MINIATLAS OF MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS : BUILDING A BETTER WORLD

CID

-ca

..

c.a

E...,

::::1

-

·-a:l

==

a:l

...

=

..

·---==

...

a:l

CD

.::::::::I

.

-'

..

.

Public Disclosure Authorized

Public Disclosure Authorized

Public Disclosure Authorized

Public Disclosure Authorized

•i

Millennium

-

Development Goals

Goals

and targets adopted by the United Nations, 2001

Goal 1 Eradicate extreme poverty and

hunger

•

Halve, between 1990 and

2015, the proportion of people

whose income is

l

ess than $1

a

day

•

Halve, between 1990 and

2015, the proportion of people

who suffer from

hunger

Goal 2 Achieve universal primary

education

•

Ensure that, by 2015, children

everywhere, boys and girls

alike, will be able to comp

lete

a full course of primary

schooling

Goal 3 Promote gender equality and

empower women

•

Eliminate gender disparity

in

primary and secondary

education, preferably by 2005,

and in all levels of education

no

later

than 2015

Goal 4 Reduce child mortality

• Reduce

by two-thirds, between

1990 and 2015, the under-five

mortalit

y rate

Goal 5 Improve maternal health

•

Reduce by three-quarters,

between 1990 and 2015,

the maternal mortality ratio

Goal 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria,

and other diseases

• Have

halted by 2015 and

begun to reverse the spread

of

HIV

/AIDS

• Have halted

by 2015 and

begun to reverse the incidence

of malaria and other major

diseases

Goal 7 Ensure environmental

sustainability

•

Integrate the principles of

sustainable development into

country policies and programs

and reverse the loss of

environmental resources

•

Halve by 2015 the proportion

of people without sustainable

access to safe drinking water

and basic sanitation

•

Have achieved by 2020 a

significant improvement in the

lives of at least 100 million

slum dwellers

..

...

~

Goal 8 Develop a global partnership

for development

•

Develop further an open,

rule-based,

predictable,

nondiscriminatory trading

and financial system

(i

ncludes

a commitment to

good governance,

development, and

poverty

reduction - both

nationally and internationally)

•

Address the special needs of

the least developed countries

(i

ncludes tariff- anCJ quota-free

access for exports, enhanced

program of debt relief for and

cancellation of official bilateral

debt, and more generous ODA

for countries committed to

poverty reduction)

•

Address the special needs of

landlocked countries and small

island developing states

(through the Program of Action

for the Sustainable

Development of Small

Island

Developing States and 22nd

General Assembly provisions)

• Deal

comprehensively with the

debt problems of developing

countries through national and

international

measures

'

in order

to make debt sustainable in the

long term

•

In cooperation with

developing

countries, develop and

implement strategies for decent

and productive work for youth

•

In cooperation with

pharmaceutical companies,

provide access to affordable

essential drugs in developing

countries

Other Titles in

the~

Series

. . . .

II

lllllll

IEIILIPIEIT

miniAtlas of Global Development

An at-a-glance guide to the most pressing

development issues facing the world today.

Highlights key social, economic, and

environmental data for 208 of the

world's economies.

ISBN: 0-8213-5596-1

Green miniAtlas

A snapshot, presented in maps and charts, of the

world's most urgent environmental challenges

:

increasing

pollution, the rising demand for energy

and food, declining biodiversity, and the pressure

on water resources.

ISBN: 0-8213-5870-7

Available at better bookstores

To order go to www.worldbank.org/publications

or email: books®worldbank.org

...

;

of Millennium

·

Development Goals

BUilDING A BETTER WORlD

l

II

Copyright

©

2005

The International Bank

for

Reconstruction

and

Development

I

The World Bank

1818 H

Street,

NW

Washington, DC

20433

Telephone

202-473-1000

Int

ernet www.worldbank.o

r

g

E-mail feedback®worldbank.org

All rights reserved.

I

SBN:

0-8213-6175-9

e-

I

SBN:

0-8213-6176-7

978-0-8213-6175-7

Published for the World Bank by

Myriad Editions Limited

6-7

Old Steine, Brighton

BN1 3EJ, UK

www.MyriadEditions.com

Printed

and

bound in Hong Kong

The

findings,

interpretations

, and conclusions expressed

herein

are

those

of

the

author(s) and

do not necessarily reflect the

views

of

the

Board of

Executive Directors

of the

World Bank

or the

governments they

represent. The

World Bank does

not

guarantee

the

accuracy of

the data included

in this work.

