Corrosion Por Agua de Mar

(1)

CORROSION POR AGUA DE

MAR

PROF.: DR. ELSA

CAMACHO ESCOBAR LIZBETH

VELA LÓPEZ JOSÉ ENRIQUE

(2)

INTRODUCCION : CORROSIÓN MARINA

Mientr!

Mientr! en e

en e" #!

" #!$% !%"&

$% !%"&ente

ente "%! 'r

"%! 'r(%! e

(%! e in!t"(i%ne!

in!t"(i%ne!

#%rt)ri! e!t'n e*#)e!t! " +) $e &r, (t)"&ente "!

e!tr)(t)r! &et-"i(! !e e*tien$en  t%$!

e!tr)(t)r! &et-"i(! !e e*tien$en  t%$! )e""! e&#"e$!

)e""! e&#"e$!

en " e#"%r(i/n , )!% 0 e#"%t(i/n $e" &r 0 !) 1%n$%

2$i)e!,

'%0!,

#"t1%r&!,

3%tnte!,

#nt"ne!,

2$i)e!,

'%0!,

#"t1%r&!,

3%tnte!,

#nt"ne!,

!)'&rin%! , t%rre $e #er1%r(i/n , in!t"(i%ne! , et(.4 , !in

%"5i$r "! (%&#"e6! in!t"(i%ne! $e in+enier7 $e

#%t'i"i8(i/n $e" +) $e &r.

(3)

EL AGUA DE MAR:

FACTORES QUE INFLUYEN EN LA CORROSIÓN MARINA •

E! e" e"e(tr%"it% nt)r" $e &0%r (%n(entr(i/n !"in e!

e)i5"ente  )n !%")(i/n ()%! $e NC" " 9.;

•

A"t (%n$)(ti5i$$

•

M-i&% $e (%n(entr(i/n $e %7+en% $e'i$%  " (%n(entr(i/n

$e NC" ("%r)r%!

•

A)&ent% en "! $en!i$$e! $e (%rriente re!i$)"e! en " #"i(i/n

•

F(i"i$$ $e (%rr%!i/n &i(r%'i%"/+i(

•

C%n$)(ti5i$$ &)0 "t <.<9 %=&>? (&>?

•

PH: A#r%*. @. , en 8%n! (%n "t (ti5i$$ 'i%"/+i( !e #)e$e

(4)

E" e1e(t% $e!#%"ri8$%r $e e!te

i%n , !%n en !) &0%r7

#r%$)(t%! &)0 !%")'"e! , )ni$%

! ) 1(i"i$$ $e $e1%r&(i/n 0

#enetr(i/n 2#e)e% 5%")&en

i/ni(%4 en " re$ (ri!t"in $e "!

#%!i'"e! #e"7()"! #!i5! )e

!e 1%r&n !%'re "%! &et"e!

e*#"i( !) +rn #%$er (%rr%!i5%

(5)

•

Di!)e"t%! en e" +) $e &r !e en()entrn +!e! t&%!1ri(%!

N?, O 0 CO. $e t%$%! e""%! e" %*i+en% #re!ent )n ##" en

#ri&%r$i", 0 )e !)&ini!tr " !)!tn(i #r )e !e #r%$)8(

" re((i/n (t/$i(:



L !)#er(ie $e (%nt(t% &rGire, "

+it(i/n &e(-ni(

2%"e6e4, " ener+7 (%n5e((i/n nt)r", =(en )e e" +) e!te

ire$ =!t " #r%1)n$i$$e!.

L! &! %*i+en$! !er-n "! !)#er(ie!, #%r)e e! &! 1-(i" e"

inter(&'i% $e %*i+en% (%n " t&%!1er.

½

O

2

H

2

(6)

H-•

Entre "%! << 0 ?<<<& =0 )n $i!&in)(i/n 0 #)e$e ""e+r 

((G" ,

 &0%re! #r%1)n$i$$e! e" e" )&ent O

#er&ne(ien$% (%n!tnte  ?<<.

E" $i/*i$% $e (r'%n% $i!)e"t% !e ="" en e)i"i'ri% (%n "%! i%ne!

'i(r'%nt% 0 (r'%nt% !7 (%&% (%n e" (i$% (r'/ni(% e i%n

=i$r%+en%:

E!te e)i"i'ri% !e $ #%r " 1%r&(i/n $e !e$i&ent%! ("(-re%!,

0 )e " #re(i#it(i/n $e "%! (r'%nt%! $e ("(i% 0 &+ne!i% 0

e!tr%n(i% re$)(e e" ((e!% $e" %*i+en%  " !)#er(ie &et-"i(. L%

)e e! $e n%t%ri i&#%rtn(i #r "+)n%! 1en/&en%! $e

(%rr%!i/n.

