

❨♠♥✫❢❤r♦r✰✈♠❣☛❞❡❞❡❨➎ë➓r✲❞➏❭óí❫❈♥➏ê✭❣☛❨➦♥❡❨➎❴é❢❤❨♠❞❡❨➎❴❛♣❘è✕♣☛❴é❢t❫❈♥✤õ✲❨♠✈♠❨♠♥♠✇

ù

♣q❢❤r✲♣☛✈♠❨♠♥♠î

Ñ❈Õ✰❰✢➷⑦➮✕Ï Ñ❈❒➎ÐéÑ✾❮❤Ñ❈➮✕ÏP➬ ✡qÑ ✡✾✡✭➷➦➬➱Ï❪➷⑦❒❡Ñ✭❮⑦➬❝❐❁➮❃➷tØtÓ✻➮❃❐➝Ø⑦➬❝➷⑦❰✄✂➓❒❤➷✒Ø⑩❐❁Ð➁Õ✕❮⑦➬❝❐❁➮➓Ñ✾➷⑦Ð☎✂➓❒❤❐✲Ô♠Ð❛➷⑦❰♦ÑqÚ

♣✕❫➩♥❡r✲❵❛❣☛✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✩❫➫♣✭❣☛❨♠♥✫❢❤❞❡r➊ë☛❞❡r✲①☛❵❛❨♠❭✢❫➫❫❈♣q❢❤❨♠❞❡❴❛r✲❞✶✉☛❨➅✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞❡❴❛♣☛ï❁❩✥❫❈❵❛❴➒❫❈♥❡❴❛♣☛ï☛î✮❨♠♥➝ë✕❫❈❞✫❢❤❴❛❞✶❨♠❵✤✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞♠î✔✉☛❨✢❢t❫❈❵

ü➣r✲❞❡❭✢❫➜ê✭❣☛❨➦❫❈ÿ☛r✲❞❤❫➜❵❛r✲♥➏♥❡❣☛①➓✈♠r✲♣❏❧❡❣☛♣q❢❤r✲♥ Ø⑦➬➱Ï✝✆

÷

Ø⑦➬➱Ï✟✞

î☛õ❈❫❺÷q❫❈♣➫❫➜✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞❡❨♠♥✹✉☛❴❛♥✫❢❤❴❛♣q❢❤r✲♥♠✇

✢✰❴❛♣➫❨♠❭➝①✕❫❈❞❡ï✲r☛î❆♥❡❴✜❨♠♣❯õ✲❨♠ì➝✉☛❨✶ë✕❫❈❞✫❢❤❴❛❞✌✉☛❨➦❨♠♥❤❫✢❭✢❫❈♣☛❨♠❞❤❫❘î❆♥❡❨✶✈♠❞❡❨❺❫❈♣❯õ❈❫❈❞❡❴❛r✲♥✹♣☛r✰✉☛r✲♥✹ê✭❣☛❨✶❭✢❫❈ë➓❨♠❨♠♣➩❫❈❵✮❭♦❴❛♥❡❭♦r

✈♠r✲♣❏❧❡❣☛♣q❢❤r➛✉☛❨✍♥❡❴é❢❤❣✕❫❈✈♠❴❛r✲♣☛❨♠♥♠î☛♣☛r➜♥❡❨✍✉☛❴❛♥❡❭♦❴❛♣✭❣❘÷✲❨✍❨♠❵✚❫❈❵❛❴➒❫❈♥❡❴❛♣☛ï☛î✭♥❡❴❛♣☛r➜ê✭❣☛❨✍♥❡❨➎❫❈❣☛❭♦❨♠♣q❢t❫➜❨♠❵➓❢❤❴❛❨♠❭♦ë➓r➝✉☛❨✍ë☛❞❡r✰✈♠❨❬❩

♥❤❫❈❭♦❴❛❨♠♣q❢❤r❯÷ ❵➒❫❯❭♦❨♠❭♦r✲❞❡❴➒❫✾♣☛❨♠✈♠❨♠♥❤❫❈❞❡❴➒❫❘✇

❫❈❭➝①☛❴⑦í❨♠♣ ❨♠♥➝ë➓❨♠❞➱❧❡❣☛✉☛❴❛✈♠❴➒❫❈❵❝î✜♥❡❴➢♥❡❨➅✈♠❞❡❨❺❫❈♣❊✤❯♣☛r✰✉☛r✲♥✶ê✭❣☛❨➅❭✢❫❈ë➓❨♠❨♠♣

ë✕❫❈❞❡✈♠❴➒❫❈❵❛❭♦❨♠♣q❢❤❨✍✈❺❫❈✉✕❫➜❣☛♣☛r✢❫❈❵✠♥❡❣☛①➓✈♠r✲♣❏❧❡❣☛♣q❢❤r ✗✗✴❬î✕✈♠❣✕❫❈♣☛✉☛r♦✈♠r✲♣❯❣☛♣❯♥❡r✲❵❛r➜♣☛r✰✉☛r♦❫❈❵❛✈❺❫❈♣☛ì❺❫❈❞❺í✂❫❘✇