The boundaries

, colors,

denominations

, and other

inf

ormation

shown on any

map in this

work

do not imply

any

judgment

on

the part

of

the World Bank

concerning

the legal

stat

u

s of any

territory

or t

h

e endorsement or acceptance of such

boundaries.

Library of

Congress cataloging-in-publication

data has been

app

li

ed

for.

.

~

Goall

Goal2

Goal3

Goal4

GoalS

Goal6

-Goal7

-GoalS

-~

Contents

Preface

..

5

The World

by Region and

In

come Group

6

----Eradicating Poverty and Hunger

8

-

-Poverty

10

Ma

l

nutrition

'

12

-Achieving Universal Primary Education

14

School

Attendance

16

Education Expenditure

18

Promoting Gender Equaljty

20

Equality in Education

22

Equality

in

Employment

24

Reducing Child Mortality

26

Chi

ld

Mortality

28

Immuniz

ation

30

Improving Maternal Health

32

Maternal Mortality

34

Combating Disease

36

HIV

/A

IDS

38

Tuberculosis

40

Ensuring

Water

and

Sanitation

44

Carbon

Dioxide

46

Deve

Int

ernationa

l

Aid

so

Foreign Debt

52

Data Table

54

...

..

~

Preface

The

Millennium Development

Goals are a challenge the global

co

mmunity has

set for itself

.

They are a challenge to poor countries to

demonstrate good governance and a commitment

to

poverty

reduction.

And

they are a challenge to wealthy countries to

make

good on their promise to

support economic and social

development.

The Millennium Development Goals have

captured the world's

attention,

in part because they

can be

measured,

as

this little book

demonstrates.

More important

,

the

goals address our most human

co

ncerns for the welfare of everyone with whom we share this planet.

We are now one third of the way to the target date of 2015, and there

are

100 million fewer people living in

extreme poverty than in 1990.

By 2015, 500

million more will

have

achieved at

least a minimally

acceptable standard

\)f

living-

the greatest decrease in poverty since

the

beginning of the industrial revolution. But

progress

has been

uneven, and

many of the poorest countries, especially in

Africa

,

lag

behind.

Extreme poverty means having less than

$1 to

meet your daily needs.

But

poverty is not measured

in

money

alone.

Poor

people

lack

education, they

l

ack health

care, and they often

live on wasted

lands

or in

city slums. Solving these

problems will

require a substantial

investment in people as well as in

physical

assets. Wealthy countries

ca

n help, not only through their aid programs- which are

important-but also

by opening their

markets

and

by

sharing

knowledge. Most

important of all,

developing countries

must unleash the potential

of

their citizens, empowering them to create a place for themselves and

their chi

ldr

en

in the world.

Fran<;ois Bourguignon

Senior Vice President and Chief Economist

The World Bank Group

THE WORLD BY REGION

Low-and middle-income economies

East Asia and Pacific

Eastern Europe and Central Asia • Latin America and

Caribbean • Middle East and

North Africa • South Asia • Sub-Saharan Africa

High-income economies

OECD

other

no data

- - - --

y ,_

C a n • d a

United States

6

8

: .. r

0

B~rmudo (UK)

•

,,

~

~=nd

I

Fo~r~ls. (Den}

,Unil~d

IW,)gdom

l"la~

}

...,,

\

{l)I!J -J"-"""'1oBel().iU Chonn~lls.(UK)

..

.

:

ion

T

he World Bank's main

criterion

for classifying

economies is

gross

national income

(CNI)

per

capita.

Every

economy

is

classified

as low

income,

middle income, or high

income.

Low-income

economies

are

those with a CNI per capit

a

of

$765

or

less

in 2003. Middle-income economies

are those with a

CNI

per

capita of more than $765 but less than

$9,386.

High-income

eco

nomies are those with a CNI per capita of $9,386

or

more.

Low-

and middle-income economies are sometjmes refe

J

red to

as

developing economies.

Geographic regions used in this atlas include only low- and middle-income economies

Au s t r a I i a

~

/ '

New

1..

\

Zealand

...

;

Goall

Eradicating

Poverty and Hunger

T

he Millennium Development Goals call

for a reduction in the proportion of

people

living on less than $1 a day to

half

the

1990 level by 2015. There has

been

remarkable

progress. Since

1990

extreme

poverty

in developing countries

has

fallen

fr

om 28 percent to 21 percent in

2001.

I

f current p

r

oject

i

ons

of

econo

mic

growth

are

met,

g

l

oba

l

poverty

wi

ll

fall to 10 percent

by 2015. And wh

il

e

poverty would

not be

eradicated,

that

wou'

ld

bring

us much

closer

to the

day

whe

n

we

ca

n

say

th

a

t

all

the

wor

ld

's

peop

l

e

h

ave at

l

east

the bare

minimum to meet their daily

needs

.

