CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES

About the Editors

.

Contributors . xx

Preface . . . .

.xlix

Foreword: The Future of Psychiatry Robert Michels,M.D.

. .Iv

VOLUME

I

1

1.1 Introduction and Considerations for

a Brain-Based Diagnostic System in

Psychiatry. . . . 1 Jack A. Grebb, M.D., Arvid Carlsson, M.D., Ph.D.

1.2 FunctionalNeuroanatomy . . . 5 Darlene S. Melchitzky, M.S., David A. Lewis, M.D.

1.3 Neural Development and

Neurogenesis . . . 42 Emanue/ DiCicco-Bloom, M.D., Anthony

Falluel-Morel, Ph.D.

1.4 Monamine Neurotransmitters . . . . 65 Mi/esBerger,M.D., Ph.D., GerardHonig, Ph.D., JenniferM. Wade,Ph.D.,LaurenceH. Tecott,M.D., Ph.D.

1.5 Amino Acid Neurotransmitters. . .. 76

Joseph T. Coyle, M.D.

1.6 Neuropeptides: Biology, Regulation, and Role in Neuropsychiatric

Disorders. . . .. 84 Larry J. Young, Ph.D., Michael J. Owens, Ph.D., Charles B. Nemeroff, M.D., Ph.D.

1.7 NeurotrophicFactors. . . 96

Francis S. Lee, M.D., Ph.D., Moses V. Chao, Ph.D.

1.8 Novel Neurotransmitters . . . 102 Thomas W Sedlak, M.D., Ph.D., Adam l. Kaplin, M.D., Ph.D.

1.9 Intraneuronal Signaling. . . 118 JohnA. Gray,M.D., Ph.D.,BryanL.Roth,M.D., Ph.D.

1.10 Cellular and Synaptic

Electrophysiology. . . .129 Charles F. Zorumski, M.D., Keith E. Isenberg, M.D., StevenMennerick, Ph.D.

1.11 Genome, Transcriptome, and

Proteome: Charting a New Course to Understanding the Molecular

Neurobiology of Mental

Disorders . . . 147 ChristopherE.Mason, Ph.D., Matthew W State, M.D., Ph.D., Steven O. Moldin, Ph.D.

1.12 Psychoneuroendocrinology. . . . 161 DebraS.Harris, M.D., Owen M. Wolkowitz,M.D., Victorl. Reus, M.D.

1.13 Immune System and Central Nervous System Interactions . . . .175

Charles L. Raison, M.D., Monica Kelly Cowles, M.D., M.S., Andrew H. Miller,M.D.

1.14 Chronobiology. . . .198

IgnacioProvencio,Ph.D.

1.15 Applied Electrophysiology. . . . 211 Nashaat N. Boutros, M.D., William G. lacono, Ph.D., Si/vana Galderisi,M.D., Ph.D.

2.3 Neuropsychiatric Aspects of 8rain Tumors. . . . .435

Trevor R. P. Price, M.D.

2.4 Neuropsychiatric Aspects of

Epilepsy . . . .451

MarioF Mendez,M.D.,Ph.D.

2.5 Neuropsychiatric Consequences of Traumatic 8rain Injury. . . .463 Ricardo Jorge, M.D., Robert G. Robinson, M.D.

2.6 Neuropsychiatric Aspects of

Movement Disorders . . . 481 Laura Marsh, M.D., Russell L. Margolis, M.D.

2.7 Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Multiple Sclerosis and Other Demyelinating Disorders . . . 503 Russell T. Joffe, M.D.

2.8 Neuropsychiatric Aspects of HIV Infection and AIDS. . . .506

GlennJ. Treisman,M.D.,Ph.D.,AndrewF Angelino,M.D.,HeidiE. Hutton,Ph.D.,Jeffrey Hsu,M.D.

2.9 Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Other Infectious Diseases (Non-HIV) . . . .532 Brian A. Fallon, M.D.

2.10 Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Prion Disease. . . . 541

Alireza Minagar,M.D., Nadejda Alekseeva, M.D., Paul Shapshak, Ph.D., Francisco Fernandez, M.D.

2.11 Neuropsychiatric Aspects of

Headache . . . .559 Kathleen R. Merikangas, Ph.D., Suzan Khoromi, M.D., M.S., James R. Merikangas, M.D.

2.12 Neuropsychiatric Aspects of

Neuromuscular Disease . . . 566

Randolph B. Schiffer,M.D., James W. Albers, M.D., Ph.D.

2.13 Psychiatric Aspects of Child

Neurology. . . . .573

Martin H. Teicher, M.D., Ph.D.

2.14 Neuropsychiatry of Neurometabolic and Neuroendocrine Disorders . . .592

Mark Walterfang,FRANZCP, Ramon Mocellin, FRANZCP, Dennis Velakoulis, FRANZCP

CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE

PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES 619

3.1 Sensation, Perception, and

Cognition . . . 61 9

Louis J. Cozolino, Ph.D., Daniel J. Siegel, M.D. 1.16 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging

and Spectroscopy: 8asic Principies and Recent Findings in Neuropsychiatric

Disorders . . . .248

Graeme F Mason, Ph.D., John H. Krystal, M.D., Gerard Sanacora, M.D., Ph.D.

1.17 Radiotracer Imaging with Positron Emission Tomography and Single Photon Emission Computed

Tomography . . . .273

JulieK. Staley, Ph.D., John H. Krystal, M.D.

1.18 Population Genetics and Genetic Epidemiology in psychiatry . . . .299 Steven O. Moldin, Ph.D., Mark J. Daly, Ph.D.

1.19 Genetic Linkage Analysis of Psychiatric Disorders . . . .320 Scott C. Fears, M.D., Ph.D., Carol A. Mathews, M.D., Nelson B. Freimer,M.D.

1.20 Animal Models in Psychiatric

Research. . . . 333 Elaine E. Storm, Ph.D., Jennifer Hsu, Ph.D., Laurence H. Tecott,M.D., Ph.D.

