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*
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% 0 F (2
3
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'0GA .
2 - mG' V J & / ( 0 0J* ( G q + ( A )*
.
3 - + & w H '0GA & / ( - 0J* ( G q + ( A )*
.
[email protected] haft
- M;
:
0 l o - ' % / 6 U : ; )* 8 ^& V G )G' % ;
B1' mG' V 1'2 J G % ; 1 + 5
. Z & (% ..] ( 1 1'2 Z & &?-
J mG' % * & . % B 1U F o - ' . B1'
;
%t 1 W I W G1 % ;
0 .
1' 3J5 …2 8 % % ;
%
3! 0# S!
56 1/ S! < @ = & 1
3 0G5 . %0G % ;
‰
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.
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) (Vp
% * & . [ . V % ; % ] V
) (UCS
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)1 = ; ~ " A 8 91
/ 0 0 / A 8 )1 = ; S & 05 n =S .
S
B1' % AG* + 0* B1' Z & ' ;
* (0 . 0;
G +UCS
) S 05 1 ?1H %
32 0 . = 0 0G1 ; 05 % /
. ' { 1 ;
^& 0GG (, G ; 8 C F ! &
05 UCS
.
+ $ -?
: - 9 D5O t5 (/ 5# 7D 8 ( 2
- 9 $
) $ .
: 2 :
# @ % J J % ; 1 + 1 A J # @ '0GA % ;
(05
% ] V % * & . )
(UCS
' mG' .
# @ A . 1 + 3 ] & ;
% ;
% B# ( 0 C - '0GA B U '0GA ( B % ;
Z' & 0A J GJ It 3I & 1
t& + % ..]
B1' X 1U > S & ; 5
) (< € %
Bieniawski 1989
•
Barton
•2002 Uboldi et al. 1999
•
Gurocak et al. 2008
•
Ozkan et al. 2009
&
Zhang et al. 2010
.(
% AG* + ^& B1' o - ' ' 05 I ISRM
) <&0 1 .(
U I 1 - ]D - : D g 9 8 t5 (/ - UCS
) : 8 &
Altindag, 2012 Yagiz, 2011
.(
& : : 5 V5
- %! 4 $ ]D
) D :C Vp
) BW $ N! ^ (R
Goktan, 1988 -
- m/s UCS = 0.036 Vp – 31.18
Entwisle et al., 1990 mG'
*B* 8 % ; -
km/s UCS = 0.78 Vp0.88 (0.73)
Christaras et al., 1997
& (V;8 mG' (
| & ( 1 + ' (mG' ' ( 48
km/s UCS = 9.95 Vp1.21 (0.83)
Zukui et al., 2001 mG' '
- km/s UCS = 0.0188 Vp + 0.0648 (0.95)
Yasar & Erdogan, 2003 0 & | ( & ( (V;8 mG'
8 km/s UCS = 21.677 Vp + 21.427 (0.95)
Tercan et al., 2005 3 5 (mG' 3/ (V;8 mG' ( )G (mG' '
8 km/s UCS = 7.1912 Vp + 26.258 (0.57)
Kilic & Teymen, 2008 ( ( / ( (V;8 mG' (mG' ' ( (
0 (| ( ( &
19 km/s UCS = 2.304 Vp2.4315 (0.97)
Yagiz, 2011 5 (V;8 mG' ( &
9 km/s UCS = 0.258 Vp3.543 (0.92)
Altindag, 2012 1 1 ' ( ' (3 5 ( & ( ( & (mG' ' (V;8 mG'
97 km/s UCS = 12.746 Vp1.194 (0.79)
0 0* q ^& & + q & 2 q o ^& 3 5 ^& '
^& G % ;
0 0 1' Z' (mG' 5 & % * o - ' % /
' 05 AG* +ISRM
. 8 ;
%& …2 ,KG '0G; 3J5 ;
) w l ( 5 / ' % ; 1' % ;
& % % ;
%&
( S! 3! 0# &
56 S! < @ = & 1 1/
3 C F 5 . % ' 8 % ;
' # % ;
mG' % ] V 8 B1' % ; 05
) (^& ' & A 1380
.(
) 0G B 1U 3 - )
Kopf et al., 1985
(
w (
A 8 D ] & ; )
Jech et al., 1985
( (
5 +& &
mG' ' / / % ;
)
Rodriguez-Sastre and Calleja, 2006
( YS' % (
)
Kahraman, 2002
(
@ 0 ( )
Kahraman, 2007
( mG' 0G; 3 J* % &
)
Singh and
Kripamoy, 2005
( 0G1 ; 9/ h o - ' %&
. 1' 9 1' & J % ;
0
* 8 Y ] C F > (05 9/ h 3 - 0!