ù

♣q❢❤r✲♣☛✈♠❨♠♥♠î

Ñ❈Õ✰❰✢➷⑦➮✕Ï Ñ❈❒➅ÐéÑñ❮❤Ñ❈➮✕ÏP➬ ✡qÑ ✡❏✡✭➷✾➮❃❐ ✡✭❐⑩Ø❯➷⑦➮✸❰✢❐ ✡✭❐➊Ñ❈❒♠Ô♠➬➱ÏP❒❡Ñ❈❒❬➬❝❐⑩Ó➦➮❃❐❯Ø⑩❐❁Ð➁Õ✕❮⑦➬❝❐❁➮➓Ññ➷⑦Ð✠✂➓❒❤❐✲Ô♠Ð❛➷⑦❰♦Ñ❏✡✭➷

❮⑦Ð➁ÕqØ⑦Ï❪➷⑦❒❬➬➱➮✰Ò❈Ù✫Ñ❈Ð➁➬PÑ❏Ø⑦➬➱➮✰ÒqÚ

✁✗✲✂✁

✂✁

✞✮☞➎✴✥☞✍✑ ☞✍✞✖✧✩✛✫✪✒✬✭✟☛✞✮✓✰✯✲✱✳✛✫✴✥✑✔✬☛✴ ✁✒✵

ç

❫❈✉☛r❚ê✭❣☛❨➨ÿ☛❨♠❭♦r✲♥✜õ✰❴❛♥✫❢❤r❚ê✭❣☛❨➨❨♠❵✰✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞✥❩✥❫❈❵❛❴➒❫❈♥❡❴❛♣☛ï✌❨♠♥✗ë➓❨♠❞➱❧❡❣☛✉☛❴❛✈♠❴➒❫❈❵✭ë✕❫❈❞❤❫✹❨♠❵❘❫❈ë☛❞❡❨♠♣☛✉☛❴❛ì❺❫⑩❧❡❨❈î✲✉☛❨♠①➓❨♠❭♦r✲♥✜❢❤❞❤❫❁❢t❫❈❞

✉☛❨❚✉☛❴❛♥❡❭♦❴❛♣✭❣☛❴❛❞❡❵❛r☛✇

❫❈❞❤❫➦❨♠❵❛❵❛r☛î✭❵❛r➦ë☛❞❡❴❛❭♦❨♠❞❡r➦ê✭❣☛❨✒♥❡❨❚✉☛❨♠①➓❨❚ÿ✕❫❈✈♠❨♠❞➨❨♠♥✤❨♠♥✫❢t❫❈①☛❵❛❨♠✈♠❨♠❞✤❣☛♣✕❫✶❭♦❨♠✉☛❴❛✉✕❫➎✉☛❨♠❵➓ï✲❞❤❫❈✉☛r✶✉☛❨

❮⑦Ð➁ÕqØ⑦Ï❪➷⑦❒❬Ù✫Ñ❈Ð➁➬PÑ❏Ø⑦➬➱➮✰Ò

ö✽✔ ✑✍ø❬✇

r✲♥❡r❈❢❤❞❡r✲♥✍ë☛❞❡r✲ë➓r✲♣☛❨♠❭♦r✲♥❚ê✭❣☛❨

❮⑦Ð➁ÕqØ⑦Ï❪➷⑦❒❬Ù✫Ñ❈Ð➁➬PÑ❏Ø⑦➬➱➮✰Ò➫➷tØ➝ÐéÑ✡✂➓❒❤❐✲ÔtÑqÔ♠➬➱Ð➁➬ ✡qÑ ✡✰✡✭➷✢❐✲Ô♠Ï❪➷⑦➮❃➷⑦❒✶Õ✰➮ ❒❤➷➣✃❬Õ✕➷⑦❒ ✟❏❐✾➮❃➷ ÒqÑ❈ÏP➬

❐♦➮✕Õ✰Ð❛❐⑩Ó➏❮⑦Õ☛Ñ❈➮✣✡✭❐➝Ø⑩➷➝➷tØ☛✂✕➷⑦❒❡Ñ✢Õ✰➮❃❐☞✂✕❐⑩Ø⑦➬➱ÏP➬

î☛✉✕❫❈✉☛r♦❨♠❵✚✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞❡❴❛♣☛ï➛ÿ✕❫❈♥✫❢t❫➜❨♠♥❡❨➦❭♦r✲❭♦❨♠♣q❢❤r➜r✲①❘❢❤❨♠♣☛❴❛✉☛r☛✇

þ✚❣☛❨♠ï✲r☛î✕ë➓r✰✉☛❞❺í✂❫❈❭♦r✲♥➨✉☛❨⑦è✕♣☛❴❛❞✙✔ ✑✺✈♠r✲❭♦r

ö✍✌

✁✓✒✕✔✏✎✒✑

✁✓✒✕✔✔✓

ø

✌ ✁✓✒✕✔✖✕✘✗✍✕

✝✚✙

✉☛r✲♣☛✉☛❨✛✌ ✁✓✒✕✔✢✜ î✣✌ ✁✓✒✕✔✏✎ î✏✌ ✁✓✒✕✔✔✓ ÷✡✌ ✁✓✒✕✔✖✕✘✗✍✕

✝✚✙

♥❡r✲♣➝❨♠❵✭♣✒í❣☛❭♦❨♠❞❡r✹✉☛❨✤❞❡❨⑦ü➣❣☛❨♠❞❡ì♠r✲♥✗ë➓r✲♥❡❴é❢❤❴éõ✲r✲♥♠î❁♣☛❨♠ïq❫❁❢❤❴éõ✲r✲♥♠î❈♣✭❣☛❵❛r✲♥♠î

