TD/STAT.29
ii
NOTE
Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol
indicates a reference to a United Nations document.
General disclaimer
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any
opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country,
territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
Where the designations "economy" or “country or area” appear in tables, they cover countries, territories, cities and areas.
The designations “developed” and “developing” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a
judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process.
Material in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is obligatory, together with a reference
to the document number (TD/STAT.29). A copy of the publication containing the quotation or reprint should be sent to the
UNCTAD secretariat.
*
* *
La cote des documents de l'Organisation des Nations Unies se compose de lettres majuscules et de chiffres. La mention
d'une telle cote indique qu'il est fait référence à un document de l'Organisation.
Déni de responsabilité
Les appellations employées dans cette publication et la présentation des données qui y figurent n'impliquent, de la part du
Secrétariat de l'Organisation des Nations Unies, aucune prise de position quant au statut juridique des pays, territoires,
villes ou zones, ou de leurs autorités, ni quant au tracé de leurs frontières ou limites.
Les appellations «économie» ou «pays ou zone» figurant dans certaines rubriques des tableaux désignent des pays, des
territoires, des villes ou des zones.
Les termes «développés» et «en développement» sont utilisés pour plus de commodité dans la présentation des
statistiques et n'impliquent pas nécessairement un jugement quant au stade de développement auquel est parvenu un
pays ou une zone donnée.
Le contenu de la présente publication peut être cité ou reproduit sans autorisation, sous réserve qu'il soit fait mention de
ladite publication et de sa cote (TD/STAT.29) et qu'un justificatif soit adressé au secrétariat de la CNUCED.
UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION
Sales No. E/F.05.II.D.4
ISBN 92-1-012058-2
ISSN 0251-9461
iii
FOREWORD
INTRODUCTION
The UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics provides a comprehensive
collection of statistical data relevant to the analysis of
international trade, investment and development for the use of
government officials, university and other research specialists,
and others interested in these subjects. The publication is
available in three complementary formats: printed copy,
CD-ROM and on-line: (www.unctad.org/statistics/handbook).
While the complementary CD-ROM and Internet versions of the
Handbook present the full time series of data, this printed
publication focuses on recent statistics.
The tables, while largely based on existing international and
national data sources, provide a compilation of data that is
unique in the following ways:
♦
Wherever possible, data are presented in an analytical
way, through the use of rank orderings, growth rates,
shares and other special calculations, so as to facilitate
their interpretation. Statistical classifications have been
condensed into groupings of particular relevance to the
analysis of trade and development.
♦
Time series of basic trade data cover periods that the
UNCTAD secretariat considers to be particularly relevant to
statistical and other applicable analysis.
♦
A number of the series shown represent UNCTAD
secretariat estimates based on detailed research and
analysis.
♦
Every effort has been made to take account of all available
information in order to provide as complete coverage as
possible for individual countries. In some cases this has
involved secretariat judgements regarding data sources for
a particular country.
Particular acknowledgement is made of the cooperation
extended by the Statistics Division, Department of Economic
and Social Affairs of the United Nations, as well as by other
international organisations, in the preparation of this publication.
Le but du Manuel de statistiques de la CNUCED est de fournir,
à l’intention des administrations nationales, des universitaires et
autres spécialistes de la recherche, des organisations
internationales, et de tous ceux que la question intéresse,
l'ensemble de données statistiques essentielles à l'analyse du
commerce mondial, de l'investissement et du développement.
La publication est disponible dans trois formats
complémentaires : l'édition imprimée, le CD-ROM et la version
en ligne (www.unctad.org/statistics/handbook).
Comme les versions CD-ROM et Internet du Manuel,
complémentaires à cette publication, présentent les séries
chronologiques complètes, cette version imprimée fait
davantage apparaître les données récentes.
Les tableaux, qui font appel principalement aux sources de
données internationales et nationales existantes, forment un
catalogue unique de statistiques établies de la manière
suivante :
♦
Chaque fois que possible, les données ont été présentées
d'une manière analytique, classées par ordre de grandeur,
taux de croissance, parts et autres calculs spéciaux, afin
d'en faciliter l'interprétation. Des groupements se prêtant
particulièrement bien à l'analyse du commerce et du
développement ont été réalisés au sein des nomenclatures
statistiques.
♦
Les séries chronologiques de données de base sur le
commerce couvrent des périodes que le secrétariat de la
CNUCED considère être d’une importance particulière
pour des analyses statistiques et autres analyses du sujet.
♦
Un certain nombre de séries correspondent à des
estimations du secrétariat de la CNUCED fondées sur des
recherches et des analyses détaillées.
♦
Le secrétariat s'est efforcé de tenir compte de tous les
renseignements disponibles afin de brosser dans chaque
cas un tableau aussi complet que possible de la situation.
Ce faisant, il a parfois dû opérer un choix entre différentes
sources de données pour tel ou tel pays.
