COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY ANALYSIS ON THE CAUSES, MECHANISM AND COUNTERMEASURES OF THE SPREAD OF INTERNET RUMORS

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Revista Argentina de Clínica Psicológica 2020, Vol. XXIX, N°2, 1053-1063

DOI: 10.24205/03276716.2020.346 1053

COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY ANALYSIS ON THE CAUSES, MECHANISM

AND COUNTERMEASURES OF THE SPREAD OF INTERNET RUMORS

Xiaozhu Chen

1

_{, Fang Zhang}

2

_*

Abstract

In recent years, Internet rumors are increasingly rampant, exerting various destructive effects. This paper sets up a cognitive model for individuals based on the neural network, and uses the model to simulate the recognition and memory of rumor information. Drawing on the theories on cognitive psychology, the authors analyzed the origin and spread of Internet rumors as a social communication phenomenon. Three orthogonal training samples were created, and learned by different individuals. The recognition results of these individuals for the same information were observed and compared with the actual data. The results show that the established model output close-to-reality results, and that the Internet rumors are disseminated through four stages: slow germination, accelerated growth, gradual decline and tailing. On this basis, several strategies were presented to cope with the spread of Internet rumors. This research sheds new light on how to create a good public opinion environment.

Key words: Cognitive Psychology, Internet Rumor Spreading, Coping Strategies.

Received: 21-03-19 | Accepted: 06-10-19

INTRODUCTION

With the rapid development of Internet information technology, every network user has been involved in this new technology wave (Vitevitch, Chan, & Goldstein, 2014). The development of network technology brings great convenience to people's life, but at the same time, loopholes in network management also provide opportunities for the generation and spread of network rumors (Zwaan, Pecher, Paolacci et al., 2018). The Blue Paper on National Security: Research Report on National Security of China, compiled by the Center for International Strategy and Security Research of the Institute of International Relations, lists the social shocks caused by domestic Internet rumors and their harm to public security as one

1_{School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui}

University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China. 2_{School of Foreign Languages, Anhui University of}

Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China. E-Mail: [email protected]

of the three hot issues related to China's Internet (Proctor, 2013). Reflecting the importance of Internet rumors from the level of national security strategy. In the process of spreading rumors, the dissemination psychology of rumors producers, rumors and rumors receivers plays a very important role in the dissemination of rumors. This paper intends to analyze the causes of rumors from the perspective of cognitive psychology of dissemination (Small, Wiggins, & Loveday, 2014). The spread of rumors has sudden features, and the speed of circulation is extremely fast, which is likely to have a negative impact on the normal social order (Rivard, Fisher, Robertson et al., 2014). In the context of the world economic downturn and the intensified civilized conflict, with the help of mobile Internet and intelligent terminals, the network rumors further show the characteristics of rapid spread, wide coverage and great destructiveness (Toma, Halpern, & Berger, 2014). This also puts higher demands on the news media to prevent and control rumors and clarify the fallacies. It can be said that there has always been a rumor in the

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XIAOZHU CHEN, FANG ZHANG

1054

history of the development of human social civilization. The rumor dissemination seminar has continued to receive the attention of scholars, and relevant research has continued to progress as people continue to deepen their understanding of society and self (Bodden, Kübler, Knake et al., 2013; Vrij, & Granhag, 2014; Tomasino, Skrap, & Rumiati, 2011).

In 1999, relevant theories of Internet communication were put forward. It is pointed out that rumor is a kind of unknown and unfounded speech, which refers to some people or groups, organizations and countries (Schauber, Hecht, Nouns et al., 2015). According to the specific motivation and desire, the dissemination of a content is not confirmed, lack of basic factual basis, through the spontaneous, non-organizational chain of communication channels in the spread of information (Bloom & Bagno-Moldavsky, 2015). In 2003, rumors related to cognitive psychology were put forward in (Kosten, Scheier, & Grenard, 2013). In 2008, rumors were put forward as the world's oldest communication theory. He pointed out that "what we call rumors is actually the news that has not been officially confirmed or has been officially disproved in society (Hinze & Rapp, 2014). In 2012, the research on Internet rumor governance from the perspective of audience psychoanalysis was put forward (Paletz, Kim, Schunn et al., 2013). In 2017, the nature of rumors spread was presented. The essence of rumors is a process of information diffusion, and at the same time a process of interpretation and comment (Seitlinger, Ley, & Albert, 2015). The popularity of the Internet has provided a natural carrier for the proliferation and spread of rumors. On the one hand, from the power of the media, people are given more information and more personalized information services. On the other hand, the rumors spread quickly and the destructive power to social life is even worse than in the past (Smith, Leach, & Cutler, 2013; Shea, Menon, Smith et al., 2015; Davis, Gibson, & Solomon, 2014). For example, some cyberpolitical rumors that discredit China's national image have caused serious ideological confusion. Not only has it shaken the confidence of the masses in reform, opening up, and stable development, it has led to fierce social unrest, and even led to political instability and serious social and political problems (Rice, Phillips, & O'Toole, 2013).