÷➅❢❤r❈❢t❫❈❵❛❨♠♥♠î☛❞❡❨♠♥❡ë➓❨♠✈⑦❢❤❴éõ❈❫❈❭♦❨♠♣q❢❤❨❈✇

✢✰❴❛♣➛❨♠❭➝①✕❫❈❞❡ï✲r☛îq❨♠♥➢❭óí❫❈♥✔ë➓❨♠❞➱❧❡❣☛✉☛❴❛✈♠❴➒❫❈❵☛❫❈❵✕✈♠r✲❭♦ë➓r✲❞✫❢t❫❈❭♦❴❛❨♠♣q❢❤r❚❢❤❨♠♣☛❨♠❞✻❣☛♣ ✁✓✒✕✔✏✎ ê✭❣☛❨✌❣☛♣ ✁✓✒✕✔✔✓ î✲÷➜ë➓r✲❞✻❵❛r✒❢t❫❈♣q❢❤r☛î

❨♠♥➎✈♠r✲♣qõ✲❨♠♣☛❴❛❨♠♣q❢❤❨♦ê✭❣☛❨➛❵❛r✲♥✍❞❡❨⑦ü➣❣☛❨♠❞❡ì♠r✲♥➎♣☛❨♠ïq❫❁❢❤❴éõ✲r✲♥✒❢❤❨♠♣☛ïq❫❈♣➊✉☛❴❛♥✫❢❤❴❛♣q❢❤r✾ë➓❨♠♥❡r☛✇ ✑✤✌ ✁✓✒✕✔✏✎ ❵❛❨➛❫❈♥❡❴❛ï✲♣✕❫❈❞❡❨♠❭♦r✲♥❚❨♠❵

ë➓❨♠♥❡r✦✥ ✎ ÷❍❫✧✌ ✁✓✒✕✔✔✓ ❨♠❵✚ë➓❨♠♥❡r✦✥ ✓ î☛✉☛❨♠①☛❴❛❨♠♣☛✉☛r♦♥❡❨♠❞★✥ ✎

✥ ✓ ✇➢þ✚❣☛❨♠ï✲r☛î☛♣✭❣☛❨♠♥✫❢❤❞❤❫♦❭♦❨♠✉☛❴❛✉✕❫➝✉☛❨ ✔ ✑✺❨♠♥♠❜

❈✦✩ ✂

ö✪✥ ✎ ✌ ✁✓✒✕✔✏✎✫✑ ✥ ✓ ✌ ✁✓✒✕✔✔✓ ø

✌ ✁✓✒✕✔✖✕✘✗✍✕

✝✚✙

þ✮❫✾✉☛❨⑦❢❤❨♠❞❡❭♦❴❛♣✕❫❈✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣➩✉☛❨➜❵❛r✲♥✹õ❈❫❈❵❛r✲❞❡❨♠♥✒ë✕❫❈❞❤❫➅❵❛r✲♥✒ë✕❫❈❞✕í❫❈❭♦❨⑦❢❤❞❡r✲♥✬✥

÷✭✥

✉☛❨♠ë➓❨♠♣☛✉☛❨♠❞✕í❫❍❨♠♣➊ï✲❞❤❫❈♣ã❭♦❨♠✉☛❴❛✉✕❫✢✉☛❨♠❵

✈♠❞❡❴é❢❤❨♠❞❡❴❛r ✉☛❨♠❵✹❨✢✆❘ë➓❨♠❞❡❴❛❭♦❨♠♣q❢t❫❈✉☛r✲❞♠✇

ù

♣ó❵❛r✲♥♦❨✢✆❘ë➓❨♠❞❡❴❛❭♦❨♠♣q❢❤r✲♥➅ê✭❣☛❨➩♣☛r✲♥❡r❈❢❤❞❡r✲♥✢ÿ☛❨♠❭♦r✲♥✢❵❛❵❛❨⑦õ❈❫❈✉☛r ❫ ✈❺❫❈①➓rñ✈♠r✲♣

❞❡r✲①➓r❈❢❤♥♦❭óír❈õ✰❴❛❵❛❨♠♥♠î➢ÿ☛❨♠❭♦r✲♥✢❫❈♥❡❴❛ï✲♣✕❫❈✉☛r✮✥ ✎ ✂ ✑✲✇✹ã÷✯✥ ✓ ✂ ✑✔✰ ✯❘✇

r✲♥❡r❈❢❤❞❡r✲♥♦✈♠❞❡❨♠❨♠❭♦r✲♥♦ê✭❣☛❨➫❨♠♥✫❢t❫❦❨♠♥✢❣☛♣✕❫

❭♦❨♠✉☛❴❛✉✕❫➜❞❤❫❈ì♠r✲♣✕❫❈①☛❵❛❨❈î☛ë☛❣☛❨♠♥❚❫❈❵✠ÿ✕❫❈✈♠❨♠❞❡♥❡❨➦❵➒❫➜✈❺❫❈♣q❢❤❴❛✉✕❫❈✉❍✉☛❨➎❞❡❨⑦ü➣❣☛❨♠❞❡ì♠r✲♥✹♣✭❣☛❵❛r✲♥✌✈♠r✲♣☛♥❡❴❛✉☛❨♠❞❤❫❈①☛❵❛❨♠♥♠î☛❵➒❫➜❭♦❨♠✉☛❴❛✉✕❫➝✉☛❨