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE DES MATIERES
www.unctad.org/statistics/handbook
Note
ii
Foreword
iii
Table of contents
iv
General notes
viii
Distribution of countries and territories x
Distribution of developing countries/territories
by region xi
Distribution of developing countries/territories
by economic grouping
xii
Distribution of countries/territories by trade grouping xiv
Abbreviations
xvii
PART ONE
International merchandise trade
1.1A Value of exports and imports by region
and country
2
1.1B Value of exports and imports by economic
grouping
12
1.1C Shares of exports and imports by
region and economic grouping
14
1.2A Annual average growth rates of exports and
imports by region and country
16
1.2B Annual average growth rates of exports and
imports by economic grouping
24
1.3 Value of trade balance, and as percentage
of
imports
26
1.4
Intra-trade of regional and trade groups
34
PART TWO
Trade and commodity price indices
2.1A Volume indices of exports
38
2.1B
Volume indices of imports
39
2.1C
Unit value indices of exports
40
2.1D
Unit value indices of imports
41
2.1E
Terms of trade indices
42
2.1F
Purchasing power indices of exports
43
2.2 Annual and quarterly indices of free-market prices
of selected primary commodities
44
www.unctad.org/statistics/handbook
Note
ii
Introduction iii
Table des matières iv
Notes générales xviii
Répartition des pays et territoires xxi
Répartition des pays/territoires en développement
par régions xxii
Répartition des pays/territoires en développement
par groupements économiques xxiii
Répartition des pays/territoires par groupements
commerciaux xxv
Abréviations xxviii
PREMIERE PARTIE
Commerce international des marchandises
1.1A Valeur des exportations et des importations
par régions et par pays
2
1.1B Valeur des exportations et des importations
par groupements économiques
12
1.1C Parts des régions et groupements économiques
dans les exportations et les importations 14
1.2A Taux d'évolution annuels moyens des
exportations et des importations par régions
et par pays 16
1.2B Taux d'évolution annuels moyens des
exportations et des importations par groupements
économiques
24
1.3 Valeur de la balance commerciale et
sa part dans les importations
26
1.4
Commerce interne des groupements régionaux
et commerciaux
34
DEUXIEME PARTIE
Indices du commerce et des prix des produits de base
2.1A
Indices du volume des exportations
38
2.1B
Indices du volume des importations
39
2.1C
Indices de la valeur unitaire des exportations
40
2.1D
Indices de la valeur unitaire des importations
41
2.1E Indices des termes de l'échange
42
2.1F
Indices du pouvoir d'achat des exportations
43
v
PART THREE
Structure of international trade by region
3.1A
Export structure by main regions of destination
52
3.1B Import structure by main regions of origin
67
3.2.1
Export structure by destination and by major
commodity groups:
A.
World
82
B.
Developed economies
84
C.
South-East Europe and CIS 86
D. Developing economies
88
E.
Major petroleum exporters 90
F. Major exporters of manufactures
92
G.
Developing America
94
H.
Developing Africa
96
I.
Developing West Asia
98
J.
Other developing Asia
100
3.2.2 Import structure by origin and by major
commodity groups:
A.
World 102
B.
Developed economies
104
C.
South-East Europe and CIS 106
D. Developing economies
108
E.
Major petroleum exporters 110
F. Major exporters of manufactures
112
G.
Developing America
114
H.
Developing Africa
116
I.
Developing West Asia
118
J.
Other developing Asia
120
PART FOUR
Structure of international trade by product
4.1A Export structure by main categories
124
4.1B Import structure by main categories
136
4.2
Export structure at the SITC Revision 2 group
(3-digit) level (ranked by average 2001-2002
values):
A.
World
148
B.
Developed economies
152
C.
Developing economies
156
D.
Individual countries and territories
160
4.2E Major exporters for 70 leading products
among developing economies, at the SITC
Revision 2 group (3-digit) level (ranked by
average 2001-2002 values)
180
English/French Glossary of 3-digit Standard
International Trade Classification (SITC),
Revision 2 Groups
191
TROISIEME PARTIE
Structure du commerce international par régions
3.1A Structure des exportations par principales régions
de destination
52
3.1B
Structure des importations par principales régions
d'origine
67
3.2.1 Structure des exportations par destination et par
principaux groupes de produits :
A.
Monde 82
B.
Economies développées 84
C.
Europe du Sud-Est et CEI 86
D.
Economies en développement 88
E. Principaux exportateurs de pétrole
90
F.
Principaux exportateurs d'articles manufacturés 92
G.
Amérique en développement
94
H.
Afrique en développement
96
I.
Asie occidentale en développement
98
J.
Autres pays d'Asie en développement
100
3.2.2
Structure des importations par origine
et par principaux groupes de produits :
A.
Monde 102
B.
Economies développées 104
C.
Europe du Sud-Est et CEI 106
D.
Economies en développement 108
E. Principaux exportateurs de pétrole
110
F.
Principaux exportateurs d'articles manufacturés 112
G.
Amérique en développement
114
H.
Afrique en développement
116
I.
Asie occidentale en développement
118
J.
Autres pays d'Asie en développement
120
QUATRIEME PARTIE
Structure du commerce international par produits
4.1A Structure des exportations par principales
catégories
124
4.1B
Structure des importations par principales
catégories
136
4.2
Structure des exportations au niveau des groupes
(position à trois chiffres) de la CTCI révision 2
(classées d'après la moyenne des valeurs
de 2001-2002) :
A.
Monde
148
B.
Economies développées
152
C.
Economies en développement
156
D.
Pays et territoires individuels
160
4.2E Principaux exportateurs de 70 produits
majeurs parmi les économies en développement,
au niveau des groupes (position à trois chiffres)
de la CTCI révision 2 (classés d'après la
moyenne des valeurs de 2001-2002)
180
vi
PART FIVE
International trade in services
5.1
Value of exports and imports of services by
region and country
200
5.2A Leading exporters of services among developing
economies by main category of services (ranked
by 2002 values) 209
5.2B Leading importers of services among developing
economies by main category of services (ranked
by 2002 values) 214
5.3 Selected indicators of tourism 220
PART SIX
International finance
6.1A Balance of payments: current account
summaries
242
6.1B Balance of payments: capital and financial
account summaries 257
6.2 Foreign direct investment: inward and
outward flows 272
6.3 Workers’ remittances
280
A. Receipts
B. Payments
6.4 International reserves of developing economies 284
6.5 Official financial flows from bilateral and
multilateral sources to developing economies 291
6.6
External long-term debt of developing economies
by source of lending
A.