(7)

EL PROCESO DE CORROSION

.

C%&% t%$% 1en/&en% e"e(tr%)7&i(% , !) 5e"%(i$$ e!t re"(i%n$ (%n : E" #r%(e!% n/$i(% , E" #r%(e!% (t/$i(% 0 " re!i!ten(i /=&i(.

Me

n

+

ne

E" #r%(e!% n/$i(% $e $i!%")(i/n &et-"i( , #%$r- 5eri(r!e #)e! " ')n$n(i $e e"e(tr%"it% !e !)& " #ri(i/n $e )n "t% (%nteni$% $e i%n ("%r)r% "% )e e"e5 " 5e"%(i$$ n/$i( (%n #%( #%"ri8(i/n.

En " re$)((i/n $e %*i+en% $i!)e"t% " ""e+$ $e &%"()"! $e %*i+en% #r%(e$ente! $e " t&%!1er  " !)#er(ie &et-"i(, e!tr- (%n$i(i%n$  " te&#ert)r , e*i!ten(i $ (%rriente! (%ne(ti5! 0 5e"%(i$$ $e" "i&ite $e $i1)!i/n tre5e! $e " (# "i&ite

(8)

L (%rr%!i/n &rin t%&

1%r& $e t)e "%("i8$%

en ter&in$! 8%n!:

 F%r&(i/n $e #i($)r!:

C"%r)r%!

 C%rr%!i/n +"5-ni(

 C%rr%!i/n '6% ten(i/n 1ti+

: +r5$% #%r ("%r)r%!

 C%rr%!i/n

#re1eren(i"2!e"e(ti54:

$eter&in$ 1!e % &et"

 Mi(r%'i%"/+i(: Me$i%

15%r'"e #r " 5i$

(9)

(10)

EFECTO DE LA SALINIDAD

• E!t (%&#ren$i$ entre "%! 99 0 9 #rte! #%r &i". • Z%n! $%n$e " 5#%r(i/n #re$%&in !%'re

#re(i#it(i%ne! ()%!! 2 !er- &! e"e5$  ()! $e (%n(entr(i/n $e" +)4, e (!%

(%ntrri% " !"ini$$ $e!(ien$e $e'i$%  " $i!%")(i/n .

• E!t% %()rre en #)ert%! 8%n! (%!ter! ,

e!t)ri%! $e "%! r7%! 0 &! (er(n!  #%'"(i%ne! $%n$e " (%nt&in(i/n

(11)

A #rtir $e ?<  =!t " !t)r(i/n , " (%rr%!i/n $i!&in)0e "% &i!&% )e "% =(e " (%n(entr(i/n $e %*i+en%

L (%rr%!i/n )&ent " =(er"% " (%n(entr(i/n $e ?  ?<+G".

D'i"e! 5ri(i%ne! en " !"ini$$ $e" +) $e &r n% #re(en #r%$)(ir (&'i%! #re(i'"e! en " (%rr%!i/n $e" (er% !)&er+i$%.

Sin e&'r+% 5ri(i%ne! e" " !"ini$$ #)e$en in3)ir #%r t)r')"en(i % (%rrr%!i%n> er%!i%n #r%'"e&! 1re()ente!  "%! )e e!t-n !%&eti$%! "%! t)'%! , 5-"5)"! , '%&'! et(.,

(12)

(13)

EFECTO DE LA TEMPERATURA

• E!t 5ri en 1)n(i/n $e "

e!t(i/n $e" % 0 ")+r. • L te&#ert)r %!(i"  0 9KC, )n)e "! +)! !)#er(i"e! #)e$en "(n8r 5"%re! &! "t%!. • P%r e" )&ent% $e ?< KC !e

$)#"i( " 5e"%(i$$ en e" #r%(e!% )7&i(%, !in e&'r+% $e'i$%  " !%")'i"i$$ $e" %*i+en% e"e&ent% ne(e!ri% #r e" #r%(e!% (t/$i(% $e (%rr%!i/n , " )&entr " te&#ert)r !e re+i!tr e" e1e(t% (%ntrri%.

Ejempl: L 1%r&(i/n $e $e#/!it%! #r%te(t%re! ("(-re%! , p!"#$"p%lme#&e 'e $%!(#%&) 'e $%l$" * m%#e)" )e !)e"en #r%$)(ir!e en t)'er7! 0 %tr%! (%&#%nente! &et-"i(%! " %l$%#,%!)e en e""%! "t! te&#ert)r! ./-01C34 t&'in &%ti5 )e " 5e"%(i$$ $e (%rr%!i/n $i!&in)0 en 1%r& #re(i'"e.

