THE
GENUS
JUNIPERUS
(CUPRESSACEAE) IN MEXICO AND
GUATEMALA: SYNONYMY,
KEY, AND DISTRIBUTfONS OF THE TAXA
T. A. Zanoni y R. P. Adams1
INTRODUCTION
The junipers of continental North America extend southward into México and Guatemala, the southermost localities heing in the mountains of western Gu~temala. These species have been crilically examined by only one botanist, Maximino Martínez (1944, 1946). The earliest reports of the presence of the genus in México may be those in the 1539 log of the Spanish navigator Ulloa (Eisen, 1901). The earliest report in botanical literature of J uniperus from México occurred almost three hundred years later. Sprengel (1826) puhlished the name f. mexicana for a plant previously described as Cupressus sabinoides H.B.K. Kunth (Humboldt, Bonpland, and Kunth, 1817) had mistaken the juniper for a cypress, as he had done with another juniper which he called C. thurUera H.B.K.
Standley (1920) presented the first evaluation of the Mexican junipers in this century. Four species were recognized on the basis of an examination of the herharium specimens at the United States National Museum (US). Botanists have used this work as a standard reference. Johnston (1943) noted the presence of four additional species in Mexico. In 1943, Standley and Steyermark published a previously undescribed species from Mexico and Guatemala. A total of nine species were known from México, and one from· Guatemala by 1944.
Martinez (letters dated 1942 to 1946 from M. Martínez to C. V. Morton, United States N ational Museum) had begun work on the Mexican junipers by 1942. Mu ch of his early work was concerned with nomenclatura! problems of the Mexican species. Trips were made to the type localities of the previously described species to collect specimens. Martínez frequentlv corresponded with C. V. Morton to discuss nomenclatura! problems and to have specimens compared to those from the Unites States. Foresters and others sent specimens to Martínez for study (letter dated September 25, 1973 from Rogers McVaugh, Universitv ofMichigan). Martínez examined over two thousand specimens and herbarium sheets in his studies.
1 D1·par!rt11•nl of Bolall\ and P!anl Patholoµ.\. Colorado Stalc l'ni\T·rsi1~·- Fo~I Collins. Colorado 80523
USA. .
83
Boletín de la Sociedad Botánica de México38: 83-121, 1979 DOI: 10.17129/botsci.1171
________________________
BOLETIN DE LA SOCIEDAD BOTANICA DE MEXICO No. 38, 1979
The taxonomic treatment of the Mexican junipers appeared in two later publications (Martínez, 1953, 1963), each was altered by Martínez as new localities were found. The classification itself remained unchanged.
Three papers concerning the Middle American junipers have appeared sin ce 1946. Hall (1954) reviewed the nomenclature of ]uniperus ashei Buchholz and reaffirmed the citation by Johnston (1943) that ü. e species was in México. Martínez (1946) rejected Johnston's identification of the specimens and decided that there was no evidence of the species in México. Standley and St. :yermark (1958) documented the presence of two species in Guatemala, which also occur in México. f. saltillensi,s was published as a new species in México by Hall (1971).
The number of species accepted to be present in México was 14; two species were known from Guatemala. Species listed here for México are 16, with 3 of the same species in Guatemala.
The work reported here was begun in 1971. Reinvestigation of the Mexican and Guatemalan laxa was undertaken to evaluate the similarities of those taxa and to begin studies for the comparison of the junipers in the adjacent areas of the United States of America. Our earlier work concerning the morphological analyses (Zanoni and Adams, 1975) and chemical analyses of the volatile leaf terpenoids (Zanoni and Adams, 1976) has already been published. A review of the synoymy of ali laxa of the genus} uniperus section Sabina in North America will appear soon (Zanoni, 1976).
The distribution records reported here were derived from the examiriation of about 3000 specimens from many herbaria (A, ARIZ, BH, CAS, CS, DS, ENCB, F, FPF, CH, HAL, MEXU, MICH, MO, MSC, NA, NY, OKL, PH, POM, RSA, SMU:TENN, TEX, UC, US, and Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestal, México). We have traveled over 30 000 miles in México and Guatemala and have observed ali of the taxa in their natural habitats.
Common names of junipers in México and Guatemala include cedro, enebro. and sabino of Spanish origin. Severa] common names are of indigenous origin. The application of common names in México and Guatemala cuis across the lines of botanical species, for the most part. Common names listed here have been taken from our field experience, from labels of herbarium specimens, and from numerous literature sources (Bennett and Zingg, 1935; Berlin, Breedlove, and Raven, 1974; Laughlin, 1975; Little, 1953; Martínez, 1946, 1959; Miranda, 1950; Pennington, 1963; Standley and Steyermark, 1958; Sudworth, 1927). W e have indicated by underscoring the English common names that are preferred.
JUNIPERUS L.
Aromatic (terpenoid resins) evergreen shrubs to trees, dioecious, occasionally monoecious in succeeding years ior ofien monoecious in]. osteosperma (Torr.) Littlel. Rapidly growing branches (terminal whips) often slender with long, ternate whip leaves; leaves on lateral branches scale-like, 1-2 mm. long ior awl-shapedl, opposite or ternate.
THE GENUSJUNIPERUS IN MEXICO AND GUATEMALA
Staminate eones oblong, 5-6 mm. long, of (6--) 8-14 opposite ior ternateJ peltate scales each with 0--5 pollen sacs. Ovulate (female) eones globose or gibbous, formed by enlargement and fusion of 2 to 12 scales, soft and lleshy or fibrous, forming a berry-like fruit (galbulus). Ovules 1 (or 2) per ovuliferous scale, with hard seed coat; 1 to 13 seeds per cone. Seeds germinate within cone or when separated from cone by birds or mammals. About 60 species mostly in the Northern Hemisphere including about 22 in North America (Zanoni, 1976).
Ali North American species (except
J.
horizontalis Moench.) h"ve the arborescent habit, although the shrubby habit may be more common in sorne species. Variation in foliage color resulting from glaucous leaves is common. Sharp, divergen! needle-like juvenile leaves occur in ali species, and may persist on mature trees especially if diseades or grazed. Normal ovulate eones have seeds included in the cone; the teratological condition of exerted seeds can .be expected in any species. The glaucous bloom on the cone may cause the cone to appear pink or blue; the color of the cone without the bloom may differ. Color of the cone used in the following key is the color of the cone surface with the bloom removed, unless specified. Only specimens with mature ovulate (female) eones (usually in winter or spring) can be identilied correctly. A 20x or 30x lens should be used to examine leaf margins. Technical terms of branches used in identification are illustrated in Fig. 1. Close observation of stem bark is importan! in identification.KEY TO THE TAXA OF J
UNIPER
US
IN MEXICO AND GUATEMALAA. Mature female eones (8-)10-20 mm. diameter, light reddish-brown to· dark reddish-brown, hard, somewhat fibrous; eones do not shrink and do not wrinkle on
drying.
B Seeds (4-)6--13 per cone; terminal whip branches llaccid and ¡iendulous; ultimate twig_s distichous; angle of branching of ultimate ltwig 25-30 degrees; whip and scale leaf margins irregularly toothed, appear almost en tire (using 30x lens).
C.
Scale leaves on ultimate twigs acule and sharp, scale leaf tips divergen!; mature female cone usually showing suture lines from fusion of cone-scales . . . ... .J.
jlaccida var. 1poblanaC.
Scale leaves on ultimate twigs obtuse, scale leaf tips appressed; mature female eones usually smooth (or with horn-like protub.erances from the enlarged cone-scale tips) . . .J.
jlaccida var. }lace ida.
BOLETIN DE LA SOCIEDAD BOTANICA
DE MEXICO No.
38, 1979B. Seeds 1-4(-7) per cone; terminal whip branches ascending or erect (except in
J.
d1'pp!!ana var. d!!pp!!ana f. sparyi); ultimate twigs not distichous; angle of branching of ultimate twig 35-SO degrees; whip and scale leaf margins finely toothed (using 30x lens).D. Seeds 1-2 per cone; often bilobed, broadly triangular; scale leaves usually ternate, broadly ovate, acuminate, with obtuse tips; terminal whip branches ascending to erect; stem bark of long, interconnected strips; arborescent shrubs branching at or above base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . J. rnli/ornica D. Seeds 1-4(--6) per cone; broadly triangular and smooth, or angular; scale leaves opposite on ultimate twigs with acute or obtuse tips; terminal whip branches ascending or erect (except llaccid and pendulous in J. deppNtna var. d!!ppeana f. spt'rrri).
E. Terminal whip branches flaccid and pendulous; stem bark longitudinally·, furrowed into long, interconnected strips ....
. . . .J.
d!!ppeana var. deppl!([na f. spl'rrriE. Terminal whip branches ascending to erect; stem bark in quadrangular plates or in longitudinal strips (occasionally interconnected).
F. Stem bark of longitudinal strips (occasionally interconnected ..
. . . .
.
. . . .
. .
.
.
.
....
J.
d!!ppNma var. patonianaF. Stem bark of square or oblong quadrangular plates.
G. Mature female eones larger 13-20 mm. diameter;·seeds 1-4(-7) per cone; heavy bloom on cone surface causes cone to appear white; shrub or short tree (to 8 m.) .. . J. deppeana var. zacatecensis G. Mature female eones 8-15 mm. diameter; light bloom on cone
surface; arborescent shrub to tall tree (to 24 m.).
H. Seeds (1-)2-4(--6) per cone, irregular and angular, 6-7 mm. long, 4--6 mm. wide; arborescent with weak central axis, often branching above base . . . . . . . . .}. deppeana var:. deppeana H. Seeds (1-)2-3(--6) per cone, ovoid or oblong, 7-10 mm. long,
6-8 mm. wide; trees (to 25 m.) with strong central axis ..
. . . .
.
. . .