Developing economies
306
B.
Major petroleum exporters
307
C.
Other developing economies
308
D.
Major exporters of manufactures
309
E.
Remaining countries
310
PART SEVEN
Indicators of development
7.1
Population, area, density and total and per capita
gross domestic product
314
7.2 Annual average growth rates of total and per
capita real gross domestic product at market
prices
320
7.3 Gross domestic product by type of expenditure
and by kind of economic activity
330
7.4
Selected indicators of development: population,
health and environment 350
7.5
Selected indicators of development:
education, employment, gender equality
and migration 360
7.6
Information and communication technology
indicators by country 370
CINQIUEME PARTIE
Commerce international des services
5.1 Valeur des exportations et des importations
de services par régions et par pays 200
5.2A Principaux exportateurs de services parmi
les économies en développement par catégories
de services (classés d'après les valeurs de
2002) 209
5.2B Principaux importateurs de services parmi
les économies en développement par catégories
de services (classés d'après les valeurs de
2002) 214
5.3 Sélection d'indicateurs du tourisme 220
SIXIEME PARTIE
Flux financiers internationaux
6.1A Balance des paiements : sommaires des
comptes des transactions courantes
242
6.1B Balance des paiements : sommaires des
comptes de capital et d'opérations financières 257
6.2
Investissement étranger direct :
flux entrants et sortants 272
6.3 Envois de fonds des travailleurs 280
A. Recettes
B. Paiements
6.4 Réserves internationales des économies
en développement
284
6.5
Flux financiers publics bilatéraux et
multilatéraux à destination des économies
en développement
291
6.6
Dette extérieure à long terme des économies
en développement par catégorie de prêt
A.
Economies en développement
306
B.
Principaux exportateurs de pétrole
307
C.
Autres économies en développement
308
D.
Principaux exportateurs d'articles manufacturés 309
E. Autres pays
310
SEPTIEME PARTIE
Indicateurs du développement
7.1
Population, superficie, densité et produit
intérieur brut, total et par habitant
314
7.2 Taux d'évolution annuels moyens du
produit intérieur brut réel total et par habitant
aux prix du marché
320
7.3
Produit intérieur brut par catégorie de dépense
et par branche d'activité économique
330
7.4 Quelques indicateurs du développement :
population, santé et environnement
350
7.5 Quelques indicateurs du développement :
éducation, emploi, égalité entre hommes
et femmes et migration 360
7.6 Indicateurs des technologies de l'information et
vii
PART EIGHT
Special studies
8.1
Tentative terms of trade estimates for
developing economies
380
8.2A Export concentration and diversification
indices by region and country 399
8.2B Import concentration and diversification
indices by region and country 402
8.3A Export concentration and structural change
indices by product 406
8.3B Import concentration and structural change
indices by product 410
8.4 Average applied import MFN tariff rates on
non-agricultural and non-fuel products 415
8.5 Instability indices and trends in free-market
prices for selected primary commodities 430
8.6 World merchant fleet by flag of registration
and type of ship 432
HUITIEME PARTIE
Etudes spéciales
8.1 Estimations approximatives des termes de
l'échange pour les économies en
développement 380
8.2A Indices de concentration et de diversification
des exportations par régions et par pays 399
8.2B Indices de concentration et de diversification
des importations par régions et par pays 402
8.3A Indices de concentration et de changements
structurels des exportations par produits 406
8.3B Indices de concentration et de changements
structurels des importations par produits 410
8.4 Droits de douane moyens NPF appliqués à
l'importation des produits non-agricoles et
non-pétroliers 415
8.5 Indices d'instabilité et tendances des prix sur le
marché libre d'une sélection de produits de base 430
8.6 Flotte marchande mondiale par pavillons
viii
GENERAL NOTES
These notes summarize the coverage of each part of the
Handbook and highlight modifications as compared with
previous issues.
The tables included in this book represent analytical
summaries of the full time series contained in the UNCTAD
Handbook of Statistics 2004 presented on CD-ROM and on the
Internet (www.unctad.org/statistics/handbook). This printed
version includes more concise table formats, with the emphasis
on recent information. In certain instances, the two electronic
versions might have different figures from the printed volume, as
they are published somewhat later and take into account more
recent data.
PART ONE
International merchandise trade
Table 1.1A shows the value of total exports and imports for
individual countries and for geographical groups, expressed in
millions of dollars. The national system of reporting (general
trade or special trade) and valuation is indicated.
The same data as in table 1.1A are shown in table 1.1B for
different economic groupings.
Table 1.1C includes shares of exports and imports for
different geographical and economic groups.
Growth rates of international trade, derived from tables 1.1A
and 1.1B, are presented in tables 1.2A and 1.2B.
Table 1.3 contains trade balances (exports f.o.b. minus
imports c.i.f.) and these balances as a percentage of imports by
country, region and economic grouping.
Table 1.4 shows the relative importance of intra-trade in
total trade of different trade or regional groupings, such as EU,
ASEAN or MERCOSUR, by comparing their respective exports
of goods within the group, the geographical region they belong
to and the world. Thirty different trade groups are included in this
analysis.
PART TWO
Trade and commodity price indices
The group of tables 2.1 (2.1A to 2.1F) shows volume and
unit value indices for exports and imports, and the terms of trade
and purchasing power of exports for developed and developing
countries by region and economic grouping. The indices for
individual developing economies are shown separately in table
8.1.