1.21 Pain Systems: Interface with the

Affective 8rain . . . 341

Christopher D. Breder, M.D, Ph.D., Charles M. Conway, Ph.D.

1.22 The Neuroscience of Social

Interaction . . . .345 Thalia Wheatley, Ph.D., Alex Martin, Ph.D.

1.23 8asic Science of Self . . . .353 Debra A. Gusnard, M.D.

1.24 8asic Science of Sleep. . . . .361

RuthM. Benca,M.D.,Ph.D.,ChiaraCirelli,M.D.,

Ph.D., Giulio Tononi, M.D., Ph.D.

1.25 8asicScienceof Appetite

1.26 Neuroscience of Substance Abuse and Dependence . . . .387

RonaldE. See,Ph.D.,PeterW.Kalivas,Ph.D.

2

NEUROLOGY 394

2.1 The Neuropsychiatric Approach to

3

the Patient . . . .394

Fred Ovsiew,M.D.

2.2 Neuropsychiatric Aspects of

Cerebrovascular Disorders . . . .420

3.2 Piaget and Cognitive

Development . . . .635 Stanleyl. Greenspan, M.D., JohnF Curry, Ph.D.

3.3 LearningTheory. . . .647 Mark E. Bouton, Ph.D.

3.4 Biologyof Memory. . . 658 Ken A. Paller, Ph.D., Larry R. Squire, Ph.D.

3.5 BrainModels of Mind . . . .673 Karl H. Pribram, M.D., Ph.D.

3.6 Consciousness and Dreaming from a Pathophysiological Perspective:

The Thalamocortical Syndrome . . . 683 RodolfoR. Llinás,M.D., Ph.D.

3.7 Normality and Mental Health . . . 691 GeorgeE. Vaillant, M.D., Caroline O. Vaillant, M.S.W

4

SOCIOCUlTURAl SCIENCES 707

4.1 Sociologyand Psychiatry. . . .707 Ronald C. Kessler, Ph.D.

4.2 Sociobiology and psychiatry

. . . . .716

4.3 Sociopolitical Aspects of Psychiatry: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder . . . .728

Sally L. Satel, M.D., B. Christopher Frueh, Ph.D.

4.4 TransculturalPsychiatry. . . .734 Robert Kohn, M.D., Ronald M. Wintrob, M.D., Renato D. Alareón, M.D., M.P.H.

5

METHODS IN PSYCHIATRY 754

5.1 Epidemiology. . . .754 William E. Narrow, M.D., M.P.H., Maritza

Rubio-Stipee, Se.D.

5.2 Statistics and Experimental

Design . . . .771 Eugene M. Laska, Ph.D., Morris Meisner, Ph.D., Carole Siegel, Ph.D.

6

PSYCHOPATHOlOGY

788

6.1 Classical Psychoanalysis . . . .788

W W Meissner,S.f., M.D.

6.2 ErikH. Erikson. . . .838

Dorian Newton, Ph.D.

6.3 Other Psychodynamic Schools . . . . 847 Paul C. Mohl, M.D., Adam M. Brenner, M.D.

6.4 Approaches Derived from Philosophy and Psychology . . . .870

Paul T. Costa, Jr., Ph.D., Robert R. MeCrae, Ph.D.

7

EXAMINATION OF THE PSYCHIATRIC

PATIENT 886

7.1 PsychiatricInterview,History,and

Mental Status Examination 886

Kevin M. McIntyre, M.D., Jessiea R. Norton, M.D., John S. McIntyre,M.D.

7.2 PsychiatricReport, Medical Record, and Medical Error. . . . 907

Benjamin J. Sadoek,M.D.

7.3 Signs and Symptoms in

Psychiatry . . . 91 8 Benjamin J. Sadoek, M.D.

7.4 Practice Guidelines in Psychiatry. .929

JohnS. McIntyre,M.D.

7.5 Clinical Neuropsychology and Intellectual Assessmentof

Adults 935

Rex M. Swanda, Ph.D., Kathleen Y.Haaland, Ph.D.

7.6

Children

Russell L. Adams, Ph.D., Jan L. Culbertson, Ph.D.

7.7

Assessmentof Children 973

Martha Bates Jura, Ph.D., Lorie A. Humphrey,

Ph.D.

7.8

Testingin Psychiatry. . . .995

Barry H. Guze, M.D., Martha James,M.D.

7.9 Principies and Applications of

Quantitative Electroencephalography in Psychiatry. . . 1013 E. Roy John,Ph.D., Leslie S. Priehep, Ph.D.

7.10 PsychiatricRating Scales . . . 1032

Deborah Blaeker, M.D., Se.D.

7.11 Electronic Media in Psychiatry . . . 1059 Zebulon Taintor,M.D.

8

CllNICAl

9

1108

9.1 PsychiatricClassification . . . 1108

MarkZimmerman,M.D.,RobertL. Spitzer,M.D.

9.2 The Classification of Mental Disorders in the International C/assification of

Diseases . . . : . . . 1139 Norman Sartorius, M.D., Ph.D.

10

AND OTHER COGNITIVE DISORDERS

AND MENTAL DISORDERS DUE TO A

GENERAL MEDICAL CONDITION 1152

10.1 Cognitive Disorders:

Introduction . . . 1152 Robert A. Sweet, M.D.

10.2 Delirium. . . 1153

Lalith Kumar K. Solai, M.D.

10.3 Dementia . . . 1167

Stephanie S. Richards, M.D., Robert A. Sweet, M.D.

10.4 Amnestic Disorders and Mild

Cognitive Impairment. . . 1198

Carmen Andreescu, M.D., Howard J. Aizenstein, M.D., Ph.D.

10.5 Other Cognitive and Mental Disorders Due to a General

Medical Condition . . . 1207

Laurie L. Lavery, M.D., Ellen M. Whyte,M.D.

