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Pressurized Irrigation Dealing with Water and Energy Efficiencies

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(1)

RESEARCH GROUP

HIDRAULIC FOR IRRIGATION

LEONOR RODRÍGUEZ SINOBAS

(2)

Introduction

Highlights

Automation on operation, control and management

Irrigation efficiency

Water saving

Challenges

Design, management and operation of collective

(3)

INTRODUCTION

High Water Use

Low Energy Consumption

Low level of Technology

(4)

PRESSURIZED IRRIGATION METHODS

Less Water Use

(5)

Automation on operation, control and management

Pumps, filters…

frequency speed drives

Electrical-hydraulic valves

Flow meters

Pressure transducers

Remote controllers

Technology development

(6)

Collective pressurized water networks

Management of irrigation networks

On demand irrigation

In turns irrigation

Automation on operation, control and management

HIGHLIGHTS

Irrigators file water orders

at their Water Users

(7)

Andalucian Irrigation Systems

Source: Inventario de regadíos 2008.

IRRIGATION

METHOD

Efficiency

(%)

Surface

72.5

Sprinkler

85

Drip

92.5

HIGHLIGHTS

(8)

Modernization of irrigation systems

Open-channel systems change to

Pressurized pipe systems

(9)

Objectives for transforming traditional

irrigation systems

Water savings: competitiveness for diferent

water uses, environmental sustainability

Increase water productivity

Increase agriculture competitiveness

(10)

Spain

Area: 2 000 000 ha

Cost: 7 400 M €

(80 % paid by Public Administrations)

Water savings : 1 132 hm

3

/year

(Source: MARM, 2002; MARM, 2006)

Water used for irrigation:

80 % before modernization

65 % after modernization

Example of modernization

(11)

HIGHLIGHTS

(12)

HIGHLIGHTS

EXPERIENCES IN WATER USER ASSOCIATIONS FROM

THE EBRO BASIN (SPAIN)

Why this variability?

irrigation systems?

(flexibility, capability)

Irrigators ?

(13)

Water and energy in Andalucian irrigation systems

(year 2008)

Irrigation method

Average water

use

(m

3

/ha)

Energy

consumption

(kW h/ m

3

)

Energy

consumption

(kW h /ha)

Surface

5500

0.06

328

Sprinkler

5000

0.34

1723

Drip

2500

0.51

1264

Source: Corominas 2009.

(14)

IRRIGATION

METHOD

Before 2009

2009

2010

ha

%

ha

%

ha

%

Surface

1 973 336

59

1 064 248

31.1

1 043 704

30.6

Sprinkler

802 712

24

765 440

22.4

735 544

21.6

Drip

568 588

17

1 591 616

46.5

1 628 705

47.8

Total

3 344 636

100

3 421 304

100

3 407 953

100

Source: PNR 2001, irrigated areas and crop yield survey .

Reduction of 14 000 ha

SPAIN

(15)

High energy consumption > 600 GWh /year

High power requirement > 500 MW/year

HIGHLIGHTS

(16)

Evolution of Spanish farmers revenue (1190-2009)

Source: Anuario Estadística , MMARM .

(17)

WHAT’S UP WITH ENERGY?

HIGHLIGHTS

Source:Iberdrolal Generación SAU.

CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY IN SPAIN

70 % from May to Setember

(18)

HIGHLIGHTS

Electrical tariffs are different during the day, they are grouped

on: peak, medium, low.

The power requirements hired at the electrical company is

high.

(19)

Regional Energy Agencies develop

AUDITS

(

http://www.idae.es/index.php/mod.pags/mem.detalle/relcatego

ria.1034/id.93/relmenu.55)

for the improvement of the energy efficiency in irrigated areas

HIGHLIGHTS

Energy Efficiency

regards with the reduction in energy

consumption while

Economical Efficiency

regards with the lowest

energy cost for the same energy consumption

Energy Efficiency

might improve by enhancing the design,

operation and management of the irrigation systems network

(20)

HIGHLIGHTS

Assess the energy efficiency in WUA (adequacy in the

design of the pumping system components and their

management)

Give a grade to the WUE assessing its energy efficiency

Propose measures to reduce the energy consumption

and, therefore, the operation cost

(21)

Develop criteria for a proper design, operation and

regulation of pumps in pumping station taking into

consideration energy efficiency.

CHALLENGES

Optimization of the design, operation and regulation of

pumping systems

(22)

CHALLENGES

Proper operation, regulation and maintenance of hydraulic

valves

Source: Sánchez (2012).

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

h

2

(m

)

h

1

(m)

h

20

h

2F

h

2

h

1

=

h

2

h

1

decreasing

h

1

increasing

F

r

L

= 0

F

r

P

= 0

1: immediately upstream

from PRV

2: immediately downstream

from PRV

a

d

R

G

E

C

H

H

1

(23)

Optimal operation of collective irrigation water

networks

Several user friendly computer models analyzing

hydraulic networks:most commonly used for irrigation

networks are: EPANET (Rossman, 2001), COPAM

(Lamaddalena), and Sagardoy, 2000), and GESTAR

(Aliod et al., 1997).

The calibrated hydraulic model can be used to provide

information about the hydraulic behaviour of the

network for each possible loading condition (scenario),

and can be a useful tool for solving network

management problems.

(24)

CHALLENGES

MANAGEMENT OF PRESSURIZED IRRIGATION NETWORKS

Water orders allocated and executed for optimizing water

productivity and energy cost: genetic algorithms, dynamic

calculation

Optimum sectoring depending on the network topology and

monthly water demand. Number and arrangement of operating

sectors would be different during the irrigation season according

to water demand variability.

Accurate estimation of crop water demands and irrigation

practices

(25)

Optimize the Design, operation and

management of irrigation systems in plot

high effect on the performance of the

irrigation systems in plot of the pressure

variations at hydrant level (Daccache et al.

(2010).

(26)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

Q

(m

3

/s

)

[r

ed

li

n

es

]

H

(m

)

[b

lu

e

lin

es

]

Time (0-24)

July

C

o

n

ti

n

o

u

s

lin

e:

m

o

n

th

ly

av

er

ag

e

D

as

h

ed

li

n

es

: m

o

n

th

ly

av

er

ag

e

±

std

.d

ev

.

Simulation of different global (cropping

patterns, irrigation operation,...) strategies

performance on energy balance in irrigated

districts.

Determination of key factors for improving

energy balance

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 5,5 6 6,5 7 7,5 8 8,5 9 9,5 1010,5 1111,5 12 12,513 13,514 14,5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

24 hour period simulation of on-demand hydrants operation

(blue=open).

Source:Sánchez et al. 2012.

24 hour period simulation of operation for

on-demand hydrants (blue=open).

(27)

CHALLENGES

MANAGEMENT OF PRESSURIZED IRRIGATION NETWORKS

Determine the energy efficiency of pumping stations (Methodology

developed by Abadía et al. 2008)

(28)

CHALLENGUES

Use of renewable energy sources:

solar panels

(29)
(30)

Referencias

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