El imperativo
AR
Tú Ud. Uds.
habla Hable hablen no hables no hable no hablen
ER / IR
Tú Ud. Uds.
come coma coman
no comas no coma no coman
-emos: NOSOTROS command of -AR verbs
-amos: NOSOTROS command of -ER and -IR verbs COMMAND FORMS OF -AR VERBS
Drop the -ar ending of the infinitive form of the verb, and add -emos
Infinitive verb tomar (to take/drink) trabajar (to work) Examples:
Affirmative NOSOTROS Estudiemos (Let's study) Caminemos (Let's walk)
NOSOTROS command tomemos
trabajemos
Negative NOSOTROS No estudiemos
No caminemos
COMMAND FORMS OF -ER AND -IR VERBS
Drop the -er or -ir ending of the infinitive form of the verb, and add -amos
Infinitive verb comer
leer escribir recibir Examples:
Affirmative NOSOTROS
Comamos las frutas (let's eat the fruits) Escribamos un poema (let's write a poem)
NOSOTROS command comamos
leamos escribamos recibamos
Negative NOSOTROS No comamos las frutas No escribamos un poema
NOSOTROS COMMAND OF VERBS ENDING IN -CAR, -GAR AND -ZAR Verbs ending in -car, -gar, and -zar require spelling changes in order to keep the pronunciation.
-CAR: C changes to QU -GAR: G changes to GU -ZAR: Z changes to C
Infinitive
Tocar (to touch/play) Buscar (to look for) Practicar (to practice) Educar (to educate) Llegar (to arrive) Jugar (to play)
Navegar (to navigate) Pagar (to pay)
Comenzar (to start/begin) Empezar (to start/to begin) Cruzar (to cross)
Almorzar (to eat lunch)
Nosotros command toquemos
busquemos practiquemos eduquemos lleguemos juguemos naveguemos paguemos comencemos empecemos crucemos almorcemos
NOSOTROS COMMAND OF IRREGULAR YO FORMS
If the verb has an irregular YO form in the present tense it also appears in the
NOSOTROS command. Verbs with YO forms that end in -go or -zco in the present tense use the same irregular ending in the present subjunctive. Therefore, it is the same in the NOSOTROS command.
Irreg. YO form-present tense Pongo (I put)
Salgo (I leave) Hago (I do/make) Traigo (I bring) Digo (I say) Caigo (I fall) Oigo (I hear) Vengo (I come) Tengo (I have) Conozco (I know) Traduzco (I translate) Ofrezco (I offer) Pertenezco (I belong) Examples:
Affirmative NOSOTROS Obedezcamos las reglas
¡Digamos la verdad!
NOSOTROS command pongamos
salgamos hagamos traigamos digamos caigamos oigamos vengamos tengamos conozcamos traduzcamos ofrezcamos pertenezcamos
Let's obey the rules Let's say the truth!
Negative NOSOTROS
No desobedezcamos las reglas No digamos mentiras
Let's not disobey the rules Let's not say lies
NOSOTROS COMMAND OF STEM-CHANGING VERBS
As we learned at the beginning of this lesson, NOSOTROS command is formed by using the nosotros form of the present subjunctive. Therefore, NOSOTROS command follows the same rule as the nosotros form in the present subjunctive: -ar and -er stem-changing verbs do not have stem changes in the NOSOTROS form.
-ir stem-changing verbs in the present subjunctive have stem changes of e → i, or o → u in the NOSOTROS form.
-ir stem-changing verbs Preferir
Servir Pedir Vestir Repetir Mentir Dormir
NOSOTROS command prefiramos
sirvamos pidamos vistamos repitamos mintamos durmamos
IRREGULAR NOSOTROS COMMANDS
Infinitive Haber (to have) Saber (to know) Ser (to be) Ver (to see) Ir (to go)*
Affirmative NOSOTROS hayamos
sepamos seamos veamos vamos*
Negative NOSOTROS No hayamos
No sepamos No seamos No veamos No vayamos*
*Negative command form is based on the subjunctive:
¡Vamos a casa! Let's go home!
¡No vayamos a casa! Let's not go home!