11

11.1 Introduction and Overview

. . . 1237

Eric C. Strain,M.D.,JamesC. Anthony,M.Sc., Ph.D.

11.2 Alcohol-Related Disorders. . . . . .1268 Marc A. Schuckit, M.D.

11.3 Amphetamine (or

Amphetamine-like)-Related Disorders 1288

UnaD. McCann,M.D.,GeorgeA. Ricaurte,M.D., Ph.D.

11.4 Caffeine-Related Disorders . . . 1296 Laura M.Juliano, Ph.D., Roland R. Griffiths, Ph.D.

11.5 Cannabis-Related Disorders. . . . . 1309 WayneD.Hall, Ph.D., Louisa Degenhardt, Ph.D.

11.6 Cocaine-Related Disorders . . . 131 8 Roger D. Weiss, M.D., Rocco A.Iannucci, M.D.

11.7 Hallucinogen-Related Disorders. .1331 ReeseT.Jones, M.D.

11.8 Inhalant-Related Disorders . . . 1341 JosephT.Sakai, M.D., Thomas J.

Crowley, M.D.

11.9 Nicotine-Related Disorders . . . . .1353 John R. Hughes, M.D.

11.10 Opioid-Related Disorders . . . .1360

Eric C. Strain, M.D., Michelle R. Lofwall, M.D., Jerome H. Jaffe, M.D.

11.11 Phencyclidine (or

Phencyclidine-like)-Related Disorders 1387

Daniel C. Javitt, M.D., Ph.D., Stephen R. Zukin, M.D.

11.12 Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or

Anxiolytic-Related Disorders 1397

Domenic A.Ciraulo, M.D., Ofra Sarid-Segal, M.D.

11.13

Harrison G. Pope, Jr., M.D., Kirk J. Brower, M.D.

12

PSYCHOTICDISORDERS

1432

12.1 Introductionand Overview. . . 1432

12.2 Phenomenology of

Schizophrenia. . . 1433 Stephen Lewis, M.D., P.Rodrigo Escalona, M.D., Samuel J.Keith, M.D.

12.3 Worldwide Burden of

Schizophrenia . . . 1451

Assen Jablensky, M.D.

12.4 Geneticsof Schizophrenia. . . . 1462 George Kirov, Ph.D., Michael J. Owen, M.D., Ph.D.

12.5 The Clinical Epidemiologyof

Schizophrenia . . . 1475

Jim van Os,M.Sc.,Ph.D.,JudithAllardyce,M.P.H., Ph.D.

12.6 Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology

ofSchizophrenia . . . .1487 Ana D. Stan, M.D., Alan Lesselyong, M.S., Subroto Ghose, M.D., Ph.D.

12.7 Structural Brain Imaging in

Schizophrenia . . . 1494 MarthaE.Shenton, Ph.D., Marek Kubicki, M.D., Ph.D.

12.8 Functional Brain Imaging in

Schizophrenia . . . 1507

12.9 Molecular Brain Imaging in

Schizophrenia

. . . .

Dean F. Wong, M.D., Ph.D., Gerhard Gründer, M.D., Nicola G. Cascella, M.D., James Robert Brasié, M.D., M.P.H

12.10

Schizophrenia. . . 1531 Riehard S. E. Keefe, Ph.D., Charles E. Eesley, Ph.D.

12.11 Schizophrenia: Phenotypic

Manifestations. . . . 1541

Gunvant K. Thaker, M.D.

12.12 Schizophrenia: Pharmacological

Treatment . . . 1547 JohnM.Kane, M.D., T.SeottStroup, M.D., Stephen R. Marder, M.D.

12.13 Schizophrenia: Psychosocial

Approaches. . . . 1556 WendyN.Tenhula, Ph.D., Alan S. Bellaek, Ph.D., RobertE.Drake, M.D., Ph.D.

12.14 Medical Health in

Schizophrenia . . . .1572 JohnW. Neweomer, M.D., Peter A. Fahnestoek, M.D., Dan W. Haupt, M.D.

12.15 Recovery in Schizophrenia . . . . .1582 Joel S.Feiner, M.D., Frederiek J. Frese llI, Ph.D.

12.16 Psychosis as a Defining Dimension

in Schizophrenia . . . 1594

Elena/./vleva, M.D.,Ph.D.,CarolA. Tamminga, M.D.

12.17 Other Psychotic Disorders. . . 1605

Laura J. Foehtmann, M.D., Ramin Mojtabai, M.D., Ph.D., M.P.H., Evelyn J. Bromet, Ph.D.

13

MOODDISORDERS

1629

13.1 Mood Disorders: Historical Introduction and Conceptual

Overview . . . 1629

Hagop S. Akiskal, M.D.

13.2 Mood Disorders: Epidemiology. .1645 Zoltán Rihmer, M.D., Ph.D., DSe., Jules Angst, M.D.

13.3 Mood Disorders: Genetics

. . . . .1653

John R. Kelsoe, M.D.

13.4 MoodDisorders:

Neurobiology

. . . 1664

MiehaelE.Thase,M.D.

13.5 Brain Circuits in Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder

. . .

Jonathan B. Savitz, Ph.D., Wayne C. Drevets, M.D.

13.6 Mood Disorders: Intrapsychic and Interpersonal Aspects . . . 1686 John C. Markowitz, M.D., Barbara L. Milrod,M.D. 13.7 MoodDisorders: Clinical

Features. . . 1693

Hagop S. Akiskal, M.D.

13.8 Mood Disorders: Treatment of

Depression . . . 1734

A.JohnRush,M.D.,AndrewA.Nierenberg, M.D. 13.9 Mood Disorders: Treatment of Bipolar

Disorders . . . 1743

Robert M. Post, M.D., Lori L. Altshuler, M.D.

13.10 Mood Disorders: Psychotherapy .1813 John R.MeQuaid, Ph.D.

13.11 Psychoeducation for Bipolar

Disorders . . . 1822

Franeese Colom, Psy.D., Ph.D., M.Se., Eduard Vieta, M.D., Ph.D.