.J.
deppeana var. robustaTHE
GENUSJUNIPERUS IN MEXICO AND GUATEMALA
A. Mature female eones to 9(-10) mm. diameter; cone pulp soft and fleshy; eones often wrinkled when dried; cone color orange, red, reddish-brown, bronze, dark blue, or bluish-black.
l. Whip and scale leaves with entire leaf margins (using 30x lens).
J.
Mature female eones 2(-3)-seeded, dark bluish-black; eones irregular and usuaily bilobed; seed tips divergent in cone; stem bark furrowed into narrow, longitudinal, interconnected strips, tightly appressed to stem ..... ]. blancoiJ.
Mature female eones l(-2)·seeded, dark bluish-black; eones globose to broadly ovate, usually not lobed; stem bark furrowed into broad, longitudinal,often interconnected strips, loosely attached, often peeling from stem . . . . .. .
.
.
. . . .
.
. .
.
. . . .
. .
. . .
.
. . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
. . . .J.
scopuloruml. Whip and scale leaves with finely·toothed or denticulate leaf margins (using 30x lens).
K. Seeds (1-)2-lÍper cone.
L. Mature female eones reddish-brown to .hroW'fl, with a light coat of bloom; cone
peduncles straight.
M. Mature female eones irregular and gibbous; seeds (2-) 4-9(-11) per cone; terminal whip branches strict; foliage very loosely spaced; scale leaves do not appear as a string-of-beads on the ultimate twig . . . . .]. jaliscana
M. Mature female eones globose; seeds 1-4 per cone; terminal whip branches erect to strict, recurved at tip; foliage tightly-spaced; scale leaves appear as a string-of-beads on the ultimate twig ..
.J.
durangensisBOLETIN DE LA SOCIEDAD BOTANICA DE MEXICO No. 38, 1979
L. Mature female eones dark blue to bluish-black, with light coa! of bloom, globose; seeds (2-)3-7(-9) per cone; cone peduncles usually cu1ved; terminal whip branches spreading to ascending, sometimes recurved al tip.
N. Mature ultimate twigs
5-10
mm. long; angle of branching of ultimate twig50-60
degrees; foliage very dense and tightly compacted; prostrate shrubs (less than 1 m.); alpine habita! ... .. . . ... . . . . . . J. monticola [ compactaN. Mature ultimate twigs
10-40
mm. long; angle of branching of ultimate twig40-60
degrees; foliage loose, not tightly compacted; low shrub to tree (to10
m.).O. Mature ultimate twigs
10-15(-20)
mm. long; angle of branching of ultimate twig40-50
degrees; foliage not tightly compacted; spreading, tortuous-stemmed shrub to iree (to10
m.).. ... }. monticola f. monticola
O. Mature ultimate twigs
20-40
mm. long; angle of branching of ultimate twig55
-60
degrees; foliage not tightly compacted; shrubs (to1.5
m.,... . J. montil'ola f. orizabensis
K. Seeds 1-2 per cone.
P. Mature female eones orange, reddish-orange, red, bronze, or reddish· brown, appearing pink or rose-color if covered with bloom.
Q.
Stem bark of quadrangular plates; eones reddish-brown; terminal whip branch tips straight, not curved; seeds subglobose or broadly ovoid . . . . . . . . . . . .J. gamboanaTHE
GENUS JUNIPERUS
IN MEXICO AND
GUATEMALA
Q.
Stem bark of longitudinal strips, often interconnected; eones orange to reddish-brown or bronze-color; seed ovoid.R. Mature female eones orange to red, with light bloom appearing pink or rose-colored; whip leaf ventral side white-glaucous ... ... . . . . _ ... J. erythrocarpa
R. Mature female eones bronze to reddish-brown, with no bloom; whip leaf ventral side not white-glaucous ... . . ...
.l
.
pinchotiiP. Mature female cone dark blue to dark bluish-black, with a light to. heavy coat of bloom appearing light blue.
S. Terminal whip branches straight, not recurved at tips; foliage slender; whip leaf glands not protruding like bead on dorsal surface of leaf.
T. Ultimate twigs 1 mm. diameter, very slender; stem bark of fibrous-~agged, longitudinal strips; mature female eones globose, 5-8 mm. diameter; seeds 4-6 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide; strong central axis, usually single-stemmed tree (to 10 m.), with a globose or broad-conic crown; foliage with faint odor of aromatic (te'rpenoid) compounds .... .. .
J.
comitanaT. Ultimate twigs 1-2 mm. diameter, slender; stem bark of longitudinal strips; mature female eones 5-7 mm. diameter;
seeds globose to ovoid, 5-6 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide; shrubs branched at base or short trees (to 10 m.) with horizontally-broaded crowns; foliage with strong odor of aromatic (terpenoid) compounds .... ..
.J.
monosperma var. gracilisS. Terminal whip branches recurved at tips; foliage coarse; whip leaf gland protruding like bead
cm
leaf.·U. Scale leaf gland protruding like a bead,. dark brownish-green on dark grayish-brownish-green mature leaf; angle of branching of ultimate twig 25-40 degrees; scale leaves on ultimate twig do not appear as a strihg-of-beads . .]. ashei
BOLETIN DE LA SOCIEDAD BOTANICA DE MEXICO No. 38, 1979
U. Scale leaf gland protruding like a bead, same color as light gray-green mature leaf; twig bark grayish brown, smooth; angle of branching of ultimate twig about 60 degrees; scale leaves on ultimate twig appear as a string-of-beads . . . }. saltillensis
l. ]uniperus ashei Buchh., cedro, ashe juniper, mountain cedar, rock cedar, Mexican cedar.
}uniperus ash1t'i Buchholz, Bot.
Caz.
9:329. 1930. Type: United States: Arkansas: Stone County: Sylamore, W. W. Ashe 22520 (lectoOp1': NCU!, selected by Hall, 1954).J.
OPetdentalis var. Texana Vasey, Rep. !U.S.j Commiss. Agric. 1875:185. 1876. Tvpe: Not designated by Vasey. nomen nudum.J.
occidentalis var? conjun[(enS Engelmann, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 3:590. 1877. Tvpe: United States: Texas: (locality unknown), B1'rlandier 671 (HoloHpe: MO; Isotype: US!).J.
sabinoides (H.B.K.) Nees sensu Sargent, Silva N. Amer. 10:91. 1897; 11011J.
sabinoidPs .(H.B.K.) Nees, Linnaea 19:706. 1847; Sabina sahi11oid1•s (H.B.K.)Small, Fl. Southeastern U.S. 33, 1326. 1903.
Large shrub to smail tree to about 6 m. high, usually multi-stemmed at base as a shrub, with a globular or irregular crown; bark thin, light ashy-gray, long shreddv strips; branches spreading to erect, terminal whips, often recurved at tips, twig bark reddish-gray, peeling; angle of branching of ultimate twig 25-40 degrees; scale leaves opposite or ternate, triangular ovale, acule, appressed, 1-2 mm. long, margins finelv toothed, older scale leaves often with oval resin gland protruding like bead on dorsal surface, brownish-red gland on gray-green leaves; female eones globose to ovoid, with soft, juicy resinous pulp, 7-8.5 mm. long,
6-
7.5 mm. wide, dark bluish-black, with white bloom appearing light blue; seeds 1(-2) per cone, ovale, acuminate,5-6
mm. long., 3-5mm. wide, light brown to dark brown with shallow grooves; hilum ivory, onc-third length of seed.This species had been frequentlv called
J.
nwrirnna Sprengel bv various authors (e.g. Hopkins, 1938). The nameJ.
1111'.rirnna had been erroneouslv applied toJ.
11shl'i and many other sw. United States and Mexican species. Distrihution: In rockv soil in canyons, ravines, arroyos, and eroded areas to 1800 m. clerntion, in s. Missouri, n. Arkansas, e. Oklahoma, and the E·dwards Plateau ofTexas, U.S.A.; nw. Coahuila. Mr .. rirn (Fig. 2).Spel'imen s Era m in 1·1Í:
THE GENUSJUNJPERUS IN MEXICO AND GUATEMALA
Mueller 284 (ARIZ, GH, MEXU, MO, MSC, NY); Puerto Santana in Sierra Santa Rosa, Mpio. Muzquiz, Latorre 143 (ENCB, TEX); Las Pilas, Mpio. Muzquiz, Morales in 1963 (ENCB, MEXU); Rancho Agua Dulce in Sierra de San Manuel, Mpio. Muzquiz, Wrnd & , Mueller 360 (ARIZ, GH, MO, NY); Potrero de la Mula, NW of Ocampo, ]ohnston 9195 (MEXU); 1 km. W of Rancho Lagunita, Mpio. Zaragosa, Riskind
&
Pallt'rson 1893 (CS), Riskind&
Patterson 1894 (CS); La Cuesta, S of Sierra del Carmen, 28'-'43'N x 102''30'W, Adams 1092 (CS).2. ]uniperus Manl'oi Mari., táscate, Blanco juniper.
funiperus blanrni Martínez, Anal. Inst. Biol. México 17: 73, 74. 1946.
T1pe: México: Durango: Arrovo de Peñuelas, El Salto, C. E. Blanrn A-500
(Holonpt·: MEXU!).
(Sl\rub to) tree (to 15 rn.), main trunk branching severa! meters above the base, crown very irregular; Úunk bark thin (to 5 mm.), brown, of tightlv appressed, interconnt>cted, longit1idinal strips; terminal whip branches spreading to ascending, branch tips .straight, bark dark grav-brown; angle uf branching of ultimate twig 35-4,5 degrees; scale leaves mostly opposite, oval or subelliptic, acuminate with acule to obtuse, appressed tips,
-1.5-2.0 mm. long, margin entire, dark vellowish·green to green, with a linear resin gland near the center of the leaf; female eones with sofí, fleshv pulp, irregular to bilobed. enlarged transversaUv, dark bluish black, with a light coat uf bloom. 5-7 (-9) mm. diameter, 3-6 mm. long, peduncle straight; seeds 2 (rarely 3, 4 or 5), irregular to subpyramidal, grooved, 2-5 mm, long. 3-4 mm. wide, brown; hilum about one-half lcnght uf seed.