&
. | &?- (& G
l > - % & G ; &0] (% /
& C0- K ; C )G' l % ;
l Z= 3I & >?J* ( < @ % /
( ; )G' % ; mG' &
;
2 /0 ˆ + w %0G
# { 1 S! C0- & 8 % ; 0
.
^& % ..] 1' W 0 , .1 : & ' ;
G ; ; &?- 0 ( ;
l % ;0G >?J*
+ C0- & % / > -?@ )1'
€ 0# 0G 1 & 0 ' DB 1B % ;
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. 0 ^& ( S o - ' % /
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5 ( 1
J mG' % * & . 1 .
G B1' & D ' 1' FG ;
A mG' '0GA > TH 0G
.
^& ' Gˆ ; % A |0;
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l D J )G' % ; 0
.
0 ]6 C :L,! D :
1' + o V GJ )
Continuous Wave Technique - CWT
( < ' & % 1992
%
0 % ; - ' % / l > T ;
' 05 I )G' % ; .
8 )1'
1 ‰ 3 ' 15
. < ' ;0 1995
< [ ' 3 # 3 ! > AF
V GJ 0 % ( 05 1H 'CWT
H J J > TH =' ] & o - ' % / % B# % ;
/ ! B1' )
Nes et al., 1998
&
Claussen, 2000
.(
% * & o q ^&
^ F % J 1'2 % ;
)
^ % ; (
0 1' S 10
- 1 ; ) 05
.
< ' J ; & J 2006
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W 1H G o q % /
0 05 J 8 0 0 .
0 o - ' A 8 H 05 % /
% ; 3 # . % B# % ;
. J It
' =! 3 ! U ; 0G; * 0 )
Tutunncu et al., 2006
.(
& J & w )
2006 ( )1'
Temco CWT-200
o - ' (%9BG * |0;
% *
% B# H % ; 05 3.
) U" % • S' % 3
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0 % / .
+& & % * o - ' . )1 & A 8 AG* + & 0 * 3 5 % ;
3 5 o - ' 0 0 %0G 2 - ( ;
5 % / )
Budak and Falkowicz, 2006
.(
: 5 :
… - F 12 0 B1' mG' & . J %
o - ' % /
' 05 J [ . V % ; .
> TH ' G5 % B1' ( 8 % ;
^&
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% ; J ) ) & 3U U (
J J ( )
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mG' % ] (
0 Gˆ ; &
' 05 C F 5 & % * o - ' % / )
<&0 2 .(
U I 2 -
%! 4 }!
: 5 M M M!" 8 $ -"H $
.
: 5 -
?565 6 7 9 [5<,
) g/cm3 ( P,+,D (%) UCS(MPa) E(GPa)
Vp (m/s) Vs (m/s)
V;8 mG' SW-1 59
/ 2 25
/ 2 76
/ 279 18
/ 43 -
-
V;8 mG' SW-2 72
/ 2 16
/ 1 32
/ 246 68
/ 42 -
-
V;8 mG' SW-3 64
/ 2 62
/ 2 39
/ 230 49
/ 44 -
-
V;8 mG' SW-4 65
/ 2 91
/ 0 73
/ 129 03
/ 65 6197 3277
V;8 mG' SW-5 64
/ 2 07
/ 1 89
/ 82 12
/ 58 6104 3109
' SW-6 1 1 70
/ 2 71
/ 2 26
/ 62 56
/ 26 5006 2571
1 1 ' SW-7 38
/ 2 88
/ 1 49
/ 51 18
/ 22 5052 2560
1 1 ' SW-8 70
/ 2 31
/ 3 00
/ 47 37
/ 28 5167 2584
1 1 ' SW-9 63
/ 2 72
/ 2 29
/ 24 82
/ 14 4755 2131
SW-10 V;8 mG'
73 / 2 1
/
<0 49
/ 182 92
/ 33 -
-
SW-11 V;8 mG'
64 / 2 93
/ 0 39
/ 124 23
/ 64 6113 3270
SW-12 1 1 '
38 / 2 88
/ 1 49
/ 51 18
/ 22 5052 2560
$ : 5 - 4 :
0G ' % ; + )
5 % ; + 800
( ' 05 H GJ & | …? 1' > T * 5 %& ( .