14

14.1 Anxiety Disorders: Introduction

and Overview . . . .1839

DanielS. Pine,M.D.

14.2 Clinical Features of the Anxiety

Disorders . . . .1844 Erin B.MeClure-Tone, Ph.D., Daniel S. Pine, M.D.

14.3 Epidemiology of Anxiety

Disorders. . . 1856 KathleenR.Merikangas, Ph.D., Amanda E.

Kalaydjian,Ph.D.

14.4 Anxiety Disorders: Psychophysiological Aspects. . . . 1864

Christian Grillon, Ph.D.,Brian R. Cornwell, Ph.D.

14.5 Anxiety Disorders: Neurochemical Aspects. . . . 1871 Amir Garakani,M.D., Alexander Neumeister, M.D.,

Omer Bonne, M.D., Dennis S.Charney, M.D.

14.6 Neuroimaging and the Neuroanatomical Circuits Implicated in Anxiety, Fear, and Stress-Induced Circuitry

Disorders . . . 1881 WpyneC. Drevets, M.D., DennisS.Charney, M.D.,

Seott L. Raueh, M.D.

14.7 Anxiety Disorders: Genetics

. . . .1898

14.8 Anxiety Disorders: Somatic

Treatment . . . 1906

14.9 Anxiety Disorders:

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. . . . 191 5

Jonathan D. Huppert, Ph.D., Shawn P. Cahill, Ph.D., Edna B. Foa, Ph.D.

15

Javier l. Escobar, M.D.

1927

16

Dora L. Wang, M.D., Seth Powsner, M.D., Stuart J. Eisendrath, M.D.

1949

18.1b Homosexuality, Gayand Lesbian Identities, and Homosexual Behavior. . . . .2060 Jack Drescher, M.D., William M. Byne, M.D., Ph.D.

18.2 Paraphilias 2090

Reneé M. Sorrentino, M.D.

18.3 Gender Identity Disorders. . . . 2099 Richard Green, M.D., J.D.

18.4 Sexual Addiction . . . 2111 Aviel Goodman, M.D.

v

O

L

U M E 1'1

22

ADJUSTMENTDISORDERS

2187

Jeffrey W Katzman, M.D., Cynthia M. A. Geppert, M.D., Ph.D., M.P.H.

23

2197

C. Robert Cloninger, M.D., Dragan M. Svrakic, M.D., Ph.D.

24

24.1 Historyand Current Trends . . . 2241 Carol L. Alter, M.D., Steven A. Epstein, M.D.

24.2 CardiovascularDisorders 2250

Peter A. Shapiro, M.D., Lawson R. Wulsin, M.D.

24.3 Gastrointestinal Disorders. . . .2263

Francis Creed, FRCP, FRCPsych, FMed Sci

24.4 Obesity . . . 2273 Varsha Vaidya,M.D., Kimberly E. Steele, M.D., Michael Schweitzer, M.D., Michele A. Shermack, M.D.

24.5 RespiratoryDisorders . . . 2289

Michael G. Moran, M.D.

24.6 Diabetes: Psychosociallssues and Psychiatric Disorders . . . .2294 Wayne Katon, M.D., Paul Ciechanowski, M.D.,

M.P.H.

24.7 Endocrine and Metabolic

Disorders . . . 2303 Natalie L. Rasgon, M.D., Ph.D., Victoria C. Hendrick, M.D., Thomas R. Garrick, M.D.

24.8 Psycho-Oncology. . . 2314

William S. Breitbart, M.D., Marguerite S. Lederberg, M.D., Maria A. Rueda-Lara, M.D.,

Ye§'neAlzcl, M.D.

24.9 End-of-Lifeand PalliativeCare . . .2353

Marguerite S. Lederberg, M.D.

24.10 Death, Dying, and Bereavement. .2378

Sidney Zisook, M.D., M. Katherine Shear,M.D., Scott A. lrwin, M.D., Ph.D.

24.11 Stress and Psychiatry . . . 2407

Joel E. Dimsdale, M.D., Michael R. lrwin, M.D., Francis J. Keefe, Ph.D., Murray B. Stein, M.D.

24.12 Psychocutaneous Disorders. . . . .2423

Adarsh K. Gupta, M.D.

17

1965

19

DaphneSimeon,M.D.,RichardJ. Loewenstein,M.D. Arnold E. Andersen, M.D., Joel Yager,M.D.

18

20

SEXUAL AND GENDER IDENTITY MaxHirshkowitz,Ph.D.,RhodaG.

Seplowitz-DISORDERS 2027 Hafkin, M.D., Amir Sharafkhaneh, M.D., Ph.D.

18.1 Normal Human Sexuality. . . 2027

₂₁

IMPULSE-CONTROL DISORDERS NOT

18.1a Normal Human Sexualityand

Sexual Dysfunctions . . . 2027 ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED 2178

24.13

Andrea DiMartini M.D., Mary Amanda Dew, Ph.D., Catherine Chang Crone, M.D.

24.14 Psychiatric Care of the Burned

Patient . . . 2456

Michael Blumenfield, M.D., Martha C. Gamboa, M.D., Julianne K. Suojanen, D.O.

25

R. Bryan Chambliss, M.D., Susan V. McLeer, M.D.

2469

26

MAYBEA FOCUS OF CLlNICAl

ATTENTION 2479

26.1 Malingering. . . . 2479

Frank John Ninivaggi, M.D.

26.2 Adult Antisocial Behavior, Criminality,

and Violence . . . .2490

Dorothy Otnow Lewis, M.D.

26.3 Borderline Intellectual Functioning and Academic Problems . . . .2505 Frank John Ninivaggi, M.D.

26.4 Other Additional Conditions That May

Be a Focus of ClinicalAttention . .2512

Susan V. McLeer, M.D., R. Bryan Chambliss, M.D.

27

CUlTURE-BOUNDSYNDROMES

2519

Roberto Lewis-Fernández, M.D., Peter J. Guarnaccia, Ph.D., Pedro Ruiz, M.D.

