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A:Effective
Tile
B:Surface
Component
Tile
C:Surface
Tile
D:Dynamic
Column
Tile
E:Static
Column
Tile
II. LSS Interface
Grid Element Representation: Tile Class
Grid Mesh:
I.Atmospheric Interface
Precipitation Components
Atmospheric State Variables
Radiative Fluxes
III.Hydrological Model Interface
MODCOU
River Routing
Water Table
SAFRAN
Surface Runoff and Drainage
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Aug 1987
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Jul 1989
70
140
210
Total Precipitation (kg m−2)
Snow
Rain
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ABCDEFGHS J K LMMNgm l d kWwT I i
−10
10
30
50
70
90
Qh − Qle (W m−2)
ABCDEFGHS J K LMMNgm l d kWwT I i
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
ECanop−ESoil−TVeg−SubSnow (kg m−2)
ABCDEFGHS J K LMMNgm l d kWwT I i
0
10
20
30
40
SWE (kg m−2)
ABCDEFGHS J K LMMNgm l d kWwT I i
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Qs − Qsb (kg m−2)
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Rhone-AGG
Evapotranspiration (kg m-2 day-1)
3-Year Average
ISBA
NOAH
COLA
MOSES
ECMWF
NSIPP
VIC
MECMWF
SWAP
VISA
SPONSOR
CLASS
ORCHIDEE
SIBUC
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VIC_r
ORCHIDEE_r
CLASS_r
MOSES_r
SPONSOR_r
DWD
DWD_r
TECMWF
INM
INM_r
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
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2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
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Rhone-AGG
Surface Runoff (Qs: kg m-2 day-1)
3-Year Average
ISBA
NOAH
COLA
MOSES
ECMWF
NSIPP
VIC
MECMWF
SWAP
VISA
SPONSOR
CLASS
ORCHIDEE
SIBUC
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ORCHIDEE_r
CLASS_r
MOSES_r
SPONSOR_r
DWD
DWD_r
TECMWF
INM
INM_r
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
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Rhone-AGG
Drainage (Qsb: kg m-2 day-1)
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MOSES
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VIC
MECMWF
SWAP
VISA
SPONSOR
CLASS
ORCHIDEE
SIBUC
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VIC_r
ORCHIDEE_r
CLASS_r
MOSES_r
SPONSOR_r
DWD
DWD_r
TECMWF
INM
INM_r
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
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JK#LM2NPO4QRS#TUWVR$LXJYV[Z]\PY^K0RS#LN(M2_ S0`YMacb*Jdd*M2_eK#QRgfh&ikjmlDLnMoVR$dNnUJOK#`/S0RgK#QR
J`/K#`LY4JdpN0M2TdrqJK#RS9S0R$UsQ4JS#t2RvuwU$M2LnOxJS0R$VyK#MXz{|jmlo}>b~ *z{e\imffJYVlo ~ ml~|
qkQTUsQXVM=YMK;TZRZ<LMoVRS#JK#R*S0`YMagVR$NO4TK#R9K#QRkLM2NKN0Tt2YT4UJY1K OS#R$UTO4TK#JK#TM2YM2_K#QR
R$Y1K#TS0R(1RJSZi*+iQ4JNmK#QR(dMq R$NKmq9TY:K#R;S=V/SsJTY4Jt2RS#`YMaJN K#QR(NM2TdTNmVR$RORS7JYV
K#QRS0R$_MS#RmQ4JN9Jd!JS#t2R;SNK#MSsJt2R UJOxJU$TK?uwLMS#ReOMK#R$Y1K#T!JdS0R$UsQ4JS#t2R=J_!K#R;S*K0QR S0R$d!JK#T1R$d
V/S0N0`LLR;S;bJYVR$U$J`N0RgTK(Q4JN(K0QRWLM2NK(N0Tt2YT4UJY1KN0`/S0_JU$RWS#`YMaU$M2LnOM2YR$Y:K$Z