✔ ✑ ë✕❫❈♥❤❫➛❫➛❨♠♥✫❢t❫❈❞✌❭óí❫❈♥➏❴❛♣✲✱✕❣☛❨♠♣☛✈♠❴➒❫❈✉✕❫➜ë➓r✲❞➏❵❛r✲♥➏❞❡❨⑦ü➣❣☛❨♠❞❡ì♠r✲♥✌♣✭❣☛❵❛r✲♥♠✇

✳ ✛✢★ ✧ ✭♦ä ✣

❨♠♣☛❴❛❨♠♣☛✉☛r➩❨♠♣ñ✈♠❣☛❨♠♣q❢t❫➫❵➒❫❈♥➦✈♠r✲♣☛♥❡❴❛✉☛❨♠❞❤❫❈✈♠❴❛r✲♣☛❨♠♥✶❞❡❨♠✈♠❴⑦í❨♠♣ ❭♦❨♠♣☛✈♠❴❛r✲♣✕❫❈✉✕❫❈♥➦❨♠♣ñ❵➒❫❍♥❡❨♠✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣❊✤❍ë☛❞❡❨♠♥❡❨♠♣q❢t❫❈❭♦r✲♥➝❣☛♣

❫❈❵❛ï✲r✲❞❡❴é❢❤❭♦r❍ê✭❣☛❨✾ë➓❨♠❞❡❭♦❴é❢❤❨✢✈♠r✲♣☛♥✫❢❤❞❡❣☛❴❛❞✶❣☛♣✕❫➩✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞❡❴❛ì❺❫❈✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣ ✉☛❨♠❵➨❨♠♥❡ë✕❫❈✈♠❴❛r➩✉☛❨➅♥❡❴é❢❤❣✕❫❈✈♠❴❛r✲♣☛❨♠♥♠î✔✉☛❨➅❭♦r✰✉☛r❯❢t❫❈❵

ê✭❣☛❨➛❵➒❫✢❭♦❨♠✉☛❴❛✉✕❫➅✉☛❨✦✔ ✑✦♥❡❨❺❫✾❭♦❴❛♣☛❴❛❭♦❴❛ì❺❫❈✉✕❫❘î❆❭♦❨♠✉☛❴➒❫❈♣q❢❤❨➝❨♠❵❊❣☛♥❡r❯✉☛❨✦✥✪✔✗✢➓✇

ù

♥✍❴❛❭♦ë➓r✲❞✫❢t❫❈♣q❢❤❨✶❞❡❨♠♥❤❫❈❵é❢t❫❈❞✒ê✭❣☛❨

➮❃❐➦Ø⑩➷✶❮t❐❁➮❘Ø⑦ÏP❒❬Õ ✡q➷✒Õ✰➮➓Ñ➛Ï ÑqÔ♠ÐéÑ✢❮⑦ÐqôÑ❏Ø⑦➬❝❮❤Ñ✵✴✷✶PØtÓ Ñ✹✸

(5)

❨♠❵✔ï✲❞❤❫❈✉☛r❍✉☛❨➛✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞✥❩✥❫❈❵❛❴➒❫❈♥❡❴❛♣☛ï➅ê✭❣☛❨♦ï✲❨♠♣☛❨♠❞❤❫❍❨♠♥❤❫❯❫❈✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣➊❨♠♣❦❨♠♥❡❨♦✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞tø❬✇ ❵✔r✲①✭❧❡❨⑦❢❤❴éõ✲r❯♥❡❨♠❞✕í❫❍❨♠♣q❢❤r✲♣☛✈♠❨♠♥

❭♦❴❛♣☛❴❛❭♦❴❛ì❺❫❈❞✻❨♠♥✫❢❤❨✍õ❈❫❈❵❛r✲❞➏❫❈♥❡r✰✈♠❴➒❫❈✉☛r➜✉☛❨✪✔ ✑✶î☛÷q❫➜♥❡❨❺❫➛✈❺❫❈❭➝①☛❴➒❫❈♣☛✉☛r➜❵➒❫➝❫❈✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣❍✉☛❨♠❵✠✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞♠î✕r➛✈❺❫❈❭➝①☛❴➒❫❈♣☛✉☛r➝❨♠❵

❞❡❨♠ë☛❞❡❨♠♥❡❨♠♣q❢t❫❈♣q❢❤❨➝✉☛❨➎✈♠❵➒❫❈♥❡❨♦ö➣❴❝✇❨❈✇✔❵➒❫➝✈♠r✲❭♦ë➓r✲♣☛❨♠♣q❢❤❨➎♥❡❴é❢❤❣✕❫❈✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣❆ø✤✉☛❨♠❵✚✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞♠✇

