•
The indefinite articles
un
and
una
are used to
say
a
or
an
before a singular noun
•
The indefinite articles
unos
and
unas
are used to say
some
before a plural noun.
•
The indefinite articles can sometimes be left out,
especially when the noun is plural.
In English
,
adjectives generally go before the
nouns they modify.
•
The indefinite articles agree with the noun in
gender and number.
unas mochilas unos libros PLURAL una mochila un libro SINGULAR Feminine Masculine
- ¿Tienes un libro?
- Sí, tengo uno
In Spanish,
adjectives like
¿cuánto?, mucho
and
poco
go before the noun.
•
¿Cuánta tarea tienes?
•
Tengo muchas carpetas.
•
Hay poca tarea hoy.
However, most other adjectives follow the noun they
modify.
•
To talk about amounts of things, use the following
adjectives.
•
These words also agree with the noun they describe
in gender and number.
how much?
¿cuánto(a)?
a lot of, much
mucho(a)
little, not much
poco(a) PLURAL SINGULAR ¿cuántos(as)? how many? muchos(as)
a lot of, many
pocos(as)
•
To talk about amounts of things, use the following
adjectives.
•
These words also agree with the noun they describe
in gender and number.
I have a lot.
– Tengo mucha.
How much homework do you have?
1. Cierto falso 2. Cierto falso 3. Cierto falso 4. Cierto falso 5. Cierto falso 6. Cierto falso
In English
,
we use the verb
to be
to say how old we are,
or to say we’re hungry or thirsty.
I
am
15 years old.
We
are
hungry and thirsty.
In Spanish
,
you use a form of
tener
(to have)
with a
noun in those expressions.
Tengo
15 años.
•
Use the verb
tener
to tell what someone
has
.
•
To conjugate the
yo
form, drop the
-er
ending and add
-go
.
•
To conjugate all the other forms except for
nosotros(as)
and
vosotros(as),
change the
-e
to
-ie
.
tienen Uds., ellos, ellas
tiene Ud., él, ella tenéis vosotros(as) tienes tú tenemos nosotros(as) tengo yo
•
Use the verb
tener
to tell what someone
has
.
•
To conjugate the
yo
form, drop the
-er
ending and add
-go
.
•
To conjugate all the other forms except for
nosotros(as)
and
vosotros(as),
change the
-e
to
-ie
.
¿Tienes un boligrafo?No. Tengo un lápiz.
Do you have a pen? No. I have a pencil.
•
Use
tener que
+ infinitive
to talk about what you have
to do.
Tengo que ir a un ensayo.
I have to go to a rehearsal.
Tengo que comer.
I have to eat.
Tengo que estudiar.
http://www.studyspanish.com/lessons/games/tenexp-sp.htm
An idiom
is an expression that cannot be immediately
understood by analyzing its literal meaning. A few
examples of idioms in English are:
•
to be “on the go”
•
to “play the field”
Spanish also has many idiomatic expressions. Although their literal translations sound odd to English speakers, they sound perfectly natural to native speakers. Here is one example:
Idiom ... Hace mucho frío Literally ... It makes much cold True Meaning ... It is very cold
There are many idiomatic expressions that use the verb tener. This one expresses age:
Idiom ... tener _____ años Literally ... to have _____ years True Meaning ... to be _____ years old
There are many idiomatic expressions that use the verb tener. This one expresses age:
Idiom ... tener _____ años Literally ... to have _____ years True Meaning ... to be _____ years old
When using these idiomatic expressions, conjugate the verb (tener) according to the subject of the sentence.
Yo tengo cinco años. Tú tienes ocho años. Pablo tiene dos años.
tener ganas de
+
infinitive
to feel like doing
something
tener (mucha) hambre
to be (very) hungry
tener (mucha) sed
to be (very) thirsty
tener prisa
to be in a hurry
tener frio
to be cold
tener calor
to be hot
tener sueño
to be sleepy
tener dolor de…
to hurt or be sore
There are also many idiomatic expressions with tener that express sensations more psychological in nature:
tener prisa ... to be in a hurry
tener miedo a/de + noun ... to be afraid of something tener miedo a/de + infinitive ...to be afraid to do something tener celos ...to be jealous
tener confianza ...to be confident tener cuidado ...to be careful tener vergüenza ...to be ashamed
There are other idiomatic expressions with tener as well: tener razón ... to be right
tener éxito ... to be successful tener la culpa ... to be guilty
tener suerte ... to be lucky tener lugar ... to take place tener ganas de ... to feel like
•
The verb venir
means
to come
.
•
In the present tense its endings are like those of
tener, except for the nosotros
and vosotros
forms.
vienen Uds., ellos, ellas
viene Ud., él, ella venís vosotros(as) vienes tú venimos nosotros(as) vengo yo
•
To say at what time something happens, put the
preposition a
before the
time
.
¿A qué hora vienes al colegio? Vengo a las ocho en punto.
¿A qué hora es la clase de álgebra? Es a la una de la tarde.
1. Jorge 2. Juliana 3. Anabel 4. Valentin 5. Marisol, y Chema 6. Gaby
Escuchemos Listen as Marta plays the messages on her answering machine. Type in what time Marta’s friends are coming to her party tonight. Write the times as you would in English with numbers.
Escribamos/Hablemos Give the situations below, use the bus schedule to find the
earliest bus that goes to Chirripó National Forest. Follow the model.
MODELO
Son las once y veinte. Roberto está en San Isidro.
El autobús cincuenta y seis viene a las once y media.
1. Es mediodía. Juan está en San Isidro.
2. Son las nueve en punto. Ángela está en Cartago. 3. Es la una y cuarto. Mónica está en San Isidro. 4. Son las ocho y diez. Antonio está en San José. 5. Son las diez y cinco. Carlos está en Cartago.
6. Son las once menos cuarto. Jorge está en Cartago.
7. Son las nueve y treinta y cinco. Amalia está en San José. 8. Son las nueve y veinticinco. Raúl está en San José.