Table 2.2 includes aggregated price indices for primary
commodity groups such as food, tropical beverages, vegetable
oilseeds and oils, agricultural raw materials and minerals, ores
and metals, as well as a combined price index in current US
dollars. Also included are the annual and quarterly free-market
price indices of selected commodities exported by developing
economies. For reference, market prices in current dollars are
shown for the base year. The table is based on data from the
UNCTAD Commodity Price Bulletin.
PART THREE
Structure of international trade by region
Tables 3.1A and 3.1B show, respectively, the export and
import structure of individual countries by main regions of origin
and destination, in percentages. Data are presented for as many
individual countries as possible, while trade partners are
grouped in 13 major clusters according to the UNCTAD
secretariat's judgement as to their relevance for the analysis of
the direction of international trade.
The group of tables 3.2.1 presents the export structure by
destination and by major commodity groups for the world and
selected regions, while tables grouped under the 3.2.2 heading
provide the same information for imports by origin. The total of
all products is presented in dollar terms, while percentages are
presented for different product groups. These sets of data
provide detailed information on the trade network for the world,
22 regions of origin and 22 regions of destination for each of the
12 commodity groups shown. The commodity groups are based
on the SITC (Rev. 2) classification. Figures in these tables are
not strictly comparable with the trade data in table 1.1, mainly
owing to more frequent revisions of the latter. The complete data
on which the figures shown are based are contained in table 3.2
of the CD-ROM and the Internet version of the UNCTAD
Handbook of Statistics 2004.
PART FOUR
Structure of international trade by product
Tables 4.1A and 4.1B show, respectively, the export and
import structure of individual economies by commodity groups
for selected years. The eight commodity groups shown, based
on the SITC (Rev. 2) classification, are the following: all food
items, agricultural raw materials, fuels, ores and metals,
manufactured goods, chemical products, other manufactured
goods, and machinery and transport equipment.
Tables 4.2A, B and C present the structure of exports for the
world and for developed and developing economies at the SITC
group (Rev. 2, 3-digit) level. The share of the commodity in the
exports of the region and world is shown, as are its annual
average growth rate and its difference from that of the world.
Table 4.2D shows the leading exports at the SITC group
(Rev. 2, 3-digit) level for individual economies. Each
commodity's share in the total exports of the countries, as well
as in those of the region and the world, is also presented.
Table 4.2E summarizes information on the major exporters
of 70 leading commodities among developing economies at the
SITC group (Rev. 2, 3-digit) level.
PART FIVE
International trade in services
Table 5.1 presents the value of total trade in services by
country, region and economic grouping. The figures refer to 11
principal service categories as defined in the IMF Balance of
Payments Manual (1993, BPM 5). The aggregate figures
presented also include the UNCTAD secretariat's estimates that
are not shown separately. The commercial services, which
exclude government services and follow the GATS definition,
can be viewed as a memo item in table 5.2 on the CD-ROM or
the Internet version of the Handbook. Given the general
difficulties in statistically capturing certain aspects of the trade in
services, the balance-of-payments figures presented here may
be somewhat downward biased as compared with existing flows
of the international trade in services.
ix
Table 5.3 focuses on tourism services. It presents, for
individual economies and for recent years, the following
statistics: value of tourism expenditure, number of overnight
stays, number of arrivals and the average length of stay. All
figures refer to non-resident tourists (inbound tourism).
PART SIX
International finance
Table 6.1A presents summaries of the current account of
the balance of payments for individual countries and territories.
Balance-of-payments current account data cover all transactions
between residents and non-residents of a reporting economy,
involving economic values and mainly concerning goods,
services, income and current transfers. Following the table are
notes that provide explanations of the categories and
terminology employed.
Table 6.1B contains summaries of the capital and financial
account of the balance of payments for individual economies.
Capital and financial account figures, recorded as net values,
cover transactions in foreign assets and liabilities. All valuation
changes or other non-transaction modifications of net foreign
assets are not reflected in these accounts. Capital account
includes capital transfers and acquisition and disposal of
non-produced, non-financial assets. Financial account covers
investments (direct, portfolio and other) and reserve assets
(monetary gold, SDRs, foreign exchange and others). The
Handbook includes capital and financial account data for the first
time in this edition. Detailed notes with explanations of
categories and terminology used are provided after the table.
Table 6.2 contains information on foreign direct investment
(FDI) inflows and outflows by country and regional grouping.
These figures correspond to the Statistical Annexes of
UNCTAD's World Investment Report 2004: The Shift Towards
Services.
Tables 6.3A and B present information on major receivers
and benefactors of workers’ remittances among developing
economies. They also show workers’ remittances as
percentages of international trade data. The IMF Balance of
Payments Manual (1993, BPM 5) classifies workers' remittances
separately from compensation of employees and from migrants'
capital transfers. Table 6.3 includes all three categories in the
values shown, in order to present a clearer picture of the flows
that enter or exit economies via transfers by migrant workers.
Table 6.4 presents data on international reserves (total
reserves minus gold) of developing economies by country,
region and economic grouping. Other calculations included
show months of imports that these reserves could finance at
current import levels, as well as annual change in total reserves.
Table 6.5 gives a summary of the different types of official
financial flows to developing economies by country, region and
economic grouping. Flows from bilateral and multilateral sources
are taken into account, as recorded by the Development
Assistance Committee (DAC – OECD).
Table 6.6 shows data on the external indebtedness of
developing economies by region and economic grouping. It also
provides a detailed breakdown of public and publicly guaranteed
debt by source of lending. External debt data in this table are
based on the Debtor Reporting System (DRS), maintained by
the World Bank.
PART SEVEN
Indicators of development
Table 7.1 provides information on population and density,
area and total and per capita current GDP (in dollars) by
country, region and economic grouping. The GDP per capita
estimates in US dollars presented in this table are derived from
data in national currency converted into dollars. Comparison of
these series converted into current dollars through the use of
official exchange rates is not always satisfactory owing to
differences in price levels in individual economies.