ù

❵✮❫❈❵❛ï✲r✲❞❡❴é❢❤❭♦r✶✈♠r✲♣☛♥✫❢t❫➛✉☛❨✪✯➛❨⑦❢t❫❈ë✕❫❈♥♠❜

✂✁☎✄✝✆✟✞✡✠☛✞ ➶✮➼✌☞✲➚✎✍✜➹ ✆ ➪✑✏☛☞✒☞✒✓✕✔➚✎✍✸➶✮➼✗✖✙✘ ✞✡✠☛✠ ✓✚✍✜✛ñ➶✮➼ã➹✢✓✆ ✏ ✞ ☞✒✓➣➚✎✍✮➼✰➹

ù

❵❆r✲①✭❧❡❨⑦❢❤❴éõ✲r✶✉☛❨✌❨♠♥✫❢t❫➦❨⑦❢t❫❈ë✕❫➎❨♠♥✤r✲①❘❢❤❨♠♣☛❨♠❞➢❣☛♣♦✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞❡❴❛♣☛ï➦✉☛❨♠❵❆❨♠♥❡ë✕❫❈✈♠❴❛r➦✉☛❨✹♥❡❴é❢❤❣✕❫❈✈♠❴❛r✲♣☛❨♠♥♠✇✄✔✤r✲❭♦r➎❨♠❵❆✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞✥❩

❫❈❵❛❴➒❫❈♥❡❴❛♣☛ï➛♥❡❨➝r✲❞❡❴❛ï✲❴❛♣✕❫➜ë➓r✲❞✹❭✢❫❈ë➓❨❺❫❈❞✹❨♠♣➩❣☛♣➩❭♦❴❛♥❡❭♦r♦✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞❚♥❡❴é❢❤❣✕❫❈✈♠❴❛r✲♣☛❨♠♥✹ê✭❣☛❨➝❞❡❨♠ê✭❣☛❴❛❨♠❞❡❨♠♣ã❫❈✈♠✈♠❴❛r✲♣☛❨♠♥❚✉☛❴éü➣❨♠❞✥❩

❨♠♣q❢❤❨♠♥♠î❘❵❛r➎ê✭❣☛❨❚♥❡❨✹ë☛❞❡❨⑦❢❤❨♠♣☛✉☛❨❚❨♠♥➢ê✭❣☛❨✹❵❛r✲♥✔✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞❡❨♠♥✤❭✢❫❈ë➓❨♠❨♠♣♦♥❡❴é❢❤❣✕❫❈✈♠❴❛r✲♣☛❨♠♥✻♥❡❴❛❭♦❴❛❵➒❫❈❞❡❨♠♥♠î❈÷q❫➦ê✭❣☛❨✹❵➒❫❈♥➢❫❈✈♠✈♠❴❛r✲♣☛❨♠♥

í

r✲ë❘❢❤❴❛❭✢❫❈♥✶✉☛❨➅❨♠♥✫❢❤r✲♥➜ë✕❫❁❢❤❞❡r✲♣☛❨♠♥➜✉☛❨♠①➓❨♠❞✕í❫❈♣✩♥❡❨♠❞➜ë✕❫❈❞❡❨♠✈♠❴❛✉✕❫❈♥♠î✔✉☛❴❛♥❡❭♦❴❛♣✭❣❘÷✲❨♠♣☛✉☛rã❨♠♣✩✈♠r✲♣☛♥❡❨♠✈♠❣☛❨♠♣☛✈♠❴➒❫➊❨♠❵✤✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞✥❩

❫❈❵❛❴➒❫❈♥❡❴❛♣☛ï☛✇✢þ✮❫❯✈♠r✲♣☛♥✫❢❤❞❡❣☛✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣ ✉☛❨♠❵➢❭✢❫❈ë☛ë☛❴❛♣☛ï❍♥❡❨✢①✕❫❈♥❤❫❯❨♠♣ ❨♠❵✻❭♦r✰✉☛❨♠❵❛r❯✉☛❨✾✥✪✔✗✢➊❣☛♥❤❫❈♣☛✉☛r➫❵➒❫✾õ❈❫❈❞❡❴➒❫❈♣q❢❤❨➛✉☛❨

õ✲❨♠✈⑦❢❤r✲❞✔ê✭❣✕❫❈♣q❢❤❴❛ì❺❫❁❢❤❴❛r✲♣✠✇

ù

❵✰❣☛♥❡r✍✉☛❨✗✥✪✔✗✢➓î❁÷➦❵➒❫❚❫❈✉☛❴❛✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✶✉☛❨✤♣☛❨♠❣☛❞❡r✲♣✕❫❈♥❊ÿ✕❫❈♥✫❢t❫✒ê✭❣☛❨➨❵➒❫✹✉☛❴❛♥✫❢t❫❈♣☛✈♠❴➒❫✹❨♠♣q❢❤❞❡❨➨✈❺❫❈✉✕❫