This species is rare in occurrence in México. Obscrvations b\' D. Reves V. (Compañia Maderera de Durango, El Salto, Durango) indicated that it is localh common in the vicinitv uf El Salto, Durango. Martínez (1946) considered 'this species to be allied to J. jali.H"ana in his subsection Jaliscanae. Zanoni and Adams (1975. 1976) ha,·e shown that this is an unnatural alliance, and that
J.
hla11('()i is related to./. S('()/Jldorum. Distril111tion:At the bottoms uf arrovos. along stream beds in the pine-oak-juniper forest ofDurango. at 2600-2900 m. elevation. and at lower elerntions in ne. Sonora: near El Salvador. state uf México .. vfr.ri('() (Fig. 3).
Speá1111·11s l~'xaminl'il:
México: Durango: Arrorn de Peñuclas. Mpio. El Salto .. \furtí111·:: 10527 (A, BH. DS. F, MEXU. MO, RSA, UC): Arrorn San Antonio, Mpio. El Salto. Zanoni 2766 (CS); Arro\'O de las Adjuntas. Mpio. El Salto. Zu11oni 2771 (CS).
BOLETIN DE LA SOCIEDAD BOTANICA DE MEXICO No. 38, 1979
Sonora: Cañon de Bavispe, White 3112 (ARIZ, MICH); Rancho de la Nacha, White
4093 (ARIZ, MICH). México: 0.5 km. N of El Salvador on road to Carmona, Adams 1486 (CS).
3. }uniperus cali(ornirn Carr., cedro, California juniper, Cedros lsland juniper,
Cedar Island juniper, desert white cedar, sweet-berried juniper, white cedar.
}uniperus rnli/ornica Carriere, Rev. Hort, ser. IV, 3:352. 1854. Tipe: United
States: California: (locality?), M. Boursfrr s.11. (Holotipe: P); Sabina rnli/orni-rn (Carr.) Antoine, Cuppress. Gatt. 52. 1857.
J.
prri/ármis Lindley, Gard. Ch ron. (23 June 1955): 420. 1855. Ti pe: U nitedStates: California: San Bernardino Mountains, W. Lohh.
J.
cerrosianus Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2:37. 1859. T1pe: México: BajaCalifornia: Cedros Island, Vmtf'h s.11. (Holot1p1·: A!);
J.
1nlrosia11a Kellogg, Hesperian 4:3,4. 1860. T1p1•: México: Baja California: Cedros lsland, Vi·at1·h s.n. (Holot_1pe: probably same as forJ.
n·rrosianus, see Zanoni and Adams, 1973).J.
o,.,.iifrntalis W.J.
Hooker sensu Parlatore in DC, Prodromus 16(2): 489, 490.1868.
J.
rnli/árnim var. siskinJ111•11.ús L. F. Henderson, from Oregon is probablvJ.
0C!'ÚÍ1'11talis.
Tal! shrubs (to 4 m., rarel_v tree to 10 m.) branching jusi above base, branches ascending or spreading, forming an open, rounded or lobular crown; stem usuallv deeplv fluted, bark ashy gray, divided into large plates; terminal whip branches ascending to erect, branch tips straight, with smooth, scalcv, ashv-brown bark; angle of branching of ultimate twig 45--60 (-70) degrees; scale leaves mostly ternate, (ultimate twig appears terete in cross-section) broadly ovale, acuminate with obtusc, appressed tips. 1.5-2 mm. long, margins finelv toothed, with a resin gland on the center of the leaf, vellowish-green to green; female eones with drv, somewhat fibrous pulp, globose to pvriform, medium to dark reddish-brown, with bloom appearing light blue, 10-18 mm. diameter, the cone surface is membranous and peels off eones after maturity; seeds 1-2, broadly _ovoid, light brown, few orno grooves; hilum about two-rhirds length of secd. lan.
Distril111ti1111: On drv mountain slopes in the Sierra Juarez. Sierra San Pedro Martir, Sierra San Borja, and Sierra de Calamujut' _,.San Luis, and in adjacenl desert fringes al 270-1200 m. elevation in n. Baja California, also Isla de Cedros and Isla de Guadalupe. Mbirn; California, s. Nevada, and w. Arizona, U.S.A. (Fig. 7).
THE GENUSJUNIPERUSIN MEXICO AND GUATEMALA
Specimens: (see Zanoni and Adams, 1973, for citation of specimens from México).
4. ]uniperus comitana Mart., cedro; cipres; sicop (Baja Verapaz, Guatemala); bac'il
nuhkupat (Tzeltal at Tenejapa, Chiapas); Comitan ]uniper.
]uniperus l'Omitana Martínez, Anal. Inst. Biol. México 15:12, 13. 1944. T1pl': México:
Chiapas: 12 km. S. ofComitan, Martínez 6700 (Ho"/01_1pe: MEXU!).
Tree (to
10
m.), single-stemmed, branching several meters above the base, crownrounded or broadly conic; bark about 5 mm. thick, light ashy·brown, of ragged, longitudinal strips; terminal whip branches ascending to erect, branch tips straight, reddish-brown with scaley bark; angle of branching of ultimate twig 35-45 degrees; scale
leaves mostly opposite, ovale, with acuminate, appressed tips, ll.5-2 mm. long, margin
finely toothed, green; foliage very slender (ultimate twig diameter less than 1 mm.), with
very weak odor from unusuallv low content of aromatic (terpenoid) compounds.
Distribuiion: On limestone hills, in pine-oak forests, and in Ficus-Acacia forests in the mountains of Chiapas, Mh:if"O. On dry rockv hills in the pine-oak forests of Depto. Baja
Verapaz, in the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes of Depto. Huehuetenango, and on drv, dolomitic slopes and bluffs of Depto. Zacapa, Guatemala, at
i300-2300
m. elevation(Fig. 2).
Sp1·,.¡1111•11s /:,'x11111i111·<Í:.
Guatemala: Baja Verapaz: near San Jerónimo, Molina 12379 (F); hills near Santa
Rosa, St1111dln 91253 (F). Huehuetenango: San Miguel Acatan. Sku/f·/¡ 1024 (CH);
between Ncntón and Candelaria, Cook 60 (US); between Ncntón and Las Palmas.
S11:i-1•r11111rk 51617 (F,G,NY,US); barranca of Rio Ixlam between San ldelfonso and
CuiÍco, Stn-ermark 50715 (F); Cerro Chiquihui above Carrizal, Stnwmark 50798 (F,
CH, MO, NY, US); on trail fi-om Aguatán to Nebaj. Sh11rp 46107 (F, TEÑN);
Aguacatan, Skuich 1921 (F, CH, NY, US). Zacapa: Loma el Picacho. Santa Rosalia in
Sierra de las Minas, S11:i-a111ark 42703 (F, CH, NY).
México: Chiapas: 12 miles E of La Trinitaria on road to Lagos de Monte Bello.
Bm·rllon· 14115 (OS,· F); near Colonia Santa María, 15 miles SE of Comitan, Car/son
1910 (NY, UC); between Bajucu and Comitan, Cook 111 (US); Los Lagos. 3 miles NW
uf Ranchos San .lose. 34 miles SE of Comitan, Car/san 191 O (F); Tepancuapan,
'vlartínl':: 10529 (BH, OS, F. MO, NY, UC).
5. funipaus deppeana Steud., cedro; cedro chino (Puebla); sabino; Táscate (Chihuahua
and Durango); Tláscal or Tláxcal (Hidalgo); Huata, Agoriza (Sonora); aborí, aorí,
BOLETIN DE LA SOCIEDAD BOTANICA DE MEXICO No. 38, 1979
(Pima of Chihuahua), allip1lorj111uj11·r, oak-bark juniper, checkered-bark juniper. Arborescent shrubs to trees (to 20 m.) high, to 2 m. diameter, single-stemmed, may branch 1 or 2 m. above base; bark 1-20 cm. thick, quadrangular plates (or longitudinallv furrowed in f. sperrl"i), ashy gray outside, deep chocolate brown inside; crown open and broadly conic, or dense and globular, or sparsely branched in dense forests; branches stiff spreading to erect (or drooping in f. spl'm·i) on rapidly growing trees, with peeling bark; angle of branching of ultimate twigs 30--45 degrecs; scale leaves mostly opposite, twigs appear tetragonal in cross-section, 1-3 mm. long, obtuse to acute, margins finely toothed, yellowish-green to blue-green; ovulate eones ripen in second year, subglobose tu broadly ellipsoid, dry fibrous pulp, 8-15 mm. diameter, reddish-tan to dark reddish-brown with light to heavy white bloom; seeds 1--4 (-6) per cone, 6-9 mm. long, 4--7 mm. wide broadly ovale to angular, smooth or grooved, light chocolate brown; hilum two-thirds to t'1ree-quarters length of seed, light tan. Cut-over or burned trees stump-sprout at root crown.
5a . ./11111p1•rus IÍl'pp1•a11a Steudel var. tÍl'pp1·a11a, Nom. Bot. ed. 2.835. 1841; ./. 1111•.rirn11a Schlecht. & Chamisso, Linnaea 5:77. 1830. T1p1·: México: Vera Cruz:
Llanos de Perol~, Schil'd1• in 1828 (Holotipl': location not known, probablv lost or destroved; LectoOpe: here designated, MO!); ./. .fi){'tida & t/111ri/i·ro Spach., Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2. 16:298. 1841. Sahi110 1111·.rit'o11a (Schlecht. & Chamisso) Antoine. Cupress. -Gatt. 38. 1857.