The psychological process of the audience in the spread of network rumors can be divided into five links: the release of network rumors, credulity, addition, diffusion and focus (Cohn & Campbell,

2015). And think that in these 5 processes. "There is neither a clear demarcation line nor a single psychological state dominating a certain stage of the audience's psychological process, but a complex psychological state in which the audience is entangled when receiving and responding to information (Shaw, Vrij, Leal et al., 2014). Starting from the reality of China's current network public opinion and from the aspects of politics, economy and social psychology, this paper comprehensively analyses the causes of the current network rumors, actively and effectively responds to them, and gives full play to the positive guiding role of network public opinion (Silvia, 2015). This paper intends to collect and analyze the cases of the spread of rumors in the typical public emergencies in recent years in China, and summarize the characteristics of the spread of rumors in the public emergencies in the network era. It is hoped that the study of the underlying causes of these characteristics and the law of the spread of network rumors will contribute a little to the research in this field in the academic circles of our country (Hagenauer, Hascher, & Volet, 2015; Puchalska-Wasyl, 2014; Higgins & Rayner, 2015). It is intended to collect and analyze the cases of network rumor transmission in typical public emergencies in China in recent years, and to

summarize the characteristics of rumor

communication in public emergencies in the network era (Cassi & Plunket, 2014). The research reveals the deep reasons for these characteristics and the law of the spread of the network, and hopes to contribute to the research in this field in China (Koralus, 2016). Therefore, fully understanding the negative impacts of various online rumors and actively seeking coping strategies is not only a problem to be solved in China but also in the world. This paper will provide new experimental theories and methods for exploring the characteristic mechanism of rumor communication, as well as effective and effective ways to achieve (Vrij, Mann, Jundi et al., 2014).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

From the perspective of communication cognitive psychology, there are three basic elements for the formation of network rumors. One is the source of communication, the other is the channel of communication, and the third is the audience. The three elements constitute an ecological chain of the generation, dissemination and formation of network rumors. If the audiences are not confused by rumors, there will be no escape from Internet rumors. From the perspective of consequences, it can be classified

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COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY ANALYSIS ON THE CAUSES, MECHANISM AND COUNTERMEASURES OF THE SPREAD OF INTERNET RUMORS 1055

into harmful rumours and harmless rumors. From the perspective of time, it can be divided into past rumours, news current events, rumours and future prophecies. From the time of existence, it is divided into short-term rumors, medium-term rumors and long-term rumors. From the perspective of morphology, it includes political rumours, social life rumors, economic rumors and rumors of war situations. From the point of view of influence, there are regional rumours, national rumours and global rumours. It can also be divided into terrorist type, harm type, compassion type, interest type and so on. The most prominent characteristics of the network society are openness and unlimited expansibility. Openness ensures the possibility of symbolic interaction and communication among individuals, groups and countries, and greatly improves the speed and breadth of information diffusion. It is important to note that in new ways of information development, information processing and symbolic communication technologies are key productivity. The infinite scalability of the network society is determined by the connection characteristics of the network itself, as long as the nodes can share the same communication symbols or "meta-language". After investigation. Especially in the network society, due to the real-time and convenience of the connection between people, the breadth and scope of the connections among netizens are getting bigger and bigger, and netizens can clearly and easily see the popularity of certain information in the whole network. degree. That is, who transmitted this information, and how many people forwarded this information. In terms of the law of communication, whether online rumors are different from traditional rumor, we believe that the development of Internet technology makes it unnecessary to use memory-based word-of-mouth communication. Spread the whisper. Therefore, the traditional laws of teletext transmission, such as flattening and sharpening, are debatable in the Internet's communication environment. The annual increase rate of Chinese Internet users in 2014-2017 is shown in Table 1 and Figure 1. Whether there are network rumors and annual analysis of the most influential public opinion events in 2014-2017 are shown in Table 2 and Figure 2.