✈♠r✲❭♦ë➓r✲♣☛❨♠♣q❢❤❨❚✉☛❨❚❵➒❫➦♥❡❴é❢❤❣✕❫❈✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣➛÷♦❨♠❵➓✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞✤♥❡❨❺❫✶❭♦❨♠♣☛r✲❞✤❫✶✈♠❴❛❨♠❞✫❢t❫➦✈♠r❈❢t❫ ◆➓î✭üP❫❺õ✲r✲❞❡❨♠✈♠❨♠❞✕í❫➝❣☛♣✕❫✶✉☛❴❛♥❡❭♦❴❛♣✭❣☛✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣

✉☛❨➎❵➒❫➜❭♦❨♠✉☛❴❛✉✕❫➝✉☛❨ ✔ ✑✏ö➣ë➓r✲❞✌❵➒❫✶ü➣r✲❞❡❭✢❫➝❨♠♣❯ê✭❣☛❨➦♥❡❨➎ï✲❨♠♣☛❨♠❞❤❫➛❨♠❵ ✔ ✑✍ø❬✇

✛✕r✲❞❡❭✢❫❈❵❛❴❛ì❺❫❈♣☛✉☛r☛î❘♥❡❨❺❫✭❈★❨♠❵✮✈♠r✲♣❏❧❡❣☛♣q❢❤r✢✉☛❨➦❵❛r✲♥✌♣☛r✰✉☛r✲♥✹✉☛❨➦❵➒❫➜❞❡❨♠✉✠î❆♥❡❨❺❫✤✣ ö ❆♠ø➨❨♠❵✮✈♠r✲♣❏❧❡❣☛♣q❢❤r✢✉☛❨➦♥❡❴é❢❤❣✕❫❈✈♠❴❛r✲♣☛❨♠♥

ê✭❣☛❨➜♥❡❨➝❭✢❫❈ë➓❨❺❫❈♣ã❨♠♣ã❨♠❵❊✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞✒ï✲❨♠♣☛❨♠❞❤❫❈✉☛r✾ë➓r✲❞✒❨♠❵✗♣☛r✰✉☛r✾✉☛❨➝❵➒❫✢❞❡❨♠✉✺❆❏î✚❫❈❵✜è✕♣✕❫❈❵✗✉☛❨➜❨♠♥✫❢t❫➅❨⑦❢t❫❈ë✕❫❘î✠✉☛❨♠①➓❨

✈♠❣☛❭♦ë☛❵❛❴❛❞❡♥❡❨✍ê✭❣☛❨

❇✦✣ ö ❆♠ø★✧ ❥❆●❋♠ö ✰❪ø✪✩

ö✰❪ø⑩❥ ❖ ◆✸✙ ✫ ❆❑❇ ❈❛✙✗✫ ✰✿✙❃✑ ❖ ✰✄❖ ✌✏✗

◗❨✗✟✬

✁✓✒

✉☛r✲♣☛✉☛❨➅ö✰❪ø✤❞❡❨♠ë☛❞❡❨♠♥❡❨♠♣q❢t❫✢❵➒❫➝✈♠r✲❭♦ë➓r✲♣☛❨♠♣q❢❤❨➎❴➌❩✲í❨♠♥❡❴❛❭✢❫✶✉☛❨♠❵✠õ✲❨♠✈⑦❢❤r✲❞♠✇

✭✎✁☎✄✝✆✟✞✡✠☛✞

➶✮➼➩➼✗✍

➪❏➼✗✍

✘✮✓➣➼✗✍

➚✯✓✚✍✜➶☛✓✱✰✜✓P➶☛✏

ù

♣✢❨♠♥✫❢t❫➎❨⑦❢t❫❈ë✕❫❘î✭♥❡❨✌①☛❣☛♥❡✈❺❫➦❵➒❫➎❫❈✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✸ír✲ë❘❢❤❴❛❭✢❫✒✉☛❨✌✈❺❫❈✉✕❫➎♣☛❨♠❣☛❞❡r✲♣✕❫❘î✭❨♠♣q❢❤❞❡❨♠♣✌í❫❈♣☛✉☛r✲❵➒❫❈♥➢❨♠♣➛ü➣r✲❞❡❭✢❫✒❴❛♣☛✉☛❴éõ✰❴❛✉☛❣✕❫❈❵❝✇

ù

♥✫❢❤rã♥❡❨✢ÿ✕❫❈✈♠❨✢ë➓r✲❞❡ê✭❣☛❨➅❨♠❵✤❫❈❵❛❴➒❫❈♥❡❴❛♣☛ï❍✉☛❨✢❣☛♣ñ♣☛r✰✉☛r☛î✗✉☛❨♠ë➓❨♠♣☛✉☛❨➅✉☛❨➅♥❡❣✩❫❈✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣ ö➣♥❡❴➢❵➒❫➫❫❈✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣ ❨♠♥➝❭✢❫❈❵➒❫❘î✮❵❛r

❭óí❫❈♥➨ë☛❞❡r✲①✕❫❈①☛❵❛❨✍❨♠♥➏ê✭❣☛❨✒❢❤r✰✉☛r✲♥➏❵❛r✲♥➨❞❡❨⑦ü➣❣☛❨♠❞❡ì♠r✲♥➏♥❡❨❺❫❈♣❯♣☛❨♠ïq❫❁❢❤❴éõ✲r✲♥tø❬î❘÷➅❨♠♥➏❨♠♣q❢❤r✲♣☛✈♠❨♠♥✹❣☛♣✕❫➝❨⑦❢t❫❈ë✕❫➜ë☛❞❡❨⑦õ✰❴➒❫➝ë✕❫❈❞❤❫