J. pj!a11t1·0 Roezl, Cat. Graines Conif. México 8. 1857. 7\pl': México Tlaxcala: (localitv?), Ro1d (Holot_1p1·: location nol known). Sahina pf!1111/('{! (Roezl) Antoine, Cupress. -Gatt. 36. 1857.
Arborescent shrubs to short, stout trees (to 10 m.), with \1eak central axis, oftcn branching just above base; female eones 8-15 mm. diameter, light coat of bloom; seeds (1-) 2--4 (-6) per cone, irregular and angular, 6-7 mm. long, 4--6 mm. widc.
We inclucle ./. deppea110 var. paclnphl111·a (Torrev) Martíncz, in rnr. d1pp1·1111r1 pending further studi~ in this species.
Distrihutio11: In pine-oak, oak, pine-·oak-fir, oak-juniper woocllands un the w. slopes of Sierra Madre Oriental from Coahuila s. to Puebla at 1737 m. -3000 m. eln., and ne. Sonora, México; Arizona, New México, ancl sw. Texas, U.S.A.
Rrpffs1·11tatil'I' Spl'áme11s:
México: Coahuila: Canyon de Sentencia in Sierra del Carmen, municipio Villa Acuña~ Wrnd and Muelfrr 535 (ARIZ, MSC, MO, NY); S uf Saltillo in Sierra Madre, Polmf'T
THE GENUS JUNIPERUS IN MEXICO AND GUATEMALA
1
1296 (CH, MO, NA. NY). Hidalgo: 4 km. N uf Paehuea al El Burdo, R::,.r/01nki 24305 (ENCB, MICH, MSC). Méxirn: 20 km. NE of Texcurn on road lo Calpulapan, Cru:: C. :J42 (DS, ENCB, MICH, MSC. TEX).,Michoal'an: Tlalpujuhua. ,4/artín,.:; 10510 (F. NY,
UC). Nuern Leon: approx. 15 miles SW of Galeana al Put>rtu Santa Ana. tHudfrr 930
(MICH). Puebla: Ciudad Serdan. Vl'l/111ru A. 21:-JO (DS. ENCB. MICH. MO. NY). Querelaro: E uf Vizarron on road tu San Joaquín. Puif! 3546 (ENCB). San Luis Potosi: 12 km S of Mineral de Catorce at Tierras Negras, R::,.;lowski 7293 (ENCB). Tamaulipas: . Valle de la Gruta, 5 km. W of Rancho del Cielo and 8 km. NW of Gomez Farias. Gillwrt 53 (TEX). Tlaxcala: at .base of Mt. Tlaeuapanga. Slwrp anrl lfrmú111fr:: X. 44518 (MEXU, TENN). Vera Cruz: Llanos de Perote at Perote, Za11011i 2245 (CS).
Sb . ./u11i¡Hn1s rl1·p¡11·1111a var. rl1•pp1·a11a f. S/H'rr1·i (Correll) R. P. Adams, Brittonia 24:289. 1973 . ./. 1frpp1•111111 rnr. s¡Jl'm·i Currell. W rightia 3: 188. 1966. T1p1·:
United States: Jeff Oa\·is Count.\·: Drv Canvon of Da\ is Mountains, abuul 8 mi. from
Sproul Raneh Headyuarters, Sp1·m· T879 (T1¡JI': CH: lsol1p1·: US!).
Stem bark longitudinally furrowed in to interrnnnccted strips; terminal \1 hip hranches
and larger branches flan·id ancl drooping.
Distrilmtion: Da\·is Muuntains ofTexas, U.S.A.; ne. Sonora. Méxirn in rockv soils and
upen, grass\ slupes (Fig. 4).
Sp1·1·i1111·11 l\a111i111·rl:
México: Sonora: 14.2 miles N of Cu.vote on road 10 Huachinera, Za11011i 2872 (CS).
Se. }ufúperus d1·pp1·arw var. paclnphlarn (Torrey) Martínez, Anal. lnst. Biol. México 17:53. 1946 . ./. paclnphlaea Torrey, U. S. Rep. Survey Miss. -Pacific 4 (5): 142. 1857. T1pl': United States: New México: Zuni Mountains, Bi[<l'lou; in 1853 (Ho/M1p1·: NY!);
J.
paclnphloea Torrey in Ives, Rep. Colo. River part 4, 28. 1861.Sabina paclnphlarn (Torrey) Antoine, Cupress. -Gatt. 39. 1857. Sabina
/Htclnphlol'a (Torrey) A. A. Heller, Muhlenbergia 5:120. 1909. Sabina paclnp· hlorn (Torrey) l. M. Lewis. Univ. Texas Bull. 22:43. 1915.
J.
pach1·r/Nma Sitgreaves, Rep. Exped. Zuni Colo. Rivers. 35. 1854;J.
plnchnfrrma in Sitgreaves, Rep. Exped. Zuni Colo. River plate 16. 1854; (Sitgreaves usedJ.
p11chnfrrm11;ho.wever.Torrey did not use the name in the· BOLETIN DE LA SOCIEDAD BOTANICA DE MEXICO No. 38, 1979
butanical descriptiuns,
J.
fJltwhnfrr111a is a printer's error); Saliina¡drwhuler111a Antuine, Curpress. -Gatt. 40. 1857.
1
This variety has not been studied recenth. l111·estigatiuns relating it to the other varieties of J. rfrpp('(/na
are
needed. We inelude this rnrietv under ./. t!rpp1•a11a \·ar. rl<'ppr•ana until further investigations in the species are made.Dis1rili111io11; Arizona and New México, U.S.A.; Sonora, México.
5tl. ./1lllifJt'rus rfr¡ipr·ana rnr. ¡){[fo11ia11a (Martínez) T. A. Zanoni. Biochem. S_\·st. &
Ecologv 4. 1976: ./. palo11ia11a Martínez, Anal. lnst. Biol. México 17:62, 63. 1946. T1pr·: México: Durango: El Salto. C.
t:.
Blanrn 61/0 (f-!olonpr·: MEXU1).J.
pato11ia11a f. olisrnra Martínez, Anal. 1 nst. Biol. México 17:68. 1946. T1pr·:México: Durangu: El Salto:
C.
t:.
Blonrn .1-510 (f-!olonp<': MEXU!); ./.t!r•p/H'tllla var. ohsrnra (Martínez) Caussen, Tra\·. Lab. Forest. Toulouse Tome
11, Sect. 1, Vol. 1, partie 11 2. fase. 10. 150. 152. 1968.
Trees, verv sparsely branchcd. with \·erv irregular crown. stem bark of longitudinal strips ( uccasionallv intercon nt'cted); otherwise similar to
J.
1frpp1·r111a rnr. roliusla.Distrili11tio11: As singk, srnttered trees in the pine-oak-juniper forests, usuallv with ./u11ipn11s tÍl'fJp1·r111a \·ar. m/J/ls/a, al 2400-2800 m. ele\·ation in the Sierra Madre Occidental of Durango, Mhirn (Fig. 4).
Sp1·ci1111·11s 1·xa111iiu·t!:
México: Durango: El Salto, Blanrn A510 (MEXU); Blanrn 6710 (CH, MEXU);
Martí111·= 10532 (A, BH, OS, F, MO, UC); Puerto Buenos Aires, approx. 52 km. W ofEl
Salto, Za11011i 2744 (CS); Arrovo San Antonio, 3.6 miles S uf El Salto, Za11011i 2764 (CS); Las Tablas, Bla11rn 3001 (MEXU); La Carta, Santiago Papasquiaro, Martí111·= 10531 (A, BH, OS, F, MO, NY, UC); Sierra de la Candela, Tepehuanes; l:"starr·= in Or·t. 1943 (A, US); Zapiguri, Tepehuanes, Martí111·= 12005 (RSA).
Se . .luniperus dep¡Jl'ana var. rohusta Martínez, Anal. lnst. Biol. Méxicú 17:47. 1946.
THE GENUS
JU
N
IPERUS
IN MEXICO ANO GUATEMALATrees (to 25 m.), with strong central axis, bark of square to rectangular plates; female eones 8-15 mm. diameter, with light cual of bloom; seeds (l-)2-3(-6) per cone, ovoid or oblong, 7-10 mm. long, 6--8 mm .. wide.
Distrihutiori: In the pine, pine-oak, oak, pine-oak-juniper-arctostaphvlos forests, and occasionallv in grasslands of the Sierra Madre Occidental at 1500-3200 m. elevation from Chihuahua s. to Jalisco, fl!frxirn (Fig. 4).
R1•¡Jr<'Sl'///l//l/0
( ' SfJl'clllll'/lS."
México: Chihuahua: W side uf San Luis Range, 5 air miles SE of Monument 67 un Sonora-New Mexico border, Tuckl'r 2599 (ARIZ, UC); near Colonia Garcia, Tmrn.sr•nd 11//IÍ Barlwr 185 (F, MO, NY, RSA, TEX, UC); Cerro de la Ventana, S ofBasuchil, about 10 miles NW of Miñaca, M1>.úa 2517 (A, CAS, GH, MICH, MO, PH, POM, UC); El Vergel, 100 km. SW of Parral, Li11fr 17900 (F, UC). Durango: Zapiguri, Tepehuanes,
M11rtín1•:: 12003 (A, RSA); Sierra de la Candela, Tepehuanes, Martír11•:: 10514 (DS); 6 miles W of La Ciudad on Highway 40, Brr·1·dlor<' 18871 (CAS, MICH); Hacienda Coyotes, municipio El Salto, Zanoni. 2147 (CS). Jalisco: 5 km E of Rancho El Mortero, municipio Mezquitic, R::1·dou:ski 17701 (ENCB). Zacatecas: 0.1 mile NW of El Alamo, on Highwav 45, Zanoni 2159 (CS); 8 miles S of Chalchihuites, ./on<'s 1037 (ENCB,
MICH).
s
r.