Table 1.

2014-2017 annual growth rate of

Internet users in China

2014 2015 2016 2017

Annual growth rate of

network 8% 12% 17% 19%

Figure 1.

2014-2017 annual growth rate of

Internet users in China

Table 2.

Is there any Internet rumor in the

2014-2017 year public opinion incident

2014 2015 2016 2017

Internet rumors ratio 12% 18% 24% 31%

Figure 2.

Is there any Internet rumor in the

year 2014-2017 public opinion incident

According to our survey, there are several kinds of rumors spread based on lack of trust. First, sometimes the government or official measures to deal with emergencies fail to satisfy netizens, and netizens increase their distrust of the government. Therefore, between the voice and rumors of the government, netizens choose to believe rumors. Second, the lack of credibility of traditional media,

traditional media coverage, failed to be

comprehensive, fair and objective, Internet users' trust in some traditional media has declined. The third is the stereotype of the audience. As unreasonable and unfair phenomena in society have

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not been effectively solved, as long as rumors arise, netizens take part in the spread of rumors with the mentality of "believing in it rather than believing in it". Under the pressure of group, individual is easy to make a choice of conformity. "We all believe it, and I believe it, too." this is the portrayal of this mentality. With the increasing number of people who believe in rumors, the credibility of rumours has increased, forming a network effect. The network effect is a social amplification mechanism, which will further expand the scale of people who believe in rumors. From the perspective of social cognitive psychology, on the one hand, the international political and economic order is being fiercely reconstructed, and the conflict of civilizations is deepening. On the other hand, China's society is increasingly entering a period of blending pluralistic ideas. Mainstream values are impacted by various trends of thought, and it is difficult to play a normal role. Some people are worried about the uncertainty of the future, lack of security, and public security incidents are gradually enlarged through the online community, further deepening the overall insecurity of the people. Of course, the formation of the network society provides technical support and material security for the generation and dissemination of online rumors. Its openness, infinite diffusion, and liquidity are inevitably the preconditions for the proliferation of rumors. At the same time, the subject in the era of information implosion and symbolic consumption is not only the initiator of the rumor, but also the rumor and listener of the rumor that the symbolic carnival will reach the climax. Therefore, the generation of online rumors is closely related to the current social and cultural background. The effect of communication refers to the effect that the rumor text may have on the dissemination of the audience, and certain classification and statistics of the description of an A rumor event. As shown in Table 3 and Figure 3. The A rumor event points to objects as shown in Table 4 and Figure 4.

Figure 3.

An event rumor spread

classification ratio

Figure 4.

A rumor spread classification ratio

We find that the starting point of Internet rumors starts from rumor makers. By investigating 30 typical cases of online rumors in 2017, 18 of them were deliberately created by netizens or offline people. Unlike passive rumours and listens, rumor writers usually have a clear sense of self. This means that, for whatever purpose, rumors without exception know exactly how to manipulate symbols.

Table 3.

An event rumor spread classification ratio

Cause shock and anger Provoke dissatisfaction Arouse sympathy Cause worries

Number 53 22 13 8

Proportion 0.55 0.23 0.14 0.08

Table 4.

A rumor spread classification ratio

Official The thing itself Other

Number 53 31 20

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It produces a series of eye catching texts that affect the receiver of symbols. At this time, it is still the germination period of Internet rumors, and has not reached the climax stage. The Internet has become a vacuum of morality and responsibility, a free and concealed corner for communicators to vent their emotions and act frankly. In the process of spreading military-related network rumors, netizens can not feel the restraint of others and society, morality and law. Therefore, netizens often spread some military-related rumors which arouse negative emotions without verification. In the field of cognitive psychology, people tend to accept a credible conclusion when it is consistent with people's psychological representation of the problem. Therefore, threatening rumors will not only attract widespread public attention, but also easily gain the trust of the general public, which will lead to serious social consequences. In other words, the slogan that can win in the fierce competition of the network environment is often no longer based on ambiguous vague narratives, but evolved in the external form to be "founded." At the same time, we can see that more people say that the gesture of the people's endorsements expresses the thoughts and prejudices that are hidden but not expressed in the hearts of the people. This makes the swaying more in line with the public's psychology, and people's dissatisfaction, anger and other emotions are detonated, ignoring the accuracy and credibility of the remote content itself. The construction of a neural network model needs to consider three aspects as shown in Table 5 and Figure 5.