Table 7.2 contains annual average growth rates of total and
per capita real GDP at market prices by country, region and
economic grouping.
Table 7.3 provides data on GDP by type of expenditure and
kind of economic activity, by country, region and economic
grouping.
Table 7.4 shows selected economic and social indicators for
individual countries. It contains information on vital, health and
environment statistics. This table presents the latest available
figures for each indicator and makes it possible to compare
countries on the basis of different aspects of socio-economic
development at a given time. Among the indicators presented
are urban population, infant mortality, life expectancy, access to
adequate sanitation facilities, HIV/AIDS, emissions of carbon
dioxide and total energy consumption.
Table 7.5 focuses on other socio-economic data related to
education, labour force, gender and migration. The latest
available figure is shown for each indicator, among which are:
school enrolment, illiteracy rate, unemployment rate,
employment by sector, number of migrants and gender
perspective statistics.
Table 7.6 presents selected information and communication
technology (ICT) indicators. It focuses on development and use
of new technologies and on access to information and media by
including indicators referring to the number of television sets,
telephones, telecommunication costs, personal computers, the
Internet, investment in telecommunications, etc.
PART EIGHT
Special studies
Table 8.1 contains tentative estimates of export and import
unit value indices for individual developing economies, as well
as the terms of trade and purchasing power of exports derived
from them. The aggregates in table 2.1 have been calculated on
the basis of the figures from this table.
Table 8.2A includes time series of export concentration and
diversification indices for individual countries and territories and
for regional groupings, while table 8.2B presents the same
indices for imports.
Tables 8.3A and B provide the concentration and structural
change indices for exports and imports by product at the SITC
group (Rev. 2, 3-digit) level.
Table 8.4 presents average applied import tariff rates for
major categories of non-agricultural and non-fuel products by
individual markets and by groups of exporting countries.
Table 8.5 presents instability indices and trends in
free-market prices for selected primary commodities that are of
particular interest to developing economies.
Table 8.6 focuses on international maritime transport. It
contains data on the world merchant fleet by flag of registration
and by type of ship. This table, being published for the first time
in the Handbook, contains consolidated time series that
appeared in the various issues of UNCTAD Review of Maritime
Transport.
OTHER NOTES AND EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS
Because of rounding, details and percentages in tables do not
necessarily add up to totals.
“Dollars” ($) refers to US dollars, unless otherwise stated.
Zero (0) means that the amount is nil or negligible.
The symbol underscore (_) indicates that the item is not
applicable.
Two dots (..) indicate that the data are not available or are not
separately reported.
x
DISTRIBUTION OF COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES
The country distributions presented on the following pages have
been adopted for statistical convenience only and follow those
used by the Statistics Division, Department of Economic and
Social Affairs (DESA) of the United Nations.
The term economies, as used in this publication, covers regions,
countries and territories.
A number of modifications have been introduced in country
groupings as compared with the distributions of countries
presented in the previous Handbook. The changes follow the
enlargement of the European Union, as of 1 May 2004, and
include consequent adjustments, particularly for the countries of
Central and South-East Europe and those succeeding the former
USSR. The cluster South-East Europe and Commonwealth of
Independent States (CIS) has been newly introduced.
THREE MAIN GROUPS OF COUNTRIES / TERRITORIES
Developed economies:
In Europe:
European Union:
Austria
Greece
Netherlands
Belgium
Hungary
Poland
Czech Republic
Ireland
Portugal
Cyprus
Italy
Slovakia
Denmark
Latvia
Slovenia
Estonia
Lithuania
Spain
Finland
Luxembourg
Sweden
France
Malta
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Germany
Other developed Europe:
Andorra
Holy See
Monaco
Channel Island
Iceland
Norway
Faeroe Islands
Isle of Man
San Marino
Gibraltar
Liechtenstein
Switzerland
In America: Canada and the United States of America
In Asia: Israel and Japan
In Oceania: Australia and New Zealand
South-East Europe and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS):
South-East Europe:
Albania
Croatia
Serbia and Montenegro
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Romania
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Bulgaria
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS):
Armenia
Kazakhstan
Tajikistan
Azerbaijan
Kyrgyzstan
Turkmenistan
Belarus
Republic of Moldova
Ukraine
Georgia
Russian Federation
Uzbekistan
Developing economies:
All other countries and territories in Africa, America, Asia and Oceania not specified above. For developing economies, the main regions have
been further subdivided into subregions to provide additional information. The exact composition of each region is shown on the following
pages. Possible exceptions to this classification in some of the Handbook tables are specified in footnotes.
A number of economic classifications have been used in the
UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics in order to reflect more accurately
differences among developing countries and territories, and thus to
facilitate the analysis of socio-economic data. These classifications
distinguish, in the first instance, between the major
petroleum-exporting countries and other developing economies. The latter
are in turn subdivided into two categories: (a) major exporters of
manufactures, and (b) remaining economies distributed by major
geographical
regions.
The group “Major petroleum exporters” consists of all 11 OPEC
member countries. In addition, 10 non-OPEC countries are
included on the basis of the following criteria: the share of
petroleum and petroleum products was not less than 50 per cent of
their total exports, and exports of those products amounted to at
least US$ 1.5 billion on average in the period 1999-2001. The
Netherlands Antilles were added to the group in this year's
Handbook, as this state satisfies the criteria cited for the given
period.
The group “Major exporters of manufactures” consists of 12
economies included on the basis of the following criteria: the share
of manufactured products was not less than 50 per cent of total
exports, and exports of those products amounted to at least US$
20 billion on average in the period 1999-2001.