./ur11jJl'rllS depp<'ll/lll var. ::arnll'l'l'/lSlS Martínez, Anal. Inst. Biol. México 17:57, 58.1946. T1p1·: México: Zacatecas: 10 km. W uf Sombrerete, Mar/Ír¡¡·:; A503 (Holotype: MEXU!);
J.
::11rnt1·11sis (Martínez) Gaussen. Trav. Lab. Forest, Toulouse Tome 11, Sect. 1, Vol. 1, partie 11 2, fase. 10. 151. 1968.Large shrubs to small tree (to 8 m.), stem bark uf square to oblong plates; female eones 13-20 mm. diameter, with heavy bloom on eones, causing cone to appear white; seeds
1-4(-7) per cune.
Distrilmtion: In oak-pine-juniper and pinon-juniper woodlands, and on grasslands on hilis al 1980-2470 m. elevation, in w. Zacatecas and adjacent Durango, khi:ico (Fig. 4).
R1·prr•s1•nt11tin· .'-ip1·ci1111·11s:
México: Durango: al km. 104 S of Durango on Highway 45, Littnuw and P1'rwi11Flon 9044 (NY). Zacatecas: pass through Sierra Papanton near border with Durango, Ge nln-8452 (MICH, US); W of Sombrerete, 1\fortínl':: 10519 (BH, OS, F, MO, NY, UC); just N of Chalchihuites un Highway 15 (lo Jimenez del Teul) near Mina Dolores, Zanoni
BOLETIN DE LA SOCIEDAD BOTANICA DE MEXICO No. 38,
1979
217.3 (CS);
20
km. WSW of Valparaiso at Puerto de la Paja, Rzedou·ski. 17554 (ENCB,TEX); Sierra de Guadalupe near Temazcal, municipio Nieves, Rzedowski 8748 (ENCB,
MSC, TEX).
6. }unipt'rus durangensis Mari., cedro, tascate, Durango juniper.
}uniperus durangensis Martín'ez, Anal. lnst. Biol. México
17:94, 95. 1946.
T1pe:México: Durango: Puerto de Santo Domingo, 30 km. from El Salto, Martínez 7015 (Holoope: MEXU!).
Shrub to small tree (to 5 m.), usually branching near base, trees have irregular crowns;
bark thin ashy-brown, long fibrous strips; branches of shrubs ascending-erect to strict, spreading in trees, terminal whips recurved, bark smooth to peeling scales, reddish-brown; angle of branching of ultimate twig about
60
degrees; scale leaves mostly opposite on ultimate twigs, leaves on ultimate twig appear like a chain of beads,1-2
mm.long, margins finely toothed, dark gray-green; female eones with soft pulp, gibbous,
6
-
7
mm. long, 4--0 mm. wide; seeds 1-3 (-4) per cone, subconic to oval, acuminate or
obtuse, 3-4 mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, dark reddish-brown with shallow grooves; hilum to one-half length of seed.
Distribulion: m openings in pine-oak or pine-oak-juniper-arctostaphylos forests at
1600
-
2900
m. elevation. In Sonora, Chihuahua, Durango, extreme w. snd s. Zacatecas, n.Jalisc<Yand Aguascalientes, México (Fig. 2).
Speámens Examined:
México: Aguascalientes: Sierra del Laurel near Calvillo, Rzedowski 14078 (ENCB); McVaugh 18394 (MICH). Chihuahua: Rancho Byerly in Sierra Charuco, Gentn- 8144
(US); dry ledges of the Sierra Madre lnear Ciudad Guerrero], Pringle 1363 (A, F, G, NA, NY, PH, UC); dry ledges of porphyry, in Sierra Madre lnear Cusihuirijachicl, Pringle 1672 (NY, UC). Durango: Bagres, municipio of Tepehuanes, Martínt·:: 12004
(BH); Mexiquillo, municipio of Pueblo Nuevo, Martínez 10528 (DS, F, MO, NY, UC): 52 km. W of El Salto at Puerto Buenos Aires, Zanoni 2528 (CSj; location unknown, Ros1· 3754 (US). Jalisco: Las Vidrieras, 10 km. NW of El Platanar, San Martin de Bolanos, Rzedowski 26193 (DS, ENCB, MICH, MSC); Diaz Luna 906 (ENCB). Sonora: 4 miles E of El Bilito, White 4788 (CH, MICH). Zacatecas: between Jalpa anJ Tlaltenango, Diaz luna 2368 (ENCB); Sierra del Gato, Jimenez del Teul. M11rli1w::
THE GENUS JUNIPERUS IN MEXICO AND GUATEMALA
7. ]uniperus errthrocarpa Cory, agoriza (Sonora); tlascali, táscate (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Sonora); Con-'s juniper.
J
uniperus enthrocarpa Cory, Rhodora 38:186. 1936. T,lpf': U nited States: Texas: Brewster County: Laguna in Chisos Mts., Con-7642 (Holot_1pe: A!).J.
erythrocarpa var. coahuilensis Martínez, Anal. Ints. Biol. México 17:115, 116. 1946. T~pe: México: Coahuila: Sierra de los Hechiceros, ]ohnslon and Muller 1290 (Ho/otype: MEXU!; lsotypes: GH!, NA!, TENN!, TEX!);J.
1·oahuilensis(Martínez) Gaussen, Trav. Lab. Forest, Toulouse Tome II, Sect. I, Vol. 1, partie II 2, fase. 10. 154, 1968.
J.
texensis Van Melle, Phytologia 4:26. 1952. T1pe: U nited Sta tes: Brewster County: Big Bend National Park, Brenckle 51019 (Holot_1pe: NY; lsotvpe: A).Large shrub to small tree (to 8 m.), shrubs branched at base, with flattened-globular or irregular crown; bark thin, ashy-gray; long ragged strips, branches ascending to erect in shrubs, spreading in trees, bark scaley and ashy-gray; angle of branching of ultimate twig about 45-55 degrees; scale leaves opposite or ternate, appressed, ovate to broadly elliptic, obtuse to acuminate, 1.5-2 mm. long, margin tlnely toothed, yellowish
-green; female eones with soft, juicv, rcsinous pulp, globose or ovale, 6-7 mm. long, yellowish-orange, orange to dark red, with white bloom appearing pink or rose; seeds 1 (rarely 2) per cone, ovale or pvriform, acuminate, 5mm. long, 4 mm. wide, brown shallow or deep grooves; hilum about one-half length of seed light brown_
Distrilmtion: In calcareous, often gravellv soils on rolling hills in thl' Bou/c'/oua grasslands, and in adjacent oak-juniper Sa\·annas al 880-2200 m_ 'l:'ic\·ation. S. of Mogollun Rim, of Arizona, s. tu n_ Sonora. s. New Mexico, Trans-Perns uf Texas, Chihuahua, Durango, Coahuila, r. Nuern León, Tamaulipas. and n. Zacalecas (Fig. 5).
R 1•¡Jr1·s1·11t11li1·1· .'ip1·1·i 1111·11s:
México: Chihuahua: 30 miles W of'Cuauhlt>mot· on Highwav 16. St111·ss1· 1079 (ENCB. NY. TEX). Cuahuila: mounlains abuul Carneros Pass. Pri11¡:/,-:2305 (F. G. MO. MSC. NA, NY. PH. UC). Durango: near Torrcon de las Canas on Zarca Mesa. G1·111n-8651 (MEXU. MlCH)_ So11ora: Cañon Pulpito. Mpio. Agua Prieta. ,\/11/frr .5729 (F. GH. MICH. NA. TENN. UC). Za«atecas: Cedros. L/01 ti 11 (F. US).
8 . ./1111i¡n·ms_/l11lf'id11 Schlechl., cedro, cedro liso. t·ipn•s. enebro. sabino. tlásc·al. lásealt',
.BOLETIN DE LA SOCIEDAD BOTANICA DE MEXICO No. 38, 1979
Sma!Í tree (to 12 m.) with trunk branching 1-2 m. above base (rarely shrubby);. bark cinnamon reddish-brown or grayish reddish-brown, broad interlaced fibrous strips; branches spreading forming a globose or flattened globular crown; branchlets drooping and flaccid; angle of branching of ultimate twig 20-30 degrees; scale leaves 1.5-2 mm. long, opposite, narrowly ovale, tips acuminate appressed or divergent, margins subentire with few irregular teeth, sometimes with elliptic resin glant flat in dorsal leaf surface; female cone with soft fibrous resinous pulp, subglobose to several-flat sided, with umbo of cone-scales often present on mature eones, tan to reddish-brown with light coat of white bloom, 8-20 mm. diameter, dried eones hard due to resin cementing pulp; seeds (4-) 6-13 per cone, 5-6 mm. long, angular, ivory or brown.
8a. }unipl'ru.1/la('('Úfa Schelecht. var.jlal'l'ida, Linnaea 12:495. 1838.
T1pl'S: México: Hidalgo: Atotonilco el Chico, Schil'<ÍI' in 1830; México: Hidalgo: Regla, Ehrenberg s. n. (Holot.1p1·s; location no! known, probablv lost or destroyed; L1·1·to'.lpl': here designated MO 2085919!; 1 sofrlfnt.ip<': US
120534311);
I
foelida Jlal'l'ida (Schlecht.) Spach, Ann. Sci. N at., ser. 2,16:300. 1841; Sahinuflal'l'i<Ía (Schlecht.) Antoine, Cupress. -Gatt. 37. 1857; Sal11na jlaráda (Schlecht.) A. A. Heller, Muhlenbergia 5:120. 1909; Sabina /larnr/11 (Schlecht.) [. M. Lewis, Bu!!. U niv. Texas 22:43. 1915.