28

28.1 Psychiatryand Reproductive

Medicine . . . 2539

Sarah L. Berga, M.D., Barbara L. Parry, M.D., Eydie L. Moses-Kolko, M.D.

28.2 Genetic Counseling for psychiatric

Disorders . . . .2562 Holly L. Peay, M.S., Donald W Hadley, M.S.

28.3 Physicaland Sexual Abuse of

Adults 2579

Brooke Parish, M.D., Shannon Stromberg, M.D.

28.4 Survivorsof Torture . . . 2583

Allen S. Keller, M.D., Joel Gold, M.D.

28.5 Nonconventional Approaches in

Mental Health Care . . . 2592

James H. Lake, M.D.

28.6 Disaster Psychiatry: Disasters,

Terrorism, and War. . . 2615 David M. Benedek, M.D., Robert J. Ursano, M.D., Harry C. Holloway, M.D.

28.7 Famous Named Cases in

Psychiatry . . . .2625

David Davis, M.D., F.R.C.Psych.

28.8 Psychiatryand Spirituality. . . .2633

Armando R. Favazza, M.D.

28.9 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder . . .2650

Richard J. McNally, Ph.D.

28.10 Pathological Gambling .. . . 2661

Harvey Roy Greenberg, M.D.

28.11 Human Aggression . . . 2671

JeffVictoroff,M.D.

28.12 Physician and Medical Student

Mental Health . . . 2703

KhleberChapmanAttwell,M.D.,M.P.H.

29

29.1 Suicide. . . . .2717 Howard S. Sudak, M.D.

29.2 Other Psychiatric Emergencies. . .2732 David A. Baron, M.S.Ed., D.O., William R. Dubin, M.D., Autumn Ning, M.D.

30

30.1 Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy . . . 2746

T. Byram Karasu, M.D., Sylvia R. Karasu, M.D.

30.2 Psychoanalytic Treatment of

Anxiety Disorders 2775

Eric M. Plakun, M.D.

30.3 Behavior Therapy . . . .2781

MelindaA. Stanley,Ph.D.,DeborahC. Beidel, Ph.D.

30.4 Hypnosis 2804

AllanDavidAxelrad,M.D.,DanielBrown,Ph.D.,

Harold J. Wain, Ph.D. .

30.5 Group Psychotherapy . . . 2832

Henry l. Spitz, M.D.

30.6 Family and Couple Therapy . . . 2845

Henry l. Spitz, M.D., Susan Spitz, A.C.S.W

30.7 Cognitive Therapy . . . .2857

30.8 InterpersonalTherapy.. . . .2873

Robertw: Guynn,M.D.

30.9 Dialectical Behavior Therapy

. . . .

30.10 Intensive Short-TermDynamic

Psychotherapy. . . .2893 Manuel Trujillo, M.D.

30.11 Other Methods of

Psychotherapy. . . 2911

Kenneth Z. Altshuler, M.D., Adam M. Brenner, M.D.

30.12 Combined Psychotherapyand

Pharmacology. . . .2923 EvaM. Szigethy,M.D., Ph.D.,EdwardS.Friedman, M.D.

30.13 Narrative Psychiatry

. . . .2932

30.14 PositivePsychology

. . . .

Ph.D.

30.15 Psychodrama, Sociometry, Sociodrama, and Sociatry . . . .2952 Edward J. Schreiber, Ed.M., M.S.M.

30.16 Evaluationof Psychotherapy . . . .2957

Lucas Torres,Ph.D., StephenM. Saunders, Ph.D.

31

31.1 General Principies of

Psychopharmacology

. . . .

31.2 Drug Development and Approval Process in the United States.

. . . .

31.3 Medication-Induced Movement

Disorders . . . 2996

Philip G. Janicak, M.D., Dennis Beedle, M.D.

31.4 <12-Adrenergic Receptor Agonists:

Clonidine and Guanfacine. . . 3004

Eric Hollander, M.D., Jennifer N. Petras, M.D.

31.5 fJ-AdrenergicReceptor

Antagonists. . . .3009

RogerS.McIntyre, M.D., FRCPC

31.6 Anticholinergics and

Amantadine 3014

Samoon Ahmad, M.D.

31.7 Anticonvulsants: Gabapentin,

Levetiracetam, Pregabalin, Tiagabine, Topiramate, Zonisamide . . . 3021

TerenceA. Ketter,M.D., Po w: Wang, M.D.

31.8 Antihistamines. . . 3033

Roger S.McIntyre, M.D., FRCPC

31.9 Barbiturates and Similarly Acting

Substances. . . .

31.10 Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonists

andAntagonists. . . 3044

Steven L. Dubovsky M.D.

31.11 Bupropion 3056

Charles DeBattista,D.M.H., M.D., Alan F.

Schatzberg, M.D.

31.12 Buspirone.

. . . .

AnthonyJ.Levitt, M.D., Ayal Schaffer, M.D., Krista L. Lanctot, Ph.D.

31.13 Calcium Channellnhibitors . . . 3065

Steven L. Dubovsky,M.D.

31.14 Carbamazepine. . . .3073 RobertM.Post, M.D., MarkA. Frye, M.D.

31.15 Cholinesterase Inhibitors . . . .3089 Michael W. Jann, Pharm.D., Gary w: Small, M.D.

31.16 Disulfiramand Acamprosate . . . . 3099

[liyan [vanov, M.D.

31.17 First-Generation Antipsychotics . . 3105

DanielP.vanKammen,M.D.,Ph.D.,[rene

Hurford, M.D., StephenR.Marder, M.D.

31.18 Lamotrigine. . . 3127

TerenceA. Ketter, M.D., Po w:Wang, M.D.

31.19 Lithium. . . 3132

James w: Jefferson, M.D.,John H.Greist, M.D.