In addition, all developing economies have been classified,
according to their per capita GDP in 2000, into three groupings:
high-income, middle-income and low-income countries.
For further reference, the groups of “Least developed countries”
(LDCs), “Heavily indebted poor countries” (HIPCs) and
“Landlocked countries” are shown as memo items. Certain tables
present the grouping "Developing countries excluding China",
which refers to mainland China only. "Sub-Saharan Africa" (South
Africa included) forms another memo item.
Trade groupings (e.g. ASEAN, EU, LAIA) are included in certain
tables, which makes it possible to include groups that cut across
regions, such as APEC.
Argentina
Ecuador
Peru
Bolivia
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
Suriname
Brazil
French Guiana
Uruguay
Chile
Guyana
Venezuela
Colombia
Paraguay
Anguilla
Dominican Republic
Netherlands Antilles
Antigua and Barbuda
El Salvador
Nicaragua
Aruba
Greenland
Panama
Bahamas
Grenada
Puerto Rico
Barbados
Guadeloupe
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Belize
Guatemala
Saint Lucia
Bermuda
Haiti
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
British Virgin Islands
Honduras
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Cayman Islands
Jamaica
Trinidad and Tobago
Costa Rica
Martinique
Turks and Caicos Islands
Cuba
Mexico
United States Virgin Islands
Dominica
Montserrat
Algeria
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Sudan
Egypt
Morocco
Tunisia
Angola
Gabon
Reunion
Benin
Gambia
Rwanda
Botswana
Ghana
Saint Helena
Burkina Faso
Guinea
Sao Tome and Principe
Burundi
Guinea-Bissau
Senegal
Cameroon
Kenya
Seychelles
Cape Verde
Lesotho
Sierra Leone
Central African Republic
Liberia
Somalia
Chad
Madagascar
South Africa
Comoros
Malawi
Swaziland
Congo
Mali
Togo
Côte d'Ivoire
Mauritania
Uganda
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Mauritius
United Republic of Tanzania
Djibouti
Mozambique
Zambia
Equatorial Guinea
Namibia
Zimbabwe
Eritrea
Niger
Ethiopia
Nigeria
Bahrain
Lebanon
Syrian Arab Republic
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Palestinian territory
Turkey
Iraq
Oman
United Arab Emirates
Jordan
Qatar
Yemen
Kuwait
Saudi Arabia
Afghanistan
India
Nepal
Bangladesh
Indonesia
Pakistan
Bhutan
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
Philippines
Brunei Darussalam
Korea, Republic of
Singapore
Cambodia
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Sri Lanka
China
Malaysia
Thailand
China, Hong Kong SAR
Maldives
Timor-Leste
China, Macao SAR
Mongolia
Viet Nam
China, Taiwan Province of
Myanmar
DISTRIBUTION OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES / TERRITORIES BY REGION
A m e r i c a 49
South America 14
Other America 35
West Asia 14
Other Asia 26
A f r i c a 55
North Africa 6
Other Africa 49
A s i a 40
American Samoa
Micronesia, Federated States of
Samoa
Cook Islands
Nauru
Solomon Islands
Fiji
New Caledonia
Tokelau
French Polynesia
Niue
Tonga
Guam
Northern Mariana Islands
Tuvalu
Kiribati
Palau
Vanuatu
Marshall Islands
Papua New Guinea
Wallis and Futuna Islands
Major exporters of
Algeria*
Netherlands Antilles
manufactures 12
Angola
Nigeria*
Brazil
Bahrain
Oman
China
Brunei Darussalam
Qatar*
China, Hong Kong SAR
Congo
Saudi Arabia*
China, Taiwan Province of
Gabon
Syrian Arab Republic
India
Indonesia*
Trinidad and Tobago
Korea, Republic of
Iran, Islamic Republic of*
United Arab Emirates*
Malaysia
Iraq*
Venezuela*
Mexico
Kuwait*
Yemen
Philippines
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya*
Singapore
(* OPEC member country)
Thailand
Turkey
All other developing countries / territories not listed among Major petroleum exporters or Major exporters of manufactures.