Table 5.

Training phase and associative stage of

neural network model

Training stage Association stage Neuronal dynamics 12.23±1.67 9.23±3.67

Network learning 15.64±1.97 13.24±2.54 Network operation 11.95±2.68 12.35±3.77

Figure 5.

Training phase and associative

stage of neural network model

According to the literature method, we collect relevant literature through literature retrieval of books, periodicals, newspapers, web pages and so on, browse and select the content related to this research, and then complete the qualitative analysis of the literature after sorting out. Firstly, it combines public emergencies with the network rhetoric communication in the new media period, and restores the research to specific situations by case analysis method, which makes the research results more reasonable. Secondly, the dissemination of online rumors into the current specific situation of China, to explore the deep-seated reasons and internal mechanism behind the frequent occurrence of online rumors in current public emergencies in China. On the issue of rumor dissemination, this paper designs an experimental method of "continuous retelling" under limited and controlled conditions to study rumor dissemination, and summarizes three famous characteristics of rumor

dissemination: leveling, emphasizing and

assimilating. Horizontally refers to the tendency of rumor becoming shorter, simpler and more popular in the process of spreading. Emphasis refers to the tendency to accept, remember, and report on a limited number of elements from many meanings. Assimilation refers to the tendency of rumors to be interested in the listener, the direction of expectation changes, and gradually form a complete structure. Group opinions and personal feelings will inevitably be projected into the production mechanism of rumors. The masses not only spread and make up rumors, but the clicks and sharing of rumors directly reflect the hatred and preferences of the people in this country, suggesting new ones. A rumor template. In the eyes of the government, rumors are often monsters, but in fact, if you can calmly look at it, rumors contain valuable social information. Another phenomenon is worth pondering. Some of the most rumored online

rumors have made the traditional news media “win the bid” by virtue of its exquisite packaging, so that it can be re-transmitted in the form of news in the media with high credibility. Degree" greatly improved. This is obviously a double test of the ability of netizens to judge. When the sample data to be identified is input into the network, a series of changes occur in the state of the neuron, and finally stabilized to a certain training sample data, that is, the association result of the sample data to be identified is completed. As shown in Table 6 and Figure 6.

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Table 6.

Associative results of sample data to

be identified

Input sample data Output of each node Start 2.35±1.65 1.89±1.52 Stop it 1.06±1.23 2.11±1.62

Figure 6.

Associative results of sample data

to be identified

RESULT ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

From the perspective of cognitive psychology, we think that the netizens may be passive when they are under group pressure, while the projection mentality is active. Projecting mentality is to impose one's thoughts, feelings and characteristics on others. It can also be considered that when an individual cognizes the society, he will unconsciously recognize the object according to his own personality characteristics and think that the characteristics of the object are the same as himself. This leads to cognitive deviation, which conceals the real personality of the object and deviates from the true object. Facts have proved that the virtual community of the network is not only the fertile ground for rumors, but also the main stream of rumor transmission. Some netizens, in order to show their omniscience to get a higher rate of reply, or to throw in others' favor and win others' favor, ignore the authenticity of news and instead pursue the stimulation and shock of information. Cross-community netizens also expand the scope of rumor exchanges. In the face of the intricate Internet environment, the news media should take up the responsibilities, focus on the overall situation, and face all kinds of rumors, based on facts, and promptly prevent and respond to the spread and spread of online rumors. Faced with the fast-moving and wide-ranging network rumors, the mainstream media should pay more attention to it, strictly

demanding itself with professional ethics, actively responding to social concerns, and effectively combating various network rumors. This paper argues that network rumors are still essentially texts or discourses generated and transmitted in cyberspace by different symbols constructed in accordance with similar symbols. In the field of semiotics, discourse problems are always closely related to power and ideology. The related concepts of discourse and power will help to interpret the essence of online rumors in a deeper way from the perspectives of culture, society and ideology. The neural network model output case input information having these two associative memory functions will be established in the individual model as shown in Table 7 and Figure7.

Table 7.

Model output input information

Output information Input information First floor 5.32±0.65 2.23±0.43 The second floor 4.12±0.95 3.21±055

Figure 7.

