Latin American Society and Imperial College London
3rd Symposium
Sustainable Development in Latin America
20-21 May
2019
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The Latin American Society of Imperial College London Symposium
3rd Edition Topic: Sustainable development in Latin America ISBN: 978-164606773-2 Released: June 2019 Editor-in-Chief: Diego Moya ([email protected]; [email protected]) Editor, Designer and Publisher: Irene Escobar ([email protected]) Peer-reviewer process: Institute for Applied Sustainability Research Editorial Board: Ernesto Santibanez Borda, Diego Moya,
Irene Escobar, Denis Fraga, Michelle Arellano Scientific Program: Denis Fraga, Michelle Arellano, Sara Abad, David Terán, Boris Ochoa-Tocachi, Pablo Carvajal You are free to:
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5
MOISES GÓMEZ SOTO ERNESTO SANTIBAÑEZ BORDA
MIGUEL NOYA VARGAS
DIEGO MOYA LUIS SALINAS FARRÁN
IRENE ESCOBAR
Publicity and Public Relations Chair General Chair
Exhibits Committee Manager
Registration Committee Manager
Editor-in-Chief
Editor
TEAM
Editorial Board
Ernesto Santibanez Borda, Diego Moya, Irene Escobar, Denis Fraga, Michelle Arellano
Scientific Program
Denis Fraga, Michelle Arellano, Sara Abad, David Terán, Boris Ochoa-Tocachi, Pablo Carvajal
Publicity and Public Relations team
Moises Gomez, Ana Teresa Vargas Frutos, Denis Martins Fra- ga, Matias Alejandro Lasen Andrade, Paola Alejandra Saenz Cavazos, David Ricardo Pedrero Bastidas, Jaime Alberto Par- ra Raad, Diego Mesa, María Verónica Ordoñez, Camilo Mesa
Registration Committee Luis Salinas, Paulina Quintanilla
38
Introduction
The increasing demand for jet fuel and the concern about climate change make necessary to reduce the dependence of petroleum products and search for sustainable alter- natives like the use of bio-jet fuel. This research studies, through a techno-economic analysis, three processes to produce bio-jet fuel, using oleaginous crops waste as a feedstock including palm kernel oil, palm fatty acid distil- lates (PFAD) and lignocellulose from palm biomass trunks and empty fruit bunches (EFB). Physico-chemical properties were estimated using different methods to determine if the final product of each process met with the technical requirements established in the ASTM standards. Mass and energy balances considered the energetic self-sufficiency of the processes simulations in ASPEN Plus®, preventing the use of fossil energy sources. An exergy thermo-eco- nomic analysis was performed to identify and quantify the thermodynamic efficiency of each process. Palm kernel oil and PFAD were converted to hydro-processed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) by esterification followed by upgrading to bio-jet fuel while the lignocellulose was converted into bio-jet fuel using a thermochemical conversion process composed by fermentation, dehydration, oligomerization and hydroprocessing (L-ETH-J).
Experimental
The NRTL method was chosen in the three simulations in ASPEN Plus® software. The physico-chemical properties estimation was based on groups contribution methods including Joback & Reid (1), Benson (2), Ambrose (3), Lydersen (3), Skander (4) and Satyanarayana, and Rackett’s method (5). For the thermodynamic properties Peng-Rob- inson’s equation of the state (6) was employed.
Oleaginous crops waste derived bio-jet fuel production:
Techno-economic analysis
Mr . NICOLAS VELA David Bolonio, Maria Jesus Gar cia, Mar celo Ortega, Laur eano Canoir a
On one hand, the palm kernel oil was deoxygen- ated to hydrocarbons during the HEFA process by catalytic hydrotreating (7). The hydrocarbon products (mainly C9–C18) were subsequently cracked and isomerized by the addition of H2.
The PFAD process was performed by updating a simulation reported previously by Yujaroen D.
et al. (8). On the other hand, during the L-ETH-J process, the lignocellulose was pre-treated using SO2 and then hydrolysed enzymatically, with cellulose to glucose conversion of 87% (9). Con- tinuous fermentation using a promising co-fer-
menting strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was subsequently employed, which had conversions of xylose to ethanol of 44% and glucose to eth- anol of 88%. To get a higher purity of ethanol, an azeotropic distillation was performed using benzene achieving 99,8% ethanol purity. Ethanol upgrading to bio-jet fuel was made by dehydra- tion, oligomerization and hydroprocessing. The economic investigation was performed based on the complete mass and energy balances from the ASPEN Plus® process simulations.