American Samoa
French Guiana
Palau
Anguilla
French Polynesia
Puerto Rico
Antigua and Barbuda
Greenland
Qatar
Argentina
Grenada
Reunion
Aruba
Guadeloupe
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Bahamas
Guam
Saint Lucia
Bahrain
Korea, Republic of
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Barbados
Kuwait
Saudi Arabia
Bermuda
Lebanon
Seychelles
British Virgin Islands
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Singapore
Brunei Darussalam
Martinique
Trinidad and Tobago
Cayman Islands
Mexico
Turks and Caicos Islands
Chile
Montserrat
United Arab Emirates
China, Hong Kong SAR
Netherlands Antilles
United States Virgin Islands
China, Macao SAR
New Caledonia
Uruguay
China, Taiwan Province of
Northern Mariana Islands
Venezuela
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
Oman
2000 per capita current GDP between US$ 1000 and US$ 4,500: Middle-income 50
Algeria
Gabon
Peru
Belize
Guatemala
Saint Helena
Bolivia
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Botswana
Jamaica
Samoa
Brazil
Jordan
South Africa
Cape Verde
Malaysia
Suriname
Colombia
Maldives
Swaziland
Cook Islands
Marshall Islands
Syrian Arab Republic
Costa Rica
Mauritius
Thailand
Cuba
Micronesia, Federated States of
Tokelau
Dominica
Morocco
Tonga
Dominican Republic
Namibia
Tunisia
Ecuador
Nauru
Turkey
Egypt
Niue
Tuvalu
El Salvador
Palestinian territory
Vanuatu
Equatorial Guinea
Panama
Wallis and Futuna Islands
Fiji
Paraguay
DISTRIBUTION OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES / TERRITORIES BY ECONOMIC GROUPING
A. DISTRIBUTION OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES / TERRITORIES BY MAJOR CATEGORY
O c e a n i a 21
Major petroleum exporters 21
Remaining economies 132
B. DISTRIBUTION OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES / TERRITORIES BY INCOME GROUP
2000 per capita current GDP above US$ 4,500: High-income 50
Afghanistan
Guinea-Bissau
Nicaragua
Angola
Guyana
Niger
Bangladesh
Haiti
Nigeria
Benin
Honduras
Pakistan
Bhutan
India
Papua New Guinea
Burkina Faso
Indonesia
Philippines
Burundi
Iraq
Rwanda
Cambodia
Kenya
Sao Tome and Principe
Cameroon
Kiribati
Senegal
Central African Republic
Korea, Democratic People's
Sierra Leone
Chad
Republic of
Solomon Islands
China
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Somalia
Comoros
Lesotho
Sri Lanka
Congo
Liberia
Sudan
Côte d'Ivoire
Madagascar
Timor-Leste
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Malawi
Togo
Djibuti
Mali
Uganda
Eritrea
Mauritania
United Republic of Tanzania
Ethiopia
Mongolia
Viet Nam
Gambia
Mozambique
Yemen
Ghana
Myanmar
Zambia
Guinea
Nepal
Zimbabwe
Afghanistan
1971Gambia
1975Rwanda
1971Angola
1994Guinea
1971Samoa
1971Bangladesh
1975Guinea-Bissau
1981Sao Tome and Principe
1982Benin
1971Haiti
1971Senegal
2001Bhutan
1971Kiribati
1986Sierra Leone
1982Burkina Faso
1971Lao People's Democratic Republic
1971Solomon Islands
1991Burundi
1971Lesotho
1971Somalia
1971Cambodia
1991Liberia
1990Sudan
1971Cape Verde
1977Madagascar
1991Timor-Leste
2003Central African Republic
1975Malawi
1971Togo
1982Chad
1971Maldives
1971Tuvalu
1986Comoros
1977Mali
1971Uganda
1971Democratic Republic of the Congo
1991Mauritania
1986United Republic of Tanzania
1971Djibouti
1982Mozambique
1988Vanuatu
1985Equatorial Guinea
1982Myanmar
1987Yemen
1971Eritrea
1994Nepal
1971Zambia
1991Ethiopia
1971Niger
1971Afghanistan
Kazakhstan
Rwanda
Armenia
Kyrgyzstan
Swaziland
Azerbaijan
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Tajikistan
Bhutan
Lesotho
Macedonia, the former Yugoslav
Bolivia
Malawi
Republic of
Botswana
Mali
Turkmenistan
Burkina Faso
Mongolia
Uganda
Burundi
Nepal
Uzbekistan
Central African Republic
Niger
Zambia
Chad
Paraguay
Zimbabwe
Ethiopia
Republic of Moldova
Angola
Gambia
Nicaragua
Benin
Guinea
Niger
Bolivia
Guinea-Bissau
Rwanda
Burkina Faso
Guyana
Sao Tome and Principe
Burundi
Honduras
Senegal
Cameroon
Kenya
Sierra Leone
Central African Republic
Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Somalia
Chad
Liberia
Sudan
Comoros
Madagascar
Togo
Congo
Malawi
Uganda
Côte d'Ivoire
Mali
United Republic of Tanzania
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Mauritania
Viet Nam
Ethiopia
Mozambique
Yemen
Ghana
Myanmar
Zambia
2000 per capita current GDP below US$ 1000: Low-income 65
C. OTHER GROUPINGS (MEMO ITEMS)
Least developed countries (LDCs) 50,
with respective year of inclusion in the groupingLandlocked countries 31
Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs) 42
EFTA (European Free Trade
Association) 3
Iceland
1960
Austria
1995
Latvia
2004
Norway
1960
Belgium
1957
Lithuania
2004
Switzerland
1960
Cyprus
2004
Luxembourg
1957
Czech Republic
2004
Malta
2004
Euro Zone (of EU) 12
Denmark
1973
Netherlands
1957
Austria
2002
Estonia
2004
Poland
2004
Belgium
2002
Finland
1995
Portugal
1986
Finland
2002
France
1957
Slovakia
2004
France
2002
Germany
1957
Slovenia
2004
Germany
2002
Greece
1981
Spain
1986
Greece
2002
Hungary
2004
Sweden
1995
Ireland
2002
Ireland
1973
United Kingdom
1973