J. ruar·ilis Endl., Svn. ConiL 31. 1847. J. f!racilis Hort. in Roezl., Cat. Graines
Conif. México. 8. 1857 .
./. f!1f:111//('([ Roezl in part, Cat. Graines Conif. México. 8. 1857. T1¡w México: México: Tenarícingo al 7-8000 fect, Rrll'~/ s. n. (Holot.ipr·: location no! known); Sal1i1111 pj!11n/1'<1 (Roezl) Antoint' in par!, Cupress. -Gatt. 36. 1857; J. j111rcida var. pp111tr•11 (Roezl) Gaussen, Tra\'. Lab. Forest. Toulouse Tome 11, Sect. l, Yol. l, partie 112, fas ... 10.117. 1968.
Scalc leavcs on ultimatc twings with apprcssed, obtusc tips; mature female eones usuall.v smooth (or with horn-likl' protuberant·t·s from the l'nlargcd rnnt·-scalt· tips).
Distrilmtio11: UsuC1llv un xeric slopcs in opl'n, grass\ slupt·s or in pine, pine-oak, pine-oak-Juni¡Jt'r. or in tropical-clt-ciduous fon·sts (Jalisco), on calcarcous substrates al
(900-) 1300-2900 m. elf'\ation, in Big Bl'nd National Park, Tcxas, USA.; Chihuahua, Coahuila, Distrito FcdnaL Durango, Cuanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisrn, Mhirn,
THE GENUSJUNIPERUS IN MEXICO AND GUATEMALA
Michoacan, Morelos, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tamaulipas, and Zacatecas, México (Fig. 6).
Representative Specimens:
México: Chihuahua: Cañon del Rayo, Sierra del Diablo, Stewart 942 (GH, TEX)
Coahuila: Cañon del Agua, Sierra de la Madera, Mpio. Cuatro Cienegas, M uller 3209 (GH, MICH, NA, TENN, UC). Distrito Federal: 1 Km. N of Topilejo, on road to San
Mateo, Rzedowski 18265 (DS, MSC). Durango: Santiago Papasquiaro, ºglmer 75 (A, F, GH, MO, UC). Guanajuato: Palmillas, 25 km. NE of San Luis de la f'az, Little 11089
(US). Guerrero: Cerro Alquitran, Mazatlán, Kruse 1591 (ENCB). Hidalgo: 10 km. NW of Orizabita, Mpio. Ixmiquilpan, González
Q.
2103 (DS, ENCB, MEXU, MICH, MSC,SMU). Jalisco: Las Treinta Vueltas, 10 km. NW of El Platanar, Mpio. San Martin de
Bolaños, Rzedowski 26212 (ENCB, MICH, MSC). México: 2 km. NE of Ixtapan de la
Sal, R::edowski 18242 (ENCB, MICH). Michoacan: on Rt. 15, Puerto del Gato, Curungueo, Zanoni 2194 (CS). Morelos: 3 km. E ofCuernavaca, on road to Tepoztlan, Palacios on 12 Sept. 1964 (ENCB). Nuevo León: Hacienda Ojo de Agua on Cerro Potosi, (\1pio. Galeana, 5chneider 996 (A, ARIZ, GH, MO). Oaxaca: El Vado, Mpio.
Ejutla, on Oaxaca to Sola de Vega road, Rzedowski 21285 (DS, ENCB, MICH, TEX). Tamaulipas: 11 miles SW of Victoria, on road to El Huisachal, Stan.ford, Lauber & Tarlor 2001 (DS. RSA). Queretaro: 80 km. NE of Queretaro on road to Pina! de
Amoles, on Pilón, McVaugh 10349 (ENCB, GH, MICH, TEX). San Luis Potosi: vicinity of La Salitrera, Mpio. Zaragoza, Rzedowski 11396 (ENCB, MICH, MSC). Sonora: Rancho de la Nacha IS of Agua Prieta], Rio Bavispe región, White 4093 (GH).
Zacatccas: N of El Limón, al Zacatecas-Jalisco state line, Zarwni 2178 (CS).
8/i . ./unrjH·rus jlaccida var. poblana Martínez, Anal. Inst. Biol. México 17:31. 1946. Tipl': México: Puebla: Amozoc al 2300 m., Martínez 507 (Holotipe: MEXU!).
Cn¡m·ssus thuri/i·ru H. B. K., Nova Gen. et Sp. Pl. 2:3. 1817. Type: México: Guerrero: prope Tasco et Tehuilotepec, Humholdt and Bonpland 3956 (Holot.ipe: P; as fragments and photograph!); Chamaenparis thuri/era Endl., Syn. Conif62. 1847.
Scale leaves on ultimate twigs with sharp, acule, divergen! tips; mature female eones
usuallv show suture lines from fusion of cone-scales, appearing like a soccer hall.
Distrihution: Usually on dry, calcareous slopes, in pure stands, or in mixed forests, al
BOLETIN DE LA SOCIEDAD BOTANICA DE MEXICO No. 38, 1979
Representative Specimens:
México: Distrito Federal: Cerro Xochitepec, near Xochitepec, Rzedowski22133 (DS,
ENCB, MICH, MSC, TEX). Guerrero: between Taxco and Tehuilotepec, Martínez
11000 (A, UC), Martínn 10507 (F). Hidalgo: Santuario, Cardonal, May Nalz AM-35
(ENCB). Jalisco: 18 km. N or Ixtlahuacan del Rio, Rzedowski 15265 (ENCB, TEX). México: Rancho Santo Tobias, near Villa Guerrero, Mpio. Coatepec Harinas, Gilly 114
(MICH, TENN, TEX). Michoacan: NW of Aguililla, about 6-7 miles S of Aserradero Dos
Aguas, McVauglz 22702 (MICH). Morelos: mountainside above Cuernavaca, Pringle
13207 (CAS, F, MICH, SMU). Puebla: Tochimilco, Ne/son on 2-3 August 1893 (US). Oaxaca: Las Sedas, Pringle 4794 (A, ARIZ, G, MEXU, MO, MSC, PH, UC).
9. }uniperus gamboana Mart., cedro; cipres; cipres común; bac'il nuhkupat (Tzeltal at Tenejapa, Chiapas); K'uk",ton, nukul pat (Tzotzil at Zinacantán, Chiapas), gamboa ¡uniper.
}uniperus gamboana Martínez, Anal. lnst. Biol. México 15:7, 8. 1944. Type:
México: Chiapas: near T eopisca, M artínez 6701 (H olotype: MEXU !) .
Trees (to 12 m.), stem branching 1 or 2 m. above base, branches ascending to erect, crown rounded or very broadly conic; stem bark 5 mm. thick, dark ashy-gray-brown,
divided in quadrangular plates; terminal whip branches ascending to erect, with straight tips, bark reddish-brown and scaley; angle of hranching of ultimate twig 35-45 degrees;
scale leaves mostly opposite, ovale to elliptic, 1.5-2 mm. long, with acule or obtuse, appressed tips, margin finely-toothed, yellow·green to green; female eones with soft pulp.
globose, reddish-brown, with a light coa! of bloom, 5-8 mm. diameter; seeds l(or 2) per
cone, ovoid, 4--6 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, severa! large grooves, brown; hilum about
two/thirds length of seed.
Distribution: On limestone soils in pine-oak pine-oak-juniper forests in the sierras al 1670-2200 m. elevation in Chiapas, México; limestone hillsides near San Miguel Acatan al 1920-2.134 m. elevation in the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes of Depto. Huehuetenango, Guatemala (Fig. 1).
Speciflll'llS E.raminl'd:
Guatemala: Huehuetenango: San Miguel Acatan, Skutd1 1024 (F, US); above Rio
Ocheval toward San Miguel Acatan, Sharp 451031 (F, TENN); slope W of San Miguel Acatan, Slrnrp 451033 (F, MEXU, RSA, TENN). México: Chiapas: San Cristobal de las
1 Casas, Ne/son 3187 (A, F, US); between San Cristobal and Comitán, C11rls1111 2017
THE GENUS JUNIPERUS IN MEXICO ANO GUATEMALA
(OS, ENCB, MICH, MSC);; 22 km. S of San Cristobal, 111/artín":; 10530 (A, BH, F.
MEXU, NY); 22 km. S of San Cristobal, ,Wartínl':; 9000 (A, F); 13 miles SE of San
Cristobal, P1·/Nson 72-118 (CS); summit of Highwa_v he!W<'en San Cristobal and
Teopisca, Bm·d/111·1· 7122; 4 miles N ofTeopisca on High~'ª' 190. lau¡th!in 1921 (OS);
near Teopisca, Miranda 7207 (MEXU); near Teupisca, Martín1·:; 67018. (MEXU); 9
miles SE of Teopisca, Zanoni 2272 (CS); 10 miles E of Teupisl'a, K in¡; mHI /Jilio/I 3022
(OS, MICH, NY, TEX UC, US); 20 km. E of'Teopisca. R:;1·do11'ski 23702 (BH. ENCB.
F, MEXU); 16 km. NW of Comitán, near Lake Jusnajav. Sh11r¡1 45446 (CH, MEXU.
TENN);
18
miles NW of Comitán, Bm·d/01·1· 11nd Rt11·1·n 8323 (OS, ENCB, F): 10 milesNW of Comitan, Slwrp 45443 (CH, MO, TENN. UC); 7 miles W of Comitán Car/son
2017 (NY); Amatenago del Val1e, Ton 1832 (OS, ENCB, MICH); Ma1wla 5820 (F,
MEXU); Matuda 5844 (MO); Cruz Quemada, lan¡t111t111 3802 (PH, US); 4 miles NW uf
Pinola, municipio Las Rosas, Ra1•1•n afl(/ Bm·dlon· 20108 (OS, ENCB.
F.
MICH); 3miles SW of Pinola Las Rosas on road to Sovatitan, muni<'ipiu Venustiano Carranza.