NOSOTROS COMMANDS WITH PRONOUNS
When using a direct (d.o.p) / indirect (i.o.p) object pronoun or reflexive pronouns, you have to attach it to the end of the command - the same rule that you apply for affirmative TU, USTED and USTEDES commands:
NOSOTROS command
Comamos las frutas (let's eat the fruits) Cerremos la puerta (let's close the door) Hagamos los pasteles (let's make the cakes) Pongamos el mantel (let's put the tablecloth)
NOSOTROS command + i.o.p Expliquémosle el problema Contestémosles la pregunta
Nosotros command + d.o.p comámoslas
cerrémosla hagámoslos pongámoslo
Let's explain the problem to him/her Let's answer them the question
NOSOTROS command + reflex. pronoun
*Cepillémonos los dientes
*Peinémonos el cabello
Let's brush our teeth Let's comb our hair
*When attaching reflexive pronouns at the end of NOSOTROS command, you drop the final s of the command form before the reflexive pronoun.
NEGATIVE NOSOTROS COMMANDS WITH PRONOUNS
With negative commands, direct (d.o.p) and indirect (i.o.p) object pronouns and reflexive pronouns go right before the verb:
Neg. NOSOTROS command No comamos las papas No cerremos la puerta No hagamos los pasteles No pongamos el mantel
Neg. NOSOTROS command + i.o.p No le explíquemos el problema No les contestemos la pregunta
Neg. NOSOTROS command + refl.pron No nos cepillemos los dientes
No nos peinemos el cabello
Neg. NOSOTROS command + d.o.p No las comamos
No la cerremos No los hagamos No lo pongamos
Let's not explain the problem to him/her Let's not answer them the question
Let's not brush our teeth Let's not comb our hair
TABLE 1 Command Forms of Reflexive Verbs
Infinitive
Neg. Ud.
Command
Affirm. Ud.
Command
Neg. Uds.
Command
Affirm. Uds.
Command
Neg. Tú Command
Affirm. Tú Command
lavarse (to wash oneself) no se lave lávese no se laven lávense no te laves lávate
caerse (to fall, to fall down)
no se caiga caígase no se caigan caíganse no te caigas cáete
sentarse (to sit down) no se siente siéntese no se sienten siéntense no te sientes siéntate
dormirse (to fall asleep) no se duerma duérmase no se duerman duérmanse no te duermas duérmete
Mandatos informales visit Visita (Visitar)
walk Camina (Caminar) teach Enseña (Enseñar) speak Habla (Hablar)
rest Descansa (Descansar) don't plan No planes (Planear) don't help No ayudes (Ayudar) don't fix No arregles (Arreglar) don't dance No bailes (Bailar)
don't call No llames (Llamar) write Escribe (Escribir) permit Permite (Permitir)
open Abre (Abrir) sell Vende (Vender) don't run No corras (Correr) don't read No leas (Leer)
promise Promete (Prometer) don't drink No bebas (Beber) don't attend No asistas (Asistir)
don't go up No subas (Subir) ir - Ve /
No vayas
venir - Ven / no vengas
decir - Di / No digas hacer - Haz /
No hagas
tener - Ten / No tengas
oír - Oye / No oigas poner - Pon /
No pongas
salir - Sal / No salgas
ser - Sé / No seas
The second set of irregular forms is irregular because of stem changes.