(14)

L! #re5i!i'"e! &! e"e5$! 5e"%(i$$e! $e (%rr%!i/n $e +)! ("iente! tr%#i("e! !e 5en, !i&i!&% , &%rti+)$! #%r " e*i!ten(i en e!e ti#% $e +)! $e ')n$nte (re(i&ient% $e %r+ni!&%! &rin%! "% )e ""e5 )n re$)((i/n en e" ((e!% $e" %*i+en%  " !)#er(ie &et-"i(.

En +)! 1r7! , $%n$e e" (re(i&ient% $e %r+ni!&%! e &en%r 0 &0%r " !%")'i"i$$ $e" %*i+en% , !e %'!er5 )n (e"er(i/n $e" #r%(e!% $e

(15)

EFECTO DE LA 5ELOCIDAD DEL FLU6O

• E" &%5i&ient% $e" +) $e &r, " 1e(tr " trn!#%rte $e %*i+en%  "!

8%n! (t/$i(! 0  " e"i&in(i/n $e "%! #r%$)(t%! $e (%rr%!i/n, #)e$e (%ntri')ir $e(i!i5&ente en " &+nit)$ $e" #r%(e!% (%rr%!i5%.

• De#en$ien$% $e " ("!e $e &teri" )n )&ent% en " 5e"%(i$$ $e 3)6% %

(16)

EFECTO DE LA PROFUNDIDAD

M-*i& (%rr%!i/n, #%r e!tr e" &et" (%ntin)&ente &%6$% 0 "i+er&ente ire$% C%n1%r&e )&ent " #r%1)n$i$$ " (%rr%!i/n 5)e"5e  (re(er LA (%rr%!i/n $e!(ien$e 0 )e " 1"t $e (%n5e((i/n re$)(e e*tre&$&ente e" !)&ini!tr% $e %*i+en%  " M7ni&% $e (%rr%!i/n , #%r ire(i/n $i1eren(i" entre " 8%n2(t%$%4 0 " in&er!i/n (%ntin) 2-n%$%4 &en%!

%*i+en$. ?<< &etr%!, (%rr%!i/n ner/'i( <<>?<<<&

(17)

(18)

EFECTO DE LA CONTAMINACIÓN

• E!t! 8%n! (%&% "%! e!t)ri%! $e "%! r7%! 1)rente&ente (%nt&in%! 

(!)! $e +)! re!i$)"e! n% trt$! (%ntienen &teri %r+-ni(, % $e 3)ente! e!#e(7(%! #r%(e$ente! $e #"nt! )7&i(! 15%re(e " #re!en(i $e (%n$i(i%ne! %#%e!7("$%) &e$i% i$e" #r e" $e!rr%""% $e '(teri! !)"1%rre$)(t%r! )e "i'ern (nti$$e! i&#%rtnte! 'e %$"' )8l9!""'!"$;

• L +rn &%5i"i$$ $e "%! i%ne! $e =i$r/+en%! 0 e" $e!#"8&ient% $e +!

=i$r%+en% e5itn " e*i!ten(i $e 1en/&en%! $e #%"ri8(i/n $e (%n(entr(i/n , en "e (!% $e &%"()"! $e %*i+en% "i&itn e" #r%(e!% $e (%rr%!i/n

(19)

MECANISMOS PRINCIPALES

• $e!)"1%5i'ri% $e!)"1)ri(n! trn!1%r&n "%! !)"1t%! en (i$% !)"1ri(%

2 SH4 1e(tn &! en -re! e!tn($! #r%"i1ern  +rn 5e"%(i$$. Prin(i#"&ente "e(i%ne! $e C)

 2NH9,NO>9 NO>4 < #.#.& in(")!% &0%r, <. #.#.&.

(20)

INCRUSTACIONES <IOLÓGICAS

• Se entien$e #%r " e*i!ten(i !%'re !)#er(ie !)&er+i$! $e %r+ni!&%

ni&"e! % 5e+et"e! )e !e 6n (%&% e!#%r! % "r5! 0 (re(en !%'re e!%! !)!trt%! =!t "(n8r 1%r&! $)"t!.

• Se #r%$)(en ()n$% " 5e"%(i$$ $e" %'6et% &et-"i(% (%n re"(i/n " &r e!

in1er7%!  ?&G! !in e&'r+% )n 5e8 " 6(i/n !e #r%$)(e ni "t! 5e"%(i$$e! !%n (#(e! $e $e!#ren$er"!.

Corrosion Por Agua de Mar