ë➓r✰✉☛❨♠❞✌ë✕❫❈❞✫❢❤❴❛❞➨ë➓r✲❞✌❫❈❵❛❴➒❫❈♥❡❴❛♣☛ï☛✇

✲✎✁☎✄✝✆✟✞✡✠☛✞ ➶✮➼

✠☛✞

✓✚☞✒✓✕✔➚✎✍

➚❆➪

✖✚✓

➹✢✓✚✍✜✛

þ✚r❚ê✭❣☛❨✤♥❡❨✤①☛❣☛♥❡✈❺❫✒❨♠♣✶❨♠♥✫❢t❫❚❨⑦❢t❫❈ë✕❫✹❨♠♥✜❢❤❞❤❫❁❢t❫❈❞✜❵❛r✲♥✮✈❺❫❈♥❡r✲♥✗✉☛❨✤♥❡❴é❢❤❣✕❫❈✈♠❴❛r✲♣☛❨♠♥✜♥❡❴❛❭♦❴❛❵➒❫❈❞❡❨♠♥✠ê✭❣☛❨✤❞❡❨♠ê✭❣☛❴❛❨♠❞❡❨♠♣➛❫❈✈♠✈♠❴❛r✲♣☛❨♠♥

✉☛❴❛♥✫❢❤❴❛♣q❢t❫❈♥♠✇

r✲❞➦❨❪❧❡❨♠❭♦ë☛❵❛r☛î✜♥❡❣☛ë➓r✲♣☛ïq❫❈❭♦r✲♥➎ê✭❣☛❨♦❢❤❨♠♣☛❨♠❭♦r✲♥➦❣☛♣ ❞❡r✲①➓r❈❢➦✈♠r✲♣✿❁❯♥❡❨♠♣☛♥❡r✲❞❡❨♠♥➝✉☛❴❛♥✫❢❤❞❡❴❛①☛❣✚í✂✉☛r✲♥✍✉☛❨✢❵➒❫✾♥❡❴❛ï✲❣☛❴❛❨♠♣q❢❤❨

❭✢❫❈♣☛❨♠❞❤❫❘❜✜❨♠❵☛ë☛❞❡❴❛❭♦❨♠❞❊♥❡❨♠♣☛♥❡r✲❞✻❨♠♣➛♥❡❣♦✈♠r✲♥✫❢t❫❈✉☛r➎❴❛ì♠ê✭❣☛❴❛❨♠❞❡✉☛r☛î✲❵❛r✲♥❊✉☛r✲♥✔♥❡❴❛ï✲❣☛❴❛❨♠♣q❢❤❨♠♥✻❫❈❵❘ü➣❞❡❨♠♣q❢❤❨❈îq÷➝❨♠❵☛✈♠❣✕❫❈❞✫❢❤r➎❨♠♣➛♥❡❣

✈♠r✲♥✫❢t❫❈✉☛r➛✉☛❨♠❞❡❨♠✈tÿ✕❫❘✇➢þ✮❫➜❫❈✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✳ír✲ë❘❢❤❴❛❭✢❫✶❨♠♥➏ï✲❴❛❞❤❫❈❞➢❨♠♣❍✉☛❴❛❞❡❨♠✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✾✉☛❨♠❵✠♥❡❨♠♣☛♥❡r✲❞➏✉☛❨✍❭♦❨♠♣☛r✲❞✤õ❈❫❈❵❛r✲❞♠✇ ✢✰❴✠❵➒❫✶✈♠r❈❢t❫

◆❯❨♠♥ ✩✓✹❘î❆❵➒❫♦♥❡❴é❢❤❣✕❫❈✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣

✤★✩✓✹❡✙ ✤ ✍✺✹❡✙ ✯✺✹✺✹❡✙ ✯ ✩✓✹

♥❡❨✶❭✢❫❈ë➓❨❺❫♦❨♠♣➩❨♠❵✜✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞▲❆▲✂

✯✺✹✺✹❡✙ ✤★✩✓✹❡✙ ✤★✩✓✹❡✙ ✯✺✹✺✹

þ✮❫➅❫❈✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✺ír✲ë❘❢❤❴❛❭✢❫♦✉☛❨✶❵➒❫✢♥❡❴é❢❤❣✕❫❈✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣➫❭✢❫❈ë➓❨❺❫❈✉✕❫♦❨♠♥✒ï✲❴❛❞❤❫❈❞❚❫✢❵➒❫♦❴❛ì♠ê✭❣☛❴❛❨♠❞❡✉✕❫❘î❃ë➓❨♠❞❡r➅❵➒❫✢❫❈✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✺ír✲ë❘❢❤❴❛❭✢❫➛✉☛❨♠❵

✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞✌❨♠♥ ✹❘✇

ù

♥✫❢❤❨ ✔ ✑✺♥❡❨♠❞✕í❫➛❨♠❵❛❴❛❭♦❴❛♣✕❫❈✉☛r✶ë➓r✲❞➏ë✕❫❈❞✫❢❤❴❛✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✾✉☛❨➎❵❛r✲♥➏✈♠❵❛❣☛♥✫❢❤❨♠❞❡❨♠♥♠✇