YS' % YS' 1' % (0 # )1' H 3.
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1
1 )
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) YS' )
YS'
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' 05 3.
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* 5 5 0G ' % ; + B1' & 05 0 % 800
0 * 1' > T * 5 %& ( 5
5 15 %& ~ 1# > h .
W F 12
U" 3 S1 ~ J 3J5 5
Ž - ( 1 20
< @ & 1 50
- 40
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.
%! 4 Z :
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AR860
5 Z' 05 0
Smart Sensor
' 05 B1' .
0 G' S! % o - ' % /
6 q & 1 5
; )
0 ! ' % /
1 U" &0] ; 0
/ –50 00 / 1 1 .
)1' !
0 U" % / 01
/ 0 0 & 1 % o - ' % /
1 U" ; 20
( 1
±1 mm/h×100%
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3J5 ( 8 C F 1
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.
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! & G' 5
. qk' o ' - ' 0. ( )1' U" , KG
5 . | …? • S' % B1' , 1 J & 0GG 3+ 3 -
5 B1' 1 J & 0GG 3+ 3 - ' C 2 ( & , • S' ; .
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V ; %&
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0 G A 8 ) 0. & 05 C F o - ' % /
<&0 o - ' 0.
3 ' 05 I .
o - ' . > l ~ " . Gˆ ;
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U I
3 - ( ,^ $ ! 4 $ : 5 8 t5 (/ ! 2 5
- A +
! 2 CVob
- 4 ( (= `9 .
: 5 -
%! 4 ]D Vp (m/s)
CVob (%) (= `9
5 SW-1 00
/ 7618 52
/ 2 07
/ 1
5 SW-2 00
/ 7422 03
/ 2 06
/ 1
5 SW-3 00
/ 7264 46
/ 1 04
/ 1
5 SW-4 00
/ 7236 79
/ 2 08
/ 1
5 SW-5 00
/ 7186 03
/ 4 12
/ 1
6 SW-6 67
/ 5646 72
/ 3 09
/ 1
5 SW-7 00
/ 5892 03
/ 2 06
/ 1
7 SW-8 86
/ 6022 64
/ 4 10
/ 1
6 SW-9 33
/ 5593 18
/ 8 21
/ 1
SW-10 5
00 / 7730 11
/ 1 03
/ 1
SW-11 5
00 / 6768 39
/ 4 13
/ 1
SW-12 6
33 / 5293 63
/ 10 28
/ 1
8 % 0 3! 0# % )
0; * a .
% ( ) 0. =' ] A
J ; & 3 / Z' S ( 1- 3 ! )
2005 ( ' 05 AG* + )
Gill et al., 2005
:(
1
100 1 1
2 +
=
− + CV p t
p ob
N β
(p) & 1' -t ~ " (tβ) ( ; V ; 8 { 1 > l ~ " (CVob) (n S ' ! ŠH 5 .
..] Z' ! ŠH 5 % B 1U . (> S & t& + ;
' 05 AG* + X 1U .
t& + % J S ' 0G ; ;
% B# & ; % ;
H G
t& + & ,A ( . .] % ;
p≤1.20
' 05 AG* + )
Gill et al., 2005
.(
& n S & G
. )
CVob
( V ; ;
) <&0 3 ( 3! 0# 0 ( 5
0 ' C 2 mG' ; %& % /
8 % 1- 3 ! ) . 1 I & =' ] ;
.
g > ( 2 :W # :
* + F Z & B1' )
<&0 1 ( 0 o - ' . &
05 % / % ;
[ . V )
<&0 3 ( 0. ( ' 05 =' ] ; UCS
. . FG ( F Z & 3 #UCS
& B1 . 0 . ' 05 UCS
0 U ; A 8 05 % / )
3J5 2 .(
C0-
. U ; 0 UCS
% 0 0 S & ' C& ( 8 05 =' ] & 05 % /
UCS
%& o - ' 8 { 1 B1' U" ;
6 F , 0G
.