Breed/0V1· 11372 (OS, F, MICH); 1 mile NE of Highway, 2.3 miles NW of Comitán, St('l'r·ns 1281 (CS);
3
miles NW of Comitan. Marin M64-.J.3 (RSA); S uf Comitán,Martínt·:; s. 11. (BH); near San Gregorio, Slwr¡1 45990 (OS, TENN); Canjur. Gold11111n
800 (US).
10. }unipt•rus j111i.H"t11w Mari., cedro, enebro: }11/is('(} j11111ju·r . ./uni¡}('r/ls jalis1·t111a
Martínez, Anal. lnst. Biol. México 17:69. 1946. T1¡u·: México: Jalisco: Cuale,
Gon:;afr:; 7002 (Holoopr·: MEXU1).
Trees (to 10 m.) with straight stems. branches ascending to erect, forming a rnnic or round crown; stem bark 10-20 mm. thick of fibrous, interconnected strips, gravis
h-brown surface ovcr cinnamon brown inner bark; terminal whip branches erect to stril'!,
tips of branches verv flexible and curved, but not recurved, bark reddish-brown ami
scaley; angle of branching of ultimare twig 50-60 degrees; scale leaves opposite (rarelv ternate), ovale ur ovoid, obtuse, appressed tips with resin gland un center of leaf, O. 7-1.0
mm. long, margins finelv toothed, green; femalc eones with soft, fleshv pulp, irregular an<l gibbous, reddish-brown, with a light coat of bloom, 7-8 mm. diameter; peduncles straight; seeds (2-)4-9(-11) per cone, subovoid, angular, with resin grooves, 3-4 mm. long, 2
mm. wide; hilum about one-half lenght of seed.
This species apparentlv has onlv a local distribution, and ma.v be considf'red rare in
México.
Distriliution: A t El Puerto de las Víboras, Bosques de San Francisco, Pueblo Nuevo, Ourangu al 2670 m. in the pine-oak forest of the Sierra Madre Occidental (Martínez,
BOLETIN DE LA SOCIEDAD BOTANICA DE MEXICO No.
38,
1979
1946);
and in the pine-oak-juniper forestal1
335-1600 m.
on the hills al Cuale. Jalisco, .'\!! Í'.rirn (Fig. 4).Sp1·1·i1111•11s l:'.rn111i11l'd:
México: Durango: Pueblo Nue\'U, Jlartí1i1·:: 12013 .4 (OS. RSA). Jalisco: S side of Cuale, municipio Talpa de Allende. Z1111011i 25.:/.0 (CS); Go11::11fr:: in .!11111111r\' 19-/.5 (MEXl.J); Go11::11fr:: 7009 (MEXU): Martín,.:: 10520 (A, BH. OS. F, MO, NY. UC).
11.
./unipl'Tu.S 111011os¡)(·r11111 (Engelm.) Sarg., cedro, 0111•-.H'l'll j1111ipl'T.Shrub or tree in protected si~es (to
18
m.) and to50 cm.
diameter, stem branching ator below ground leve!, stem fluted and buttressecl; stcm bark thin. light gra\·. reddish to brown beneath. ridged fibrous flat slrips: terminal whip branl"hes ascending to erect, ashY-\1hi1e peeling hark: foliage euarse and sharp-lipped; whip lea\'t'S. with
gland three yuarters length of lf .. adaxial surface distinl'th· white glaurnus; scale
leaves
1-3
mm. long, m·ate. arute lo acuminate. green, margins finelY toothed;female cone with soft juil'I' pulp, globose to ovoid,
4--8
mm. long, dark reddish-purple with hea\'\' white bloom, appearing light blue: seeds 1 (rarelv 2 or 3)per con e; pal e chornlate brow n, broadlv ovale, acule to obtusc; hilum about onc-third
length of seed, light tan.
lla . ./u111j1l'TUS 111onosp1n1111 (Engclmann) Sargent var. 111011osp1·r11111. Silva N. Amer.
10:38. 1896; }.
01·ci1fr11111lis var. B. 111onospl'Tm11 Engelmann, Trans,Acad. Sci. St. Louis
3:590.
1877.
Trp1·: United States: Colorado: FremontCount_v: Canon Citv, (collectoi-7) (Holotype: MO); Sahi1111 111011ospl'T111a
(Engelmann) Rvdberg, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
32:598.
1904;
J.
111nir·a11a var.monos¡1m1111 (Engelmann) Cory, Rhodora
38:183
.
1936
.
./. otúdt·111111is var. (e) f.fflllnornrpa Lemmon, Handb. West-Amer. Cone Bearers ed.
3, 80
.
1895.
T1p,.: non e designated; ./. 111011osp1'rr11a / (<Ylllnornrpa (Lemmon)Rehder, J. Arnold Arboretum
7
:2
39.
1926; ./.
p ·nuw,.arpa (Lemmon) Cory inpart, Rhodora
38:184
.
1936.
Ultimate twigs
6-8(-12)
mm. long,1.5-2
mm. wide, angle of branching of ultimatetwigs about
50 degrees.
J. monospc'rma var. monospt•rma has been reported from s. A rizo na (s. of the Mogollon
Rim) and in n. México (Sonora, Chihuahua, Durango, Coahuila, Zacatecas, Nuevo Leon,
.THE GENUSJUNIPERUS IN MEXICO AND GUATEMALA
investigations (Adams, 1972; Adams, l 976b; Zanoni and Adams, l 975a and l 976a) have shown that the junipers are
J.
erythrocarpa, }. pinchotii, and}. monosperma var.wacilis. W e ha ve not seen herbarium specimens nor observed live plants from México
that are
J.
monosp1·rma var. monosperma.Distribution: In grasslands and open pine-oak forests at (1100-)1600-2100 m. elevation, often in dense, large populations, in s. central Colorado, into n. Arizona, New México, and w. and n. Texas, U.S.A.
Florin (1933) and Morton (1941) reviewed the occurrence of gymnocarpy (seeds exerted from the con e) in } uniperus. Our field observations indica te that gymnocarpy occurs on eones of any species of }unip1·rus in North America. Insect larvae infest the
immature eones, causing abnormal development of seeds and eones, and the
gymnocar-pous condition. Usuallv, the seed will not contain a fully-developed endosperm and embrvo. Corv (1936), in changing the status of
J.
occidentalis var. fYmnocarpa Lemmon, included severa! species in hisJ.
fYmnocarpa. Lemmon (1895) stated that he observed the plants on the Sandia Mountains, near Albuqtierque, New Mexico. These plan Is are referrable toJ.
111011ospama. Cory (1936) altered Lemmon 's description to include plants from sw. Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Ne.vada, Colorado, and México. Cor_v did not recognize the teratological nature of gymnocarpy in his specimens, and assumed it to be a valid characteristic.Subsequently he included inadvertently, plants that are now recognized as}. 1·r¡-tlzrocarpa, }. pinchotii, and possibly}. osteospama in hisJ.
f!_\°111/IOf'arpa.llb . ./u11ip1•rus mo11osp1·mw var. f'ral'ilis Mart., cedro, slender 01ws1•e<Í j1111i¡Jl'r.
¡
}uniperus 111<111osp1·r111a var. f'racilis Martínez, Anal. Inst. Biol. México 17:111, 112.1946. T1pe: México: San Luis Potosi: Hacienda de Angostura. Prinffr 3771 (Holonp1·: not at MEXU; Lectot.1pe: here designated, VT; lso/1·1·/ot.1p1·s:
ARIZ!, F1, GH!, MO!, NY!, UC!).
Ultimate tw 0
igs, &-:-12 mm. long, 1-13 mm. diameter, usually verv slender often with broader angle of branching of ultimate twig, about (50-)60-70 degrees, female eones
oval and usuallv smaller.
Distribu1io11: In grasslands, Arncia scrub, Áf!.Ol'1'-Yuf'rn-Opu11tia-}1111ip1•rus scrub, or pine woods, on gravelly or rocky limestone soils in the w. foothills of the Sierra Madre Oriental at 1050-2800 m. elevation. In e. Coahuila, s. Nuevo León, se. Tamaulipas, ne. Queretaro, and n. Hidalgo, Mh:irn (Fig. 5).
Repres1•11/alin· Sp1•1'iml'11s:
BOLETIN DE LA SOCIEDAD BOTANICA DE MEXICO No. 38, 1979.
Hidalgo: 5 km. ESE of Cardona!, Gon::áfr::
Q.
3307 (ARIZ, DS, ENCB, MICH, MSC). Nuevo León: 15 miles SW of Pueblo Galeana in San Francisco Canvon, Mul'ller 290 (A,F, MICH, NY, TEX, US). San Luis Potosi: Tablas, R::l'ilm«ski 5836 (ENCB, TEX); Hacienda Angostura, Prin¡dr· 3771 (ARIZ, F, GH, MO, NY. UC). Tamaultj}(ls: 4 km. S
ofMiquihuana, Gon::afr:: Q. 3806 (DS, ENCB, MICH).
12 . ./1111i¡Jf'rus 11w111irnla Mari., cedro; sabino; sabino de castillo (Pico de Orizaba, Vera Crnz); tláscal (Hidalgo); 11111u111ai11 j1111ipr•r.
Low prostrate shrub to tree (to 10 m.), stems prostrate and tortuous to erect (in trees).
cro1rns broad and tlattened to broadlv conic (in trees); stem bark 5-10 mm. thick, gra1·
to gravish-brown. of fibrous, longitudinal strips; terminal 11hip branches spreading and tortuous to ascending, tips ocasionally cun·ed. bark reddish-brown to gravish-brown;
angle of branching of ultimate twig 40--00 degrees, ultimate twigs subdistichous to distichous; scale lea1·es usualh· opposite, often thick and appearing as a string-of:beads on
the ultimate twig, rounded or obtuse, appressed tips. 1.0-2.0 mm. long. margins fineh dcnticulate. gral'ish-green to green, resin gland sometimes oln ious on surface of leaf; femak eones 11 ith soft, tleshv pulp. globose or gibbous, dark bluish-black. 11ith a light coa!
of bloom. S-9(-10) 111111. diametcr; peduncles usuallv cuned: seeds (2-)3-7(-9) per con e. usuall1 angular and groo1 ed: hilum about 0.5 to 0.6 length of seed.