Model output input information

According to the characteristics of network environment and the characteristics of network rumors, the network rumor propagation formula is constructed:

1 1

( )

k m j j j j

CPV k  

= =

=



(1)

The dynamic process of the state of each neuron in the network:

1

m ik j ij

j

F q x

=



(2)

Set a pattern sample, and set the sample to be orthogonal, then the weight matrix is the outer

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product of the memory sample:

1

( ) ( ) ( )

N

j N

k jk k Nk j k Z k Z

f t d t c  t

=  

=



+



(3)

2 1 ( ) k mi mi i

E i t S =

=



  (4)

Write the component element form in the above formula to form a formula:

1 mi k mi i E E E → = =



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A matrix designed according to the above outer product and rules must satisfy the symmetry requirement. Let's check if the given sample can be an attractor:





1/ 2

1, 2,..., k

H = h h h =A E (6)

Some non-given samples are also attractors of the network, they are not the solutions needed for network design:

2 1

, 1,..., , 1,...,

ij ij k it t H

U i n j k

H =

= = =



(7)

(1) (1) (1) 1 1 1 N i i i dx

ax b x

dt =

+ =



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Define it as a static variable at the beginning of the program, specific variables such as formula:

1

ˆ ( T ) T

N

a= B B − B Y (9)

Update the state of neurons in sequential order:

(0) (1) (1)

1 1

2

( ) ( )

( , 1, 2, , , )

N i i i

x k az k b x

k K K n

= + =  =



L L (10)

Test if all neurons are accessed:

( ) ( )

Rx Rx elec elec

E l =E − l =lE (11)

The identification result of the network pair is as follows:

2

max

( ( i current) (1 ) i ))

i init E d W d E   −  −

= + − (12)

If the state of the neuron at this moment is a training sample, the state of the stable neuron and the number of iterations are output:

max max{ },i 1..

d = d i= n (13)

2 ( ) ( ) , ( ) 1 ij ij ij ij ij

E u        

        = ₊  +     

% ₍₁₄₎

This paper describes and quantifies various kinds of information, and the other is to model the cognitive and psychological functions of individuals. Then, each information is given several attributes, through which the description of information can be achieved, and the quantification of information can be achieved by the attribute value of information. In this paper, on the basis of a certain theoretical basis, the use of neural networks to simulate the associative memory function of real individuals, so as to establish an individual cognitive model. According to the different causes and spans of the cases, observing the similarities and differences is not only conducive to grasping the general law of network telephony transmission, but also conducive to understanding the progress and problems of our government in dealing with public emergencies. It also puts forward some countermeasures for reference. The first contact information has a strong directional effect on the subsequent understanding and organization of information. In order to maintain a psychological balance of thought and emotional balance, individuals must align the meaning of the information obtained later with the established concept. Because of the existence of the first cause effect, if a netizen first encounters a network rumor about it in a military incident, the impression will be more profound, and if you believe this rumor, the degree of trust in the rumor is also Will greatly increase. At the same time, online rumors are still online paradoxes, but unlike normal rational paradoxes, it is a special, distorted online paradox that carries strong emotional and aggressive nature. From the perspective of a broader social and cultural symbol, online rumors are the underlying items in the entire cultural symbol field, and promote the root cause of its complete flip in the short term. It is the rapid deviation of the middle item, which results in the

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network rumor “reverse attack” into a non-marked item occupying the cultural symbol field, which is recognized by the majority and spread quickly. Furthermore, mainstream media and online opinion leaders should be strict and self-disciplined, provide objective, fair and scientific information services in a timely manner, and strengthen the authority and impartiality of mainstream public opinion. The sample identification results after the respective tests are shown in Table 8 and Figure 8.

Figure 8.

Result of sample recognition after

testing

Table 8.

Result of sample recognition after

testing

Sample to be identified Recognition results Test 1 11.23±3.68 15.96±4.41 Test 2 10.51±3.02 14.86±4.42