Italy
2002
Italy
1957
Luxembourg
2002
Netherlands
2002
Portugal
2002
Spain
2002
ANCOM (Andean Community) 5
FTAA (Free Trade Area of
LAIA (Latin American
Bolivia
1996
the Americas) 34
Integration Association) 12
Colombia
1996
Antigua and Barbuda
1994
Argentina
1980
Ecuador
1996
Argentina
1994
Bolivia
1980
Peru
1996
Bahamas
1994
Brazil
1980
Venezuela
1996
Barbados
1994
Chile
1980
Belize
1994
Colombia
1980
CACM (Central American
Bolivia
1994
Cuba
1999
Common Market) 5
Brazil
1994
Ecuador
1980
Costa Rica
1962
Canada
1994
Mexico
1980
El Salvador
1961
Chile
1994
Paraguay
1980
Guatemala
1961
Colombia
1994
Peru
1980
Honduras
1961
Costa Rica
1994
Uruguay
1980
Nicaragua
1961
Dominica
1994
Venezuela
1980
Dominican Republic
1994
CARICOM (Caribbean
Ecuador
1994
MERCOSUR (Southern Common
Community) 15
El Salvador
1994
Market) 4
Antigua and Barbuda
1974
Grenada
1994
Argentina
1994
Bahamas
1983
Guatemala
1994
Brazil
1994
Barbados
1973
Guyana
1994
Paraguay
1994
Belize
1974
Haiti
1994
Uruguay
1994
Dominica
1974
Honduras
1994
Grenada
1974
Jamaica
1994
OECS (Organization of Eastern
Guyana
1973
Mexico
1994
Caribbean States) 9
Haiti
1997
Nicaragua
1994
Anguilla
1995
Jamaica
1973
Panama
1994
Antigua and Barbuda
1981
Montserrat
1974
Paraguay
1994
British Virgin Islands
1984
Saint Kitts and Nevis
1974
Peru
1994
Dominica
1981
Saint Lucia
1974
Saint Kitts and Nevis
1994
Grenada
1981
Saint Vincent and
Saint Lucia
1994
Montserrat
1981
the Grenadines
1974
Saint Vincent and
Saint Kitts and Nevis
1981
Suriname
1995
the Grenadines
1994
Saint Lucia
1981
Trinidad and Tobago
1973
Suriname
1994
Saint Vincent and
Trinidad and Tobago
1994
the Grenadines
1981
NAFTA (North American Free
United States of America
1994
Trade Agreement) 3
Uruguay
1994
Canada
1992
Venezuela
1994
Mexico
1992
United States of America
1992
Year of accession Year of accession
EU (European Union) 25
DISTRIBUTION OF COUTRIES / TERRITORIES BY TRADE GROUPING
E u r o p e
Group Year of accession
A m e r i c a
Group Year of accession Group Year of accession Group Year of accession
CEPGL (Economic Community of
ECOWAS (Economic Community
ECCAS (Economic Community of
the Great Lakes Countries) 3
of West African States) 15
Central African States) 11
Burundi
1976
Benin
1975
Angola
1999
Democratic Republic of
Burkina Faso
1975
Burundi
1983
the Congo
1976
Cape Verde
1975
Cameroon
1983
Rwanda
1976
Côte d'Ivoire
1975
Central African Republic
1983
Gambia
1975
Chad
1983
COMESA (Common Market for
Ghana
1975
Congo
1983
Eastern and Southern Africa) 20
Guinea
1975
Democratic Republic of
Angola
1994
Guinea-Bissau
1975
the Congo
1983
Burundi
1994
Liberia
1975
Equatorial Guinea
1983
Comoros
1994
Mali
1975
Gabon
1983
Democratic Republic of
Niger
1975
Rwanda
1983
the Congo
1994
Nigeria
1975
Sao Tome and Principe
1983
Djibouti
1994
Senegal
1975
Egypt
1994
Sierra Leone
1975
MRU (Mano River Union) 3
Eritrea
1994
Togo
1975
Guinea
1973
Ethiopia
1994
Liberia
1973
Kenya
1994
SADC (Southern African
Sierra Leone
1973
Madagascar
1994
Development Community) 14
Malawi
1994
Angola
1992
CEMAC (Economic and Monetary
Mauritius
1994
Botswana
1992
Community of Central Africa) 6
Namibia
1994
Democratic Republic of
Cameroon
1994
Rwanda
1994
the Congo
1992
Central African Republic
1994
Seychelles
1994
Lesotho
1992
Chad
1994
Sudan
1994
Malawi
1992
Congo
1994
Swaziland
1994
Mauritius
1992
Equatorial Guinea
1994
Uganda
1994
Mozambique
1992
Gabon
1994
Zambia
1994
Namibia
1992
Zimbabwe
1994
Seychelles
1992
UEMOA (West African Economic
South Africa
1994
and Monetary Union) 8
UMA (Arab Maghreb Union) 5
Swaziland
1992
Benin
1994
Algeria
1989
United Republic of Tanzania
1992
Burkina Faso
1994
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
1989
Zambia
1992
Côte d'Ivoire
1994
Mauritania
1989
Zimbabwe
1992
Guinea-Bissau
1994
Morocco
1989
Mali
1994
Tunisia
1989
Niger
1994
Senegal
1994
Togo
1994
ASEAN (Association of
Bangkok Agreement 6
MSG (Melanesia Spearhead
South-East Asian Nations) 10
Bangladesh
1975
Group) 4
Brunei Darussalam
1967
China
2001
Fiji
1996
Cambodia
1967
India
1975
Papua New Guinea
1988
Indonesia
1967
Lao People's Democratic
Solomon Islands
1988
Lao People’s Democratic
Republic
1975
Vanuatu
1988
Republic
1967
Republic of Korea
1975
Malaysia
1967
Sri Lanka
1975
SAARC (South Asian Association
Myanmar
1967
for Regional Cooperation) 7
Philippines
1967
ECO (Economic Cooperation
Bangladesh
1985
Singapore
1967
Organization) 10
Bhutan
1985
Thailand
1967
Afghanistan
1992
India
1985
Viet Nam
1967
Azerbaijan
1992
Maldives
1985
Iran, Islamic Republic of
1985
Nepal
1985
GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) 6
Kazakhstan
1992
Pakistan
1985
Bahrain
1981
Kyrgyzstan
1992
Sri Lanka
1985
Kuwait
1981
Pakistan
1985
Oman
1981
Tajikistan
1992
Qatar
1981
Turkey
1985
Saudi Arabia
1981
Turkmenistan
1992
United Arab Emirates
1981
Uzbekistan
1992
A s i a
Group Year of accession Group Year of accession Group Year of accession
A f r i c a
Group Year of accession Group Year of accession Group Year of accession