12a . ./1111i¡wrus 11/()lllirnlu Martínez f. 111011/írnlo, Anal. lnst. Biol. México 17:79. 1946; ./. ir'lm¡:r111a Schlecht.. Linnaea 12:495. 1838. T1pl': México: Hidalgo: Mineral del Monte. 1~·1lr'rí'l/lwr/! s. 11. (H()/o/.\jJI': no! fuund. probabh· los! or
dt·strmcd; Lr·t·/()f_\f'I': hen· Jesignated. M0 1); Sahi11a /t'IT!lf!Olla (Schlecht.)
Antoint'. Cuprcss. -Gal!. 40. 1857.
Sprcading shrnb 11ith tortuous branches lo free (lo 10 111.); l'oliaw· not tighth compacted; angle of branching of ultimate twig 40-50 degrecs; mature ultimate twigs ] 0-15(-20) mm. long.
Distrill/ltio11: Mostlv subalpinc fon·sts of oak-juni¡.wr. pin c. or A liil's. as undPrslon·
shrub at 2400 m. clt•1 al ion or h igher. or al or ah<ll t' 1reeli1w on N e1 ado de Coli 111a. Jalisl'O. in ro .. b t'l'l'I Ít't'S lo 4300 111. clc\'alion. Mí·xil'O (Fig. 3).
THE GENUSJUNIPERUS IN MEXICO AND GUATEMALA
Rl'prl'Sl'l!lalil'I' Sp1·cinU'11s:
México: Distrito Federal: La Cima station, Serjana de Ajusco, lltis, Ko1•pp1•11, & fltis on 12-14 Jufr, 1960 (TEX). Guerrero: Cerro Teotepec, Mpio. Tlacotepec, R::1·dmrski
18574 (MICH, TEX). Hidalgo: Real del Monte, M11rtí111·:: 10523 (F, RSA), Martínez (BH, DS, MO). Jalisco: Nevado de Colima, Gn·/!on· & Eit1·11 300 (MICH, MO, SMU). México: Monte de las Cruces, M11rtí111•:; 10523A (DS), Martínez 10524 (UC). Michoacan: Mt. Tancitaro, l('([1'1·111rnrth
&
Hooptral 1163A (F, MO). Morelos: km. 42 on México-Cuernavaca road, Rl'ko & H11/hi11w·r 65 (AÍ.12b . ./rwipl'rus 111011/irnla f. rn111p11ct11 Martínez, Anal. lnst. Biol. México 17:87. 1946; Cuprnrns sahi11oidr•s H.B.K., Nova Gen. et Sp. Pl. 2:3. 4. 1817. T1p1•:
México: Vera Cruz: Cofre de Perote, H11111/w/d1 1111d Bonplands.11. (Holo1.1p1•: P!); ./. 1111 .. rimrrn Sprengel, Svst. Veg. 3:909. 1826; ./. sahi11oid<'s (H.B.K.) Nces, Linnaea 19:706. 1847; ./. .rnhi11oidl's Humboldt jcrroneouslv attrilrntedl in Lindlev and Gordon,
J.
Hort. Suc. 5:202. 1850.Shrubs prostratc with twisted branches furming mats (tu 1 111. high); fuliagt• 1 en densel.v compal'led; angk of branching of ultimate twig 50-60 degrees: mature ultimalt' twigs 5-10 mm. long.
Distri/111lio11: At edgc uf pine furcst tn'l'line (about 3000 111. l'lnation): or abme treeline (alpinc) in muuntain grasslands of Cala11111/!ros1is and Fl's/um. usuallv in roch <:re1·iccs. or un rock1· uutcrops al 3000-4300 (-4500) 111. 1·lc1·ation. On Sit'rra Mojada. Coahuila: Cerro Pelado and A jusrn. Distrito F1·ckral: Nc·1 ado dt' Colima . .Jalisl'o: Pupocatcpetl. lztacl'ihuatl. TI aloe. and N t'I ado dt' Tolul'a. Ml·xit'o; C1·1To Potosi. N u1·1 o León; Malinche. Tlaxcala: and Cofrt' dl' Pnolc'. V<'ra Cruz .. \/,:.rim (Fig. 3).
N 1'/Jr<'Sl'll/111 il'I' S¡)('f'ilfli'llS'.
México: Coahuila: Sierra Mojada. lt.f:.J. jM. E . .Iones! -191 (MO. POM. RSA. US). Distrito Federal: A jusrn. l/<'111111111 :2801 (GH. MSC) . .lalisrn: N t'I ado d<' Colima. /Jri=r1l'la
011 21 (ht. 1961 (ENCB). Mc'·xirn: abon· La .lora sheltl'r. on Ct'rro Amacuilc•catl. litis. l\01p¡u·11. fl1is !OJO (MlCH. MSC. TEX. UC). Nuern León: Ct'rro Potosi. Sch111'iil1·r 96.) (A, ARIZ, F, MICH, MO, NA). Tla.rrnlu: Malinche, B{'(/1111111 2248 (MICH). Vera Cruz: Cofre d .. Pnotc. llor1í111·; 1052-1 (BH. F) and 1052-lh (MO. UC).
12c . ./11111/)('rus monlirnlu L ori;af)('nsis MartÍnl'z. Anal. lnst. Biol. MÍ'xirn 17:91. 1946. T1p<': Mt·xirn: Vl'ra Cruz: Pit'o dt• Orizalia. /. il<' 11. 16:2 (flolot.1¡u·:
BOLETIN DE LA SOCIEDAD BOTANICA DE MEXICO No. 38, 1979
Shrubs (to 1.5 m.) with twisted branches; foliage not tightly compacted; angle of branching of ultimate twig 55-60 degrees; mature ultimate twigs 20-40 mm. lo~g.
Distribution: Alpine habitats at treeline and above treeline, in rocky crevices on Pico
de Orizaba, Sierra Nevada, aríd Cofre de Perote, Vera Cruz; Peña Nevada, Tamaulipas al
3700-4500 m. elevation; also in oak forest near Mineral Catorce, San Luis Potosi al
2850 m. elevation, México (Fig. 3).
Sp1·1·¡,111·11s Lrnmin1•d:
México: San Luis Potosi: Puerto de Cedros, 3 km. E of Mineral de Catorce, R:.l'd01cski 7270 (ENCB). Tamaulipas: Peña Nevada summil, Stan/iml. Lau/J(•r, & Ta1·/or 2571 (DS, RSA). Vera Cruz: Cofre de Perote, Balls 4619 (A, US); Pico de Orizaba, B('(fman
1756 (CH, MSC), Go/ilrth 1 (CS), Sto111· 141 (PH), B('(Jman 2282 (CH, MSC, US),
1\!lartínl':. 10526 (MO, RSA, UC), Touw in S1·pt. 1906 (F), Smith 488 (MO), Balls
4394 (A, UC, US), Li<·bmann 14768 (F, UC), Purpus 3011 (F, MO, UC); Sierra Negra,
/SW of Pico de Ürizaba/, BN1111r111 2519 (CH, MSC. UC).
13 . ./wli¡H·rus pi"'·l101ii Sudw., Pinf'/101 junip,.r, redberr_1· juniper.
./1111i¡H·r11s pi111·!101ii Sudworth. Foresl. & lrrig. 10:204. 1905. T1¡JI': United States: Texas: Randall Counlv: Paloduro Canvon, Clothir·r in :llaL 1905 (Holo1.1p1•:
U.S. 1583659!); Sahina pi11(·/10tii (Sudworlh) l. M. Lewis. Uni1·. Texas Bull.
22:44. 1915; ./. monospr·m1a rnr. ¡Jil/l'hotii (Sudwoéth) Van MellP, Phvlologia
4:29. 1952.
Largc shruh lo small shrubll\· lnT (lo 6 m.). usualh· mulli-branrhed al base forming a broad shrub; bark 1hin. ash1·-gra1-. long inlcr .. onncC'tt'cl slrips: hranches slif( erert to ascending, bark of long narro11 s1·alcs: whip lca1es 11i1h t'longat1·. often ruplured glands. angle branC'hing of ultimal1· twig about 40-50(-60) dl'gn·1·s: scale leaH·s upposile or
lernate. appressed. lriangula1"01·atc, a1·ut1· 1.5-2.5 mm. long. margins finch· loulhed.
gland nol prolruding. l'l·llowish-gn·cn: femalc l'Uíll' wilh sofl juin resinuus pulp, globose
lo 01·oid, 6-8(-10) mm. long. bronze lo clark rt'ddish-lm>1rn 11ith no bloom: seeds 1 (rareh· 2) per rnnc. bruadh 01 alt'. acutt'. small riclg<'s. bro11 n: hilum Sl'ar about une-half leng1h of St't'd. S1umps sproul af'ter burning or 1·utting. Tt'rrninal shools rapiclh elongale
after cutting ur burning produl'ing sknder 11 hips 11 ith spars1· lat1•ral growlh .
./. a1·1hron1r¡m was frequl'nth· rnmhinl'd undl'r ./. /'inr.f10tii. ho11T1Tr e1·idcnee (Adams, 1973. 1975; Zanoni ancl Aclams. 1975. ]976) has indil'alt"d that the old usage of./. pinr.fwtii includes 1wo taxa-.J. 1·T1"thrr,,.ar¡m anrl .f. ¡,inr.f111tii.