✳❀✲✴✱ ✴

✞✠✟☛✑✻✛✫✛✥✞✮✬ ☞✍✞✜✛➛✑✻✛

✡➢✓❆✴ ✟

✵✤Ï Ñ✹✂☛Ñ✦✂➓❒❤➷

➬PÑ✒✶

❐❁➮❘Ø⑦ÏP❒❬Õ✕❮t❮⑦➬✕ô❐❁➮✺✡✭➷➦ÐéÑ➅ÔtÑ❏Ø⑩➷ ✡✭➷ ✡qÑ❈Ï❪❐⑩Ø➦ÐéÑ✠✟☛✡

❫❺÷ó❣☛♣✕❫✩❨⑦❢t❫❈ë✕❫ñë☛❞❡❨⑦õ✰❴➒❫✩❫❈❵✒❫❈❵❛ï✲r✲❞❡❴é❢❤❭♦r☛î✤ê✭❣☛❨ã❨♠♥✾❵➒❫ ✈♠r✲♣☛♥✫❢❤❞❡❣☛✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✙✉☛❨➩❣☛♣✕❫✩①✕❫❈♥❡❨ã✉☛❨➩✉✕❫❁❢❤r✲♥✾❵➒❫❈ì⑦÷ú✉☛❨

❢❤❣☛ë☛❵➒❫❈♥➏✉☛❨✍❢❤❞❤❫❈♣☛♥❡❴❛✈♠❴❛r✲♣☛❨♠♥✸✷ ✕ ✂

✬ ✕✎ ✴✹✙✜✛ ✕ ✎ ✴✹✙✹✬ ✕

î☛✉☛r✲♣☛✉☛❨✺✬ ✕ ❨♠♥➏❵➒❫➝♥❡❴é❢❤❣✕❫❈✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣❍❫❈✈⑦❢❤❣✕❫❈❵❝î✻✬ ✕✎ ✴✤❵➒❫➝♥❡❴é❢❤❣✕❫❈✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣

❫❈♣q❢❤❨♠❞❡❴❛r✲❞♠î❁÷☎✛

✕✎

✴✮❵➒❫✹❫❈✈♠✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✶ê✭❣☛❨➨ë➓❨♠❞❡❭♦❴é❢❤❴⑩ír➏ë✕❫❈♥❤❫❈❞✗✉☛❨✙✬

✕✎ ✴✜❫✝✬

ù

♥✫❢❤r✒♥❡❨✤ÿ✕❫❈✈♠❨✤❭♦❨♠✉☛❴➒❫❈♣q❢❤❨➢❵➒❫✹❨❪❧❡❨♠✈♠❣☛✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣✶✉☛❨

❭♦r⑩õ✰❴❛❭♦❴❛❨♠♣q❢❤r✲♥❊❨✢✆❘ë☛❵❛r✲❞❤❫❁❢❤r✲❞❡❴❛r✲♥❊❫❈❵❛❨❺❫❁❢❤r✲❞❡❴❛r✲♥✗✉☛❨♠❵✕❞❡r✲①➓r❈❢❺✇✆✻✒①☛♥❡❨♠❞✫õ❈❫❈❞✔ê✭❣☛❨✌♣☛r➎♥❡❨✌❵❛❨➏❫❈♥❡r✰✈♠❴➒❫✍❫✍❵➒❫❈♥✗❢❤❞❤❫❈♣☛♥❡❴❛✈♠❴❛r✲♣☛❨♠♥

♣☛❴❛♣☛ï➨í❣☛♣ãõ❈❫❈❵❛r✲❞✍✉☛❨♦❞❡❨⑦ü➣❣☛❨♠❞❡ì♠r☛î✗✉✕❫❈✉☛r❯ê✭❣☛❨♦❵➒❫❍①✕❫❈♥❡❨♦✉☛❨♦✉✕❫❁❢❤r✲♥➎❵➒❫❈ì⑦÷ã❨♠♥➦❴❛♣☛✉☛❨♠ë➓❨♠♣☛✉☛❴❛❨♠♣q❢❤❨♦✉☛❨♦❵➒❫➅ü➣❣☛♣☛✈♠❴⑩ír✲♣❦✉☛❨

❞❡❨⑦ü➣❣☛❨♠❞❡ì♠r➛ö➣r✹♥❡❨❺❫❘î❈❵❛r✹ê✭❣☛❨✤ë☛❞❡❨⑦❢❤❨♠♣☛✉☛❨♠❭♦r✲♥✜❨♠♥✗❣☛♥❤❫❈❞✜❵➒❫➏❭♦❴❛♥❡❭✢❫➏①✕❫❈♥❡❨➢ë✕❫❈❞❤❫✹✉☛❴❛♥✫❢❤❴❛♣q❢t❫❈♥✚ü➣❣☛♣☛✈♠❴❛r✲♣☛❨♠♥✜✉☛❨➢❞❡❨⑦ü➣❣☛❨♠❞❡ì♠r✭ø❬✇

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