The key to designing a neural network is to design an appropriate energy function so that the extreme points of the energy function correspond to the sample points of the network and become the attractors of the network. The core task of designing the network attractors is to design a set of weights that meet the requirements. When explaining people's behavior of publishing or spreading rumors through Internet after public emergencies, we can not only analyze the emotional factors such as individual cognition, psychology and emotion, but also think about this problem from the perspective of rational calculation. This paper uses the generalized "cost" and "revenue" to analyze the motivation of network rhetoric communication after individuals joining public emergencies. There are three main reasons for the rapid deviation in a short period of time: one is related to the characteristics of network rumors, such as "news", "fuzziness", "temptation" and "incitement" of rumors. Second, the collective aphasia of the official and authoritative bodies, such as the inaction of the

mainstream media, the forced blockade of information by government agencies, etc. The third is the long-standing, pre-existing crisis of trust in the mainstream discourse and the resistance and suspicion of the authorities. The huge netizens and the complicated voices have gathered into an intricate public opinion field. The authoritative voice of the mainstream media can guide the public opinion to clarify the fallacy. To this end, the media should be more self-disciplined and strengthen the professional norm education for employees. The government should shape the following awareness and behaviors of netizens through propaganda and education: holding rumors of entertainment and venting mentality will be condemned by social public opinion and legally sanctioned. The singularity of the mind is resisted by the authoritative and sufficient information. The random mindset is immune to the rumored harmful education. The rumors are the pressure of the peers as the confession. When encountering uncertain information, they can check with the authorities.

Figure 9.

Network propagation node

The internal communication of the Internet is a one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one multi-structure. The communication between the nodes is equal and two-way, and the interaction is extremely strong. The nodes of network propagation are shown in Figure 9.

This paper, from the perspective of cognitive psychology, understands the system and divides it into internal system and external system according to the different ways of restraining people. The internal system is the result of the evolution of experience within a group, which is acquired automatically in the process of human socialization. It has strong historical inheritance and consistency, and its establishment needs a long-term process. However, for the network society, the rise of the Internet is only a matter of recent decades, the large-scale popularity of the Internet and the beginning of extensive network interpersonal communication is shorter. We divide the formation process of individual rumor communication

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behavior into two stages: thinking stage and behavior decision-making stage. Therefore, the individual's overall model includes thinking model and behavioral decision-making model, which associates other information through thinking model, and then generates certain rumor spreading behavior through the decision-making process of behavioral decision-making model based on associative information. Public emergencies with a wide range of rumors often involve major issues of national economy and people's livelihood, and are the top priority for the public. Some seemingly inconsequential rumors can also cause emotional tension. If the truth of the incident is too late, people's worries about the incident have accumulated to a certain extent, then the powerful rumors will not help, social life cannot proceed normally, and social order may fall into a state of loss of control. At a certain level, cognitive psychology is an intermediary means or tool. When faced with complex social events, symbols, discourses and other information, individuals intentionally or unintentionally requisition various social prototypes, classifying and archiving messy information, and shaping it into a simplified form. At the same time, stimuli in the real world will also help to reinforce or subvert the previous prototypes. An important factor affecting the mass communication psychology is the opinion leader. With the development of the Internet, there is a network of contact between the media, and this model has key points. Therefore, controlling rumors means controlling opinion leaders. Moreover, rumors have a life cycle, presenting different inflection points at different stages, and guiding and controlling rumors through public opinion leaders of different inflection points, thereby effectively controlling rumors. When a particular mode is given, another specific memory mode can be associated through the network. As shown in Figure 10.

Figure 10.

Trend map of individual

associative memory neural network

CONCLUSION

The experiment shows that on the basis of recognizing the essence of network rumors, we need to further explore their propagation law, channels and mechanisms. By borrowing the relevant theories of communication, we can see that the spread of online rumors follows the information dissemination paradigm, and usually goes through four stages: slow germination, accelerated growth, gradual decline and tailing. The Supervision Department of public opinion should actively carry out dialogue with netizens on the principle of equality, openness and rationality, so that netizens can vent their discontent or negative emotions and actively find outlets for netizens' negative emotions. At the same time, the traditional media should actively assume social responsibilities, do a good job in guiding work, guide public opinion, and contribute to creating a good public opinion environment. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the national crisis education, formulate various emergency plans, and regularly organize people to participate in the exercise. Only by adopting a multi-pronged approach and establishing a long-term mechanism can we minimize the negative impact of online rumors in an extraordinary period. Find suitable methods to describe these characteristics and laws, and apply them to the modeling work of individual models. Grasp the new characteristics of the law of rumor communication in the Internet environment, sort out the progress and problems in this field, in order to better solve the problem and method of providing this governance problem.

Acknowledgment

Anhui Province Humanities and Social Sciences Key Research Project "Chinese Image in Chinese American Literature under the Perspective of

Intercultural Communication" (Project No.:

SK2018A0088).

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