31.20 MelatoninReceptor Agonists:

Ramelteon and Melatonin . . . 3145

Martin B. ScharJ, Ph.D., D. Alan Lankford, Ph.D.

31.21 Mirtazapine. . . 3152

Michael E.Thase, M.D.

31.22 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors . .3154

SidneyH. Kennedy, M.D., Andrew Holt, Ph.D., Glen B. Baker,Ph.D., D.Sc.

31.23 Nefazodone . . . .3164

Amir A. Khan,M.D., Susan G. Kornstein, M.D.

31.24 Opioid ReceptorAgonists: Methadone

and Buprenorphine . . . .3171 Andrew J. Saxon, M.D., Aimee L. McRae-Clark,

Pharm.D., Kathleen T. Brady,M.D., Ph.D.

31.25

Naltrexone and Nalmefene . . . 3177

31.26 Selective Serotonin-Norepinephrine

Reuptake Inhibitors . . . 31 84 Miehael E. Thase, M.D.

31.27 Selective Serotonin Reuptake

Inhibitors . . . 31 90 Norman Sussman, M.D.

31.28 Second-Generation

Antipsychotics. . . . .3206 Stephen R. Marder, M.D., Irene M. Hurford, M.D., Daniel P. van Kammen, M.D., Ph.D.

31.29 Sympathomimetics and Dopamine Receptor Agonists . . . 3241 Jan Faweett, M.D.

31.30 ThyroidHormones . . . .3248 Russell T. Joffe, M.D.

31.31 Trazodone. . . . 3253 John M. Hettema, M.D., Ph.D, Susan G. Kornstein, M.D.

31.32 Tricyclicsand Tetracyclics . . 3259

J. Craig Nelson, M.D.

31.33 Valproate . . . 3271

Robert M. Post, M.D., Mark A. Frye; M.D.

31.34 Brain Stimulation Methods . . . . .3285 31.34a Electroconvulsive

Therapy . . . 3285

JoanPrudie,M.D.

31.34b Other Brain Stimulation

Methods. . . . .3301 Stefan B. Rowny, M.D., Sarah H. Lisanby, M.D.

31.35 Neurosurgical Treatments . . . 3314 Benjamin D. Greenberg, M.D., Ph.D., Darin D. Dougherty, M.D., M.Se., Seott L. Raueh, M.D.

31.36 Combination Pharmacotherapy . .3322 Charles DeBattista, D.M.H., M.D., Alan F.

Sehatzberg, M.D.

31.37 Reproductive Hormonal Therapy: Theoryand Practice . . . .3328 David R. Rubinow, M.D., Peter J. Sehmidt, M.D.

32

32.1 Introductionand Overview . . . 3335

Caroly S. Pataki, M.D.

32.2 NormalChild Development. . . . .3338

Maureen Fulehiero Gordon, M.D.

32.3 Adolescent Development . . . .3356

Caroly S. Pataki, M.D.

33

33.1 PsychiatricExaminationof the Infant, Child, and Adolescent . . . .3366

Robert A. King, M.D., Mary E. Sehwab-Stone, M.D., Armin Paul Thies, Ph.D., Bradley S. Peterson, M.D., Prudenee W Fisher, Ph.D.

33.2 Psychiatric Assessment of

Preschool Children 3400

Helen Link Egger, M.D.

34

Erika L. Nurmi, M.D., Ph.D., James T. MeCraeken, M.D.

35

DISORDERSOF CHILDHOOD

3412

Frank P. MaeMaster, Ph.D., David R. Rosenberg, M.D.

36

FACTORS FOR CHILD PSYCHIATRIC

DISORDERS 3432

David C. Rettew, M.D.

37

Bryan H. King, M.D., Karen E. Toth, Ph.D., Robert M. Hodapp, Ph.D., Elisabeth M. Dykens, Ph.D.

38

38.1 Reading Disorder. . . .3475

Rosemary Tannoek, Ph.D.

38.2 Mathematics Disorder

. . . .3485

Rosemary Tannoek, Ph.D.

38.3 Disorder of Written Expression .. 3493

Rosemary Tannoek, Ph.D.

39

MOTOR

DISORDER:

DEVELOPMENTAL COORDINATION

DISORDER

3501

Caroly S. Pataki, M.D., Wendy G. Mitehell, M.D.

40

COMMUNICATIONDISORDERS

3509

40.1 Expressive Language Disorder . . .3509

Emiko Koyama, M.A., Ph.D., Joseph H. Beitehman, M,D., Caria J. Johnson, Ph.D.

40.2 Mixed Receptive-Expressive

Disorder . . . 3516

Emiko Koyama, M.A., Ph.D., Joseph H. Beitehman, M.D., Caria J. Johnson, Ph.D.

40.4 Stuttering . . . 3528

RobertKroll,M.Se.,Ph.D.,JosephH. Beitehman, M.D.

40.5 Communication Disorder Not

OtherwiseSpecified. . . 3534

41

DISORDERS

3540

Fred R. Volkmar, M.D., Ami Klin, Ph.D., Robert T. Sehultz,

Ph.D., Matthew W. State M.D., Ph.D.

42

42.1 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity

Disorder. . . .3560

LaureneeL. Greenhill,M.D.,Lilyl. Heehtman, M.D.

42.2 Adult Manifestations of

Attention-Deficit/HyperactivityDisorder . . . 3572

James J. MeGough, M.D.

43

DISORDERS Daniel F. Connor, M.D.

3580

44

OF INFANCY AND EARLY

CHILDHOOD 3597

lrene Chatoor, M.D.

45

TICDISORDERS

3609

Rahil Jummani, M.D., Barbara J. Coffey, M.D., M.S.

46

Edwin J. Mikkelsen, M.D.

47

CHILDHOOD, AND ADOLESCENCE 3636

47.1 Reactive Attachment Disorder of Infancy and Early Childhood . . . . 3636 Neil W.Boris, M.D., Charles H. Zeanah, Jr., M.D.