D g - %! 4 5 $ : 5 - :W # UCS ! 2 :B! 2 -2 PM )
U I 2 .(
! I g :] 5D :
S ' % %& o - ' 8 { 1 UCS
(, U" ;
* & . % ] V %
o - ' & 0 1' % ; 9
05 B1'
S )
SW-1
(SW-9
' 05 , ' )
3J5 3 .(
' / W 1 ) ( (& ( SH % ;
)1 = ; ~ " 2 05 ' a . &
) 91 / 0 ( ' / a '
:
UCS = 0.20 e 0.0009 (Vp)
PM 3 -
NB) 5# 7D 8 ( 2 BW $ 5
NB) 8 t5 (/ MPa .m/s
A :C !
:
0 . (% ] V % * & . % AG* + S % 05 % /
* o - ' %
% ;
SW-10
(
SW-11
&
SW-12
' 05 B1' .
( ' 9 C 2 % ;
SW-10 SW-12
0* J ( F S ' 0
. 0. (% AG* + S B1'
UCS
w 0 . & 05 @ )G' % ; 0 1' 8 8 05 % /
05 . ;
' ) <&0 4 .(
. |?1H ) 0 UCS
&0# 05 =' ] & 05 % / 32
0 05
.
. " Gˆ ; 0 UCS
05 % / % ;
SW-10
(
SW-11
&
SW-12
a . G
A 8 n =S (0 0 1 '
&
) 3J5 4 ( ' 05 ' )
3J5 5 .(
U I 4 - ! 2 - UCS
: 5 - :W # - &
$ SW-10 6 SW-12 .
: 5 - Vp (m/s)
) (MPa UCS - - &
) (MPa UCS
- :W #
oE 9 (%)UCS
SW-10 00
/ 7730 49
/ 182 25
/ 213 85
/ 16
SW-11 00
/ 6768 39
/ 124 72
/ 89 87
/ 27
SW-12 33
/ 5293 49
/ 51 79
/ 23 79
/ 53
SW-12 SW-11 SW-10 $: 5 - & - UCS ! 2 & -5 PM PM 5
3 .
A PO ) t5 (/ ! 2 :B! 2
:
^& 05 % / 0 o - ' . % ;
0 1' )
<&0 05 I . 1
( - ' .
0 %& 05 % / [ . V % ;
) <&0 3 ( 05 . ) 0J ( 0
. SH a =
)1 = ; ~ " n . 90
/ 0 ' 05 3 # .
5 & % * o - ' S
{ 1 B1' 0
%& o - ' % / ' 05 > T [ . V % ;
:
Vp(Core) = 0.75 Vp(Frag.) + 770.79 R = 0.95
Vs(Core) = 0.48 Vp(Frag.) - 242.88 R = 0.89
PM 6 - 8 :
"H $ : 5 - & - 8 t5 (/ ! 2 :B! 2
(/ ! 2 -
ˆ7;5 $ : 5 - & - 8 t5 (a
-"H Vp 7;5 : 5 Vp
(b -"H Vs 7;5 : 5 Vp
.
& : :
0 ( S %& o - ' % /
0 0 5& G , U" ;
mG' & . )
(UCS
0 / ' .
% * o - ' (^&
&0# U" ;
5mm
q ; )1' 5
&0# 0G1' & 0 / & ; ) 6mm
0 ' 05 % / .
. U ; C0- 0 . & * + F Z & B1' 05 =' ] UCS
% /
%& 8 05 % * o - ' & % ] V % * & . %0 0 S ( 0 1' % ;
0 %& 05 % / )1 = ; ~ " ([ . V % ;
90 / 0 ' 05 ' .
B1' % AG* + Z & FG' =1- & { 1 0 0 % ;
1 ?1H & #
32 0 & 05 G + . 0 05 % /
05 . o - ' SH S Gˆ ;
(a) (b)
S < =! 3 ! )1 = ; ~ "
UCS-Vp
& , G ; ( 8 C F / ' Gˆ ; &
[ 1' 8 % % ;
S 5 ( 8 % 0 1' % ;
% ;
mG' & . U A 3 ! V ^& B1' (05 15 0 & 1 & . 0
.
% ' 8 ^&
; 8 { 1 .1 h$ 0
> & G (05 15 ;
* + S B1' 05 . 05 ^& v S % ' 8 ^& ' C 2 (% AG
.