fz}Q4JNK#QR N0LMBMK#QR$NKM¡1RSsJddeS#`YMa¢S#R$NOM2YN0R£TKvTNXK#QR dRJNPKvS0R$NOM2YNT1R
K#MWOS0R$U$TO4TKsJK#TM2Y6R1R$Y1K#N$Zvj|ddM2_ K#QRf¤hri9jml8NUQRLR$N7N0TL`dJK#R(K0QRd!JS#t2RNK=S#`YMaTY
NOS#TYtb¤JdK#QM2`t2Q6q9TK#Q>VTaRS#R$YU$RN(TY£LJt2YTK#`VRJYV>OxJS0K#TK#TM2YTYtZg\P|} S#RS0`YJYV
\l/¥j¦Q4J1RN0TLnTd!JS9S#`YMa6§4`o¨R$NbpJdK#QM2`t2Q\l/¥j©Q4JNmJXN0dTt2QdWd!JS#t2RS N`/S#_JU$RS#`YMa
SsJK#TMZ
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K#QRªd!JS#t2RS*N0YM¡qkLR$dKkN0TL`dJK#R$VvB\l/¥j7Z
QR|xJN0TYo«q9TVR5¬«1RJSkJ¡1RS#Jt2R|LM2Y:K0QdXN0`/S0_JU$RªRYRS#tX4`Vt2RK*U$M2LnOM2YR$Y1K#N*JS#R
N0QM¡q9Y£TY6<TtZc¬/Z®/Z
QRXkYRKJLM2YtgK#QRXfh&ikjmlALMoVR$dN=TN5LM2NK7N0TLTdJS5RKqR$R$Y
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QR=iki±hllgQ4JN|J
YR$t1JK#T1R 9YRK*TYqkTY1K#RSb/qkTK#QK#QR d!JK0R$Y:K*QRJK§4`o¨vR$YR;S#tXR$TYt(LnM2NK#d(OS#M¡/TVRVy:
JK#LM2NPO4QRS#TUQRJKZ\l/¥j±Q4JNªK#QR(d!JS#t2RNKªORJ² N0R$YN0T4dRQR$JK5§4`o¨RN5TY K#QRnN`LLRSb
qkQTUsQ?TNeS#R$dJK#R$V-K#MK#QR7qJK#R;S«³dTLTK#R$VgRJOMKSsJYNO4TS#JK#TM2YuJNeOS#R;/TM2`NdgVTN0U$`N0NR$Vx;Z
j|ddrM2_<K#QR=fh&ikjml:«³hlloNmQ4J1RJYJOOS#M¨TLXJK#R$dy°RS#MYRK tS#M2`YV-QRJK|§4`o¨gM1R;S|K#QR
¬«´1R$JS(TY:K0R$tSsJK#TM2YR;¨/U$ROK(_MS\P|}><tS#M2`YVQRJK§4`o¨TN7OM2N0TK#T1R_MS(JddLM2Y1K#QNM2_
1RJS4`/K*M2YRboqkQTUsQvTN*J=4TKN`/S0OS#TNTYtn_MS*J=K#Q/S0R$R;«´1R$JS*ORS#TMoV?uJNTKTN K#QR|M2Ydhcll
K#M(N0TL`d!JK0R K0QTNR$Q4J/TMS;b4`/K9YMK0RªK#Q4JK*K#QRmR$YRS#tvxJd!JYU$RªTN*LXJTY1KsJTYR$V[Z
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Water Budget Components
3-Year Monthly Average
Evap
Qs
Qsb
0
1
2
3
Fluxes (kg m-2 d-1)
ISBA
0
1
2
3
Fluxes (kg m-2 d-1)
NOAH
0
1
2
3
Fluxes (kg m-2 d-1)
COLA
0
1
2
3
Fluxes (kg m-2 d-1)
MOSES
0
1
2
3
Fluxes (kg m-2 d-1)
ECMWF
Sep Dec Mar Jun
NSIPP
VIC
MECMWF
SWAP
VISA
Sep Dec Mar Jun
SPONSOR
CLASS
ORCHIDEE
SIBUC
CHASM
Sep Dec Mar Jun
VIC_r
ORCHIDEE_r
CLASS_r
MOSES_r
SPONSOR_r
Sep Dec Mar Jun
DWD
DWD_r
TECMWF
INM
INM_r
Sep Dec Mar Jun
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Energy Budget Components
3-Year Monthly Average
Rnet
Qg
Qh
Qle
0
40
80
120
160
Fluxes (W m-2)
ISBA
0
40
80
120
160
Fluxes (W m-2)
NOAH
0
40
80
120
160
Fluxes (W m-2)
COLA
0
40
80
120
160
Fluxes (W m-2)
MOSES
0
40
80
120
160
Fluxes (W m-2)
ECMWF
Sep Dec Mar Jun
NSIPP
VIC
MECMWF
SWAP
VISA
Sep Dec Mar Jun
SPONSOR
CLASS
ORCHIDEE
SIBUC
CHASM
Sep Dec Mar Jun
VIC_r
ORCHIDEE_r
CLASS_r
MOSES_r
SPONSOR_r
Sep Dec Mar Jun
DWD
DWD_r
TECMWF
INM
INM_r
Sep Dec Mar Jun
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Rhone-AGG
Soil Wetness (SWI: -)
3-Year Average
ISBA
NOAH
COLA
MOSES
ECMWF
NSIPP
VIC
MECMWF
SWAP
VISA
SPONSOR
CLASS
ORCHIDEE
SIBUC
CHASM
VIC_r
ORCHIDEE_r
CLASS_r
MOSES_r
SPONSOR_r
DWD
DWD_r
TECMWF
INM
INM_r
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
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STHUWVYXZR[]\_^`ZRa-Xb]UWcNTedRU3U+^`fLU3X7dgX-hLU(d1XiUWjkX[lblfnmPoqpr[]ZsZRTHtur\v[]\xwy[liHz|{ez zsm_t[]buX7cRU(d