47.2 Stereotypic Movement Disorders in Children . . . .3642 Robert Llyod Doyle, M.D., D.D.S.

47.3 Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood Not Otherwise

Specified 3648

Joan L. Luby, M.D.

48

AND ADOLESCENTS

3652

48.1 Depressive Disorders and Suicide. 3652 Karen Dineen Wagner,M.D., Ph.D., David A. Brent, M.D.

48.2 Early-Onset Bipolar Disorder . . . . 3663

GabrielleA. Carlson,M.D.,StephanieE. Meyer, Ph.D.

49

CHILDREN 3671

49.1 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

in Childhood. . . .

AdamB. Lewin,Ph.D.,JohnPiaeentini,Ph.D.

49.2 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

in Children and Adolescents . . . .3678

JudithA. Cohen,M.D.

49.3 Separation Anxiety, Generalized

Anxiety, and Social Phobia. . . .3684 Courtney P. Keeton, Ph.D., John T. Walkup, M.D.

49.4 Selective Mutism

. . . 3694

R. Lindsey Bergman, Ph.D., Joyce C. Lee, Ph.D.

50

DISORDERS Linmarie Sikieh, M.D.

3699

51

TREATMENT 3707

51.1 Individual Psychodynamic

Psychotherapy. . . .3707

David L. Kaye, M.D.

51.2 Brief Psychotherapies for Childhood and Adolescence . . . 3715

Anthony L. Rostain, M.A., M.D., Martin E. Franklin, Ph.D.

51.3 Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents. . . .3721

AnneMarieAlbano,Ph.D.

51.4 Group Psychotherapy . . . .3731

Margo L. Thienemann, M.D.

51.5 FamilyTherapy . . . 3741

51.6 PediatricPsychopharmacology. . .3756

Christopher J. Kratoehvil, M.D., Timothy E. Wilens, M.D.

51.7 Inpatient Psychiatric, Partial Hospital, and Residential Treatment for

Children and Adolescents . . . .3766 Dana Kober,M.D., Andrés Martin, M.D., M.P.R., ABPP

51.8 Community-Based Treatment. . . .3772

Andrés J. Pumariega, M.D.

51.9 The Treatment of Adolescents . . . 3777 Steven C. Sehlozman, M.D., Eugene V. Beresin,

M.D.

52

OF INTEREST 3784

52.1 Adoption and Foster Care . . . 3784

Sandra B. Sexson, M.D.

52.2 Child Maltreatment . . . .3792 William Bernet, M.D.

52.3 Children's Reaction to IIIness and Hospitalization

. . . .

:

. . . . .

M.D., Maryland Pao, M.D.

52.4 Psychiatric Sequelae of HIV and

AIDS . . . 3814

Mark DeAntonio, M.D.

52.5 Adolescent Substance Abuse. . . .3818 Osear G. Bukstein, M.D., M.P.H.

52.6 Forensic Child and Adolescent

Psychiatry . . . .3834 Diane H. Sehetky, M.D.

52.7 Ethicallssues in Child and

Adolescent Psychiatry. . . . .3840 Adrian N. Sondheimer, M.D.

52.8 School Consultation . . . .3850

AlexaBagnell,M.D.,JeffQ. Bostie,M.D., EdD.

52.9 Prevention of Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents . . . .3864 David A. Mrazek, M.D., F.R.C.Psyeh.,

Patricia J. Mrazek, Ph.D.

52.10 Child Mental Health Services

Research. . . . .3870

Bonnie T. Zima, M.D., M.P.R., Regina Bussing, M.D.

52.11 Impact of Terrorism on Children. .3884

Wanda P. Fremont, M.D.

52.12 Impact on Parents of Raising a Child with Psychiatric IIIness and/or

Developmental Disability . . . .3895

Alíce R. Mao, M.D., Diane E. Treadwell-Deering, M.D., Matthew N. Brams, M.D., Pieter Joost van Wattum, M.A., M.D.

52.13 Pediatric Sleep Disorders . . . .3903

Jess P. Shatkin, M.D., M.P.H., Anna Ivanenko, M.D., Ph.D.

53

ADULTHOOD

3909

Calvin A. Colarusso, M.D.

54

54.1 Overview . . . 3932 54.1a Introduction . . . 3932

Dilip V. Jeste, M.D.

54.1b Epidemiology of Psychiatric Disorders . . . 3941

Celía F. Hybels, Ph.D., Dan G. Blazer,l/, M.D., Ph.D.

54.2 Assessment. . . . 3952

54.2a Psychiatric Assessment of the Older Patient. . . . .3952

Davangere P. Devanand, M.D., Gregory H. Pe/ton, M.D.

54.2b Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Geriatric

psychiatry . . . 3959 Thomas W Meeks, M.D., Dilip V. Jeste, M.D.

54.2e The Aging Brain . . . .3972 Douglas R. Galasko, M.D.

54.2d Psychological Changes with

NormalAging .3981

Jennifer J. Dunkin, Ph.D.

54.2e Neuropsychological

Evaluation . . . 3989

Barton W Palmer,Ph.D., Gauri N. Savia, Ph.D.

54.2f Neuroimaging 3994

Lisa T. Eyler, Ph.D., Gregory G. Brown, Ph.D.

54.2g Genetics of Late-Life Neurodegenerative

54.3 Psychiatric Disorders of

Late Life . . . .401 O 54.3a Assessment of

Functioning.. . . .4010

54.4c Antianxiety Drugs 41 09

Cynthia Thi-My-Huyen Nguyen, M.D., Javaid l. Sheikh, M.D., M.B.A.

54.3b Psychiatric Probléms in the Medically 11IGeriatric

Patient . . . . .4025 Soo Borson, M.D., Jürgen

Unützer M.D., M.P.H.

54.4d Antipsychotic Drugs . . . 411 3 Jonathan P.Lacro, Pharm.D., Christian R. Dolder, Pharm.D.

54.4e Antidementia Drugs . . . 4119

Lon S. Sehneider, M.D.