O – ue E - ie
sleep (dormir) duerme/
no duermas
close (cerrar) cierra/
no cierres be able (poder) puede/
no puedas
feel (sentir) siente/
no sientas count (contra) cuenta/
no cuentes
start (empezar) empieza/
no eimpieces die (morir) muere/
no mueras
lose (perder) pierde/
no pierdas eat lunch
(almorzar)
almuerza/
no almuerces
prefer (preferir) prefiere/
no prefieras find (encontrar) encuentra/
no encuentres
recommend (recomendar)
recomienda/
no recomiendes move (mover) mueve/
no muevas
require (requerir) require/
no requieras play (jugar) juega/
no juegues
start (comenzar) comienza/
no comiences remember
(recorder)
recuerda/
no recuerdes
think (pensar) piensa/
no pienses return (volver) vuelve/
no vuelvas
understand (entender)
entiende/
no entiendas return an item
(devolver)
devuelve/
no devuelvas
want (querer) quiere/
no quieras show (mostrar) muestra/
no muestres
Know (saber) Sabe/
No sepas
E - i I - y
ask for (pedir) pide/
no pidas
destroy (destruir) destruye/
no destruyas follow (seguir) sige/
no sigas
include (incluir) incluye/
no incluyas get (conseguir) consigue/
no consigas repeat (repetir) repite/
no repitas
serve (server) sirve/
no sirvas
Spanish Review
ask for pide
don't ask for no pidas
follow sigue
don't follow no sigas
get/obtain consigue
don't get/obtain no consigas
repeat repite
don't repeat no repitas
serve sirve
don't serve no sirvas
destroy destruye
don't destroy no destruyas
include incluye
don't include no incluyas
go ve
don't go no vayas
do haz
don't do no hagas
put pon
don't put no pongas
come ven
don't come no vengas
have ten
leave sal
don't leave no salgas
say di
don't say no digas
sleep duerme
don't sleep no duermas
count cuenta
don't count no cuentes
die muere
don't die no mueras
eat lunch almuerza
don't eat lunch no almuerces
find encuentra
don't find no encuentres
move mueve
don't move no muevas
play juega
don't play no juegues
remember recuerde
don't remember no recuerdas return/come back vuelve don't return/come back no vuelvas return/give back (an item) devuelve don't return/give back (an item) no devuelvas
show muestra
don't show no muestres
close cierra
don't close no cierres
feel siente
don't feel no sientas
begin empieza don't begin no empieces
lose pierde
don't lose no pierdas
recommend recomienda
don't recommend no recomiendes
require require
don't require no requieras
start comienza
don't start no comiences
think piensa
don't think no pienses
Mandatos formales
Take the “yo” present tense form, then put on the opposite ending. For example, the “yo” present tense form of “to leave” is “salgo”, so you just take off the “o” and put on the opposite ending. Let’s
take a look at the first 15 that follow this rule.
tener (becomes)
- tenga/n (for Ud.
and tengan for
Uds.)
venir - venga/n valer - valga/n These last 3 don’t follow the “yo” present
tense rule. They are simply irregular. There’s
no rule for them. You’ll simply have to memorize them.
hacer - haga/n salir - salga/n saber - sepa/n poner - ponga/n conducir - conduzca/n ir - vaya/n traducir - traduzca/n decir - diga/n ser - sea/n
traer - traiga/n oír - oiga/n ver - vea/n
The rule of taking the “yo” form of the present tense conjugation to find the stem also applies to this second group of irregular verbs. These are stem-changing verb that you learned back in present
tense. Let’s take a look at these:
E - ie O - ue
cerrar (becomes)
cierre/n (for Ud. and
cierren for Uds.)
dormir duerma/n
E - i I - y
pedir pida/n destruir destruya/n
Now take a look at charts of all of the irregulars you have learned up to this point that apply in this area.
O - ue E - ie
sleep (dormir) duerma/n close (cerrar) cierre/n be able (poder) pueda/n feel (sentir) sienta/n count (contar) cuente/n start (empezar) empiece/n
die (morir) muera/n lose (perder) pierda/n eat lunch
(almorzar)
almuerce/n prefer (preferir) prefiera/n
find (encontrar) encuentre/n require (requerir) requiera/n
move (mover) mueva/n start (comenzar) comience/n play (jugar) juegue/n think (pensar) piense/n
remember (recordar)
recuerde/n understand (entender)
entienda/n
return (volver) vuelva/n want (querer) quiera/n return an item
(devolver)
devuelva/n recommend (recomendar)
recomiende/n
show (mostrar) muestre/n
E - i I - y
ask for (pedir) pida/n destroy (destruir)
destruya/n
follow (seguir) siga/n include (incluir) incluya/n get
(conseguir)
consiga/n
repeat (repetir)
repita/n
serve (server) sirva/n
http://123teachme.com/spanish_flash_cards/category/command_nosotros?src=sentences http://123teachme.com/spanish_flash_cards/category/command_tu_negative?src=sentences