S % AG* + S 5 5 1J 0 (… G "
8 C F 1* % ;
%&
%t 1 ; ' & v !0 X 1U & * % ;
.
@ 8 :
1 - ( A .
• (^& ' ( .
( ) 1380 .(
mG' V J )* 8 :
; 0 1' & % K =
<& 0 – )
; )* 8 8
(
w H V J & G )* 8 A' 5 .
_ 719 .
References:
1- Altindag R. (2012). Correlation between P-wave velocity and some mechanical properties for sedimentary rocks. The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Vol. 12, pp. 229-237.
2- Barton N. (2002). Some new Q-value correlations to assist in site characterization and tunnel design. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci., Vol. 39, pp. 185-216.
3- Bieniawski Z.T. (1989). Engineering rock mass classification. New York: Wiley.
4- Claussen C. B. (2000). Drill cuttings give useful information, http://www.sintef.com.
5- Gill D.E., Corthesy R., Leite M.H. (2005). Determining the minimal number of specimens for laboratory testing of rock properties. Engineering Geology, Vol. 78, pp. 29–51.
6- Gurocak Z, Alemdag S, Zaman M.M. (2008). Rock slope stability and excavatability assessment of rocks at the Kapikaya dam site, Turkey. Engineering Geology. Vol. 96, pp. 17-27.
7- Nes O.M., Horsrud P., Sonstebo E.F., Holt R.M., Ese A.M., Okland D., Kjorholt H. (1998). Rig-Site and laboratory use of CWT acoustic velocity measurements on cuttings, paper SPE 36854 presented at the 1996 SPE European Petroleum Conference, Milan, Italy.
8- Uboldi V., Civolani L., Zausa F. (1999). Rock strength measurements on cutting as input data for optimizing drill bit selection. SPE Annual Conference and Exhibition, Houston, Texas, October 3-6. SPE, ENI SpA 56441.
9- Zhang L, Cao P, Radha K.C. (2010). Evaluation of rock strength criteria for wellbore stability analysis.
Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., Vol. 47, pp. 1304-1316.
10- Ozkan I., O’zarslan A., Genis M., Ozsen H. (2009). Assessment of scale effects on uniaxial compressive strength in rock salt. Environmental & Engineering Geosciences, Vol. 15, pp. 91-100.
11- Yagiz S. (2011). P-wave velocity test for assessment of geotechnical properties of some rock materials.
Bulletin of Material Sciences, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 947-953.
12- Jech J., Babuska V., Pros Z. (1985). Quantitative correlation of velocity anisotropy with the distribution of microcracks in rocks. Kapicka, A., Kropacek, V., and Pros, Z. (eds.), Physical Properties of the Mineral System of the Earth’s Interior. Union Czech. Math. Phys., Prague, 1985. pp. 175–183.
13- Kahraman S. (2002). The effects of fracture roughness on P-wave velocity. Engineering Geology, Vol.
63, pp. 347–350.
14- Kahraman S. (2007). The correlations between the saturated and dry P-wave velocity of rocks.
Ultrasonics, Vol. 46, pp. 341–348.
15- Kopf M., Müller H.J., Gottesmann, B. (1985). Correlation between pyroxene content and Vp and Vs under high pressure. Kapicka, A., Kropacek, V., Pros, Z. (eds.). Physical properties of the mineral system of the Earth’s Interior. Union Czech. Math. Phys., Prague. pp. 168–172.
16- Singh T.N., Kripamoy, S. (2005). Geotechnical investigation of Amiyan landslide hazard zone in Himalayan region, Uttaranchal, India. Geotechnical Engineering for Disaster Mitigation and Rehabilitation.
17- Rodriguez-Sastre M.A., Calleja L. (2006). The determination of elastic modulus of slate from ultrasonic velocity measurements. IAEG 2006 paper number 775.
18- Tutunncu A.N., Myers M.T., Arasteh M.M. (2006). Use of cutting for real time attenuation predication.
Patent No. # US 7,040,169B2. May 9, 2006.
19- Budak P., Falkowicz S. (2006). Use of CWT acoustic velocity measurement on cutting for evaluation of pore pressure. International Symposium of the Society of Core Analysis, Trondheim, Norway, 12-16 Sep.
2006. SCA 2006-53.