54.3e Geriatric Mood

Disorders . . . 4047

George S. Alexopoulos, M.D., Robert Emmett Kelly, Jr., M.D.

54.4f Electroconvulsive Therapy and Other Neurostimulation Treatments . . . 41 30 Mustafa M. Husain, M.D., Shawn M. MeClintoek, Ph.D., Paul E. Croarkin,

D.O.

54.4g Psychosocial Factors in Psychotherapy of the

Elderly . . . 4143 Joel Sadavoy, M.D., F.R.C.P.(C)

54.3c Sleep Disorder. . . . 4034 JanaR.Cooke, M.D., Sonia

Aneoli-lsrael, Ph.D.

54.3d Anxiety Disorders 4040

Julie Loebaeh Wetherell,Ph.D., Murray B. Stein, M.D.

54.4h Individual

Psychotherapy. . . .4148

Joel Sadavoy, M.D., F.R.C.P.(C), Lawrenee W Lazarus, M.D. 54.3f Alzheimer's Disease and

OtherDementias. . . .4058

54.4i Cognitive-Behavioral

Therapy . . . 4155

Erie Granholm, Ph.D., John R.

MeQuaid, Ph.D.

54.3g Delirium. . . .4066

Benjamin Líptzin, M.D., Sandra A. Jaeobson, M.D.

54.3h Schizophrenia and Delusional Disorders . . . .4073

lpsit V. Vahia,M.B.B.S., M.D., Carl l. Cohen, M.D.

54.4j FamilyIntervention and Therapy

with OlderAdults.

54.3i Personality Disorders

. . . .

54.4k Group Therapy . . . 4175 Molyn Leszez, M.D., F.R.C.P.(C)

54.3j Drug and Alcohol Abuse. .4087

David W Oslin, M.D., JohannaR.

Klaus, Ph.D.

54.41 Counseling and Support Needs of Dementia

Caregivers. . . 41 81

Patricia A. Areán, Ph.D., Líat Ayalon,

Ph.D.

54.3k Hearing and Sensory

Loss . . . 4095 Barbara E.Weinstein, Ph.D.

54.5 Health Care Delivery Systems ... 4185 54.5a Financiallssues in the Delivery

of Geriatric Psychiatric

Care. . . 4185

54.4 Treatmentof Psychiatric

Disorders . . . 4101 54.4a General Principies . . . 4101

Bruee G. Polloek, M.D., Ph.D.

54.4b Antidepressants and Mood

Stabilizers. . . .4105

Carl Salzman, M.D.

54.5b Community Services for the Elderly Psychiatric

Patient . . . 4193

54.6 Spedal Areas of Interest . . . .4195 54.6a Psychiatric Aspects of

Long-Term Care . . . .4195

JoelE. Streim,M.D.,IraR. Katz,M.D.,Ph.D.

54.6b Forensic Aspects . . . .4200

David Naimark, M.D., Ansar M. Haroun,

M.D., Elyn R. Saks, J.D.

54.6c

Barton W Palmer,Ph.D.

54.6d Minority and Sodocultural Issues. . . 4214

Warachal Eileen Faison, M.D., Jacobo E. Mintzer, M.D.

54.6e Gender Issues . . . 4224

Helen H. Kyomen, M.D., Marion Zucker Goldstein, M.D.

54.6f ElderMistreatment and

Self-Neglect 4230

Elizabeth J. Santos, M.D., Marion Zucker Goldstein, M.D.

54.6g Sexualityand Aging . . . . .4235

Daniel D. Sewell, M.D.

54.6h Successful Aging . . . .4245

Colin A. Depp, Ph.D., lpsit V. Vahia, M.B.B.S., M.D., Dilip V. Jeste, M.D.

SS

55.1 Public and Community

Psychiatry . . . .4259 Leighton Y. Huey, M.D., Julian D. Ford, Ph.D., Robert F. Cole, Ph.D., John A. Morris, M.S.W

55.2 HealthCare Reform . . . .4282

Leighton Y. Huey, M.D., Steven Cole, M.D., Robert F. Cole, Ph.D., Allan S. Daniels, Ed.D., David J. Katzelnick, M.D.

55.3 The Role of the Hospital in the Care of the Mentally 11I. . . .4299 Jeffrey L. Geller, M.D., M.P.H.

55.4 Mental Health Services

Research. . . . 431 5

Anthony F. Lehman, M.D., M.S.P.H.,Lisa B. Dixon, M.D., M.PB.

55.5 The PsychiatricHospitalist. . . .4322

Barry H. Guze, M.D., Roger A. Donovick, M.D.

55.6 PsychiatricRehabilitation .. . . . .4329

Alex Kopelowicz, M.D., Robert Paul Liberman, M.D., Steven M. Silverstein, Ph.D.

55.7 A Sodocultural Framework for Mental Health and Substance Abuse Service Disparities . . . .4370

MargaritaAlegría,Ph.D.,BerniceA. Pescosolido, Ph.D.,GlorisaCanino,Ph.D.

55.8 Criminalization of Persons with

Severe Mentallllness . . . .4380 H. Richard Lamb, M.D., Linda E. Weinberger, Ph.D.

56

56.1 Graduate PsychiatricEducation ..4396

Larry R. Faulkner, M.D.

56.2 ExaminingPsychiatristsand Other Professionals. . . 441O

James Morrison, M.D., Rodrigo A. Muñoz, M.D.

57

PSYCHIATRY 4427

57.1 Clinical-Legallssues in

Psychiatry . . . .4427 Robert l. Simon, M.D., Daniel W. Shuman, J.D.

57.2 Ethicsin Psychiatry. . . .4439

Roy H. Lubit, M.D., Ph.D.

57.3 Correctional Psychiatry . . . 4449

Henry C. Weinstein, M.D., Carl C. Bell, M.D.

58

Ralph Colp, Jr., M.D.

4474

59

PSYCHIATRY Mario Maj, M.D., Ph.D.

4510