The

Goals a

l

so ca

ll f

o

r

a

halving

of

the

propo

r

t

i

on of peop

l

e

who suffer from

hunger

between

1990

a

nd

2015.

Hunger

and

ma

lnu

tr

i

t

i

on ofte

n

go

with poverty

,

but even

where

poverty

r

ates a

r

e fa

llin

g,

hundreds

of

millions of peop

l

e

do

n

ot obta

in

e

nough food

to

meet their daily needs

,

a

nd millions more

c

hildren

are

malnourished

.

P

ove

rt

y a

nd hunger

will

remain

w

h

e

r

eve

r

poor

h

ea

lth

and

lack

of ed

u

cat

i

o

n

deprive people of productive

emp

l

oy

m

e

nt

; e

nvir

o

nm

e

ntal r

eso

urces have

been dep

l

eted o

r

spo

il

ed;

and

co

rruption,

conf

l

ict, a

nd mi

sgove

rn

a

n

ce

waste

public

resources a

nd

discourage private

investment.

Child

malnutrition

This

is not

only

the

result

of

poor diet,

but

of

disease,

lack

of care,

and

poverty.

EXTREME POVERTY

%of people

livi

ng on

less

than $1 a day

PPP$

1995-2003

•

over 50%

•

26%-50%

•

11

%-25%

~

1990

CJ

200

1

POVERTY TRENDS

%of

peop

l

e

li

ving

on

l

ess than $

1

a

day

PPP$

7

990-200

1

10% and under

no data

\1

~r

Worldwid

e

1

.

1 b

ill

ion people

were living on

less than $1 a da

y

in 2001

t

Sub-Saharan Africa

313 million peopl

e

were living in p

o

vert

y

in 2001

1

%

4

%

-

D

Latin America

Eastern Europe

1

0

&

Car

i

bbean

&

Central Asia

...

.

.

~

q_

!

T

he percentage of people living in extreme povert

y

ha

s

fallen

fastest in Asia, notably in China and India. In the rest of the

de

veloping world, poverty rates have increased

O

l

fallen only

s

lightly.

Russi an

2

%

2

%

45

%

1

46

%

1

..--:::::1 c::::l

Middle East

Sub-Saharan

&

North Africa

Africa

41

%

South Asia

China ~

Percentage of people

living on less than $1 a day

1990: 33

%

2001

:

17

%

\

·~:

~

East A

s

ia

&

Pacific

11

.

.

,;

MALNOURISHED CHILDREN

%of chi

ldren under five years

who are

malnourished

7995-2003

•

over 30%

•

21%-30%

1

%-

10

%

•

11

%-20%

no data

~

Chile: '

around

1990

l::]

around 2000

MALNUTRITION TRENDS

%

; ;

en

under five

yea

r

s

~

,

w

h

o

are

malnourished

~

7 99

()--2000

'"

\

12

1

0

%

8

%

D

Latin

America

o

&

Caribbean

..

.

~

7%

D

Ea

s

tern

Europe

&

Central Asia

Malnutrition

M

alnutrition rates among children under five

years of age

in

the developing world fell from 47 percent

in 1970 to

27

percent in 2000. Even

so,

150

million children

.

in

low-

and

middle-income

economies are

still

malnourished .

Russian Federation

8

%

Middle

East

&

North Africa

32

%

:

1

30

%

Sub-Saharan

Africa

South Asia

'

)

.,.

25

%

of children

in developing countries

are malnourished

East

Asia

&

Pacific

(

...

-,_

'

Samoa<:» '

•

_Vanuatu

_i

I

-....__/

·.•!:\

13

..

.

~

Goal2

Achieving Universal

Primary Education

E

ducation is the foundation of democratic

societies

and globally competitive

economies.

It is the basis for reducing poverty

and

inequality, improving health, enabling

the

use of new technologies, and creating

an

d spreading knowledge. In an increasingly

co

mplex, knowledge-dependent world,

primary

education, as the gateway to higher

levels

of education, must be the first priority.

S

in

ce

1990 the

cou

ntr

ies of

the

wor

ld

have ca

ll

ed for a

ll

J

c

hild

ren

to

be ab'le

to

c

omp

l

ete primary sc

h

oo

l,

but more than

100

million

ch

il

dren of

primary-school

age

r

e

main

out of schoo

l,

most

of

them in South

Asia and

Sub-Saharan

Africa, a

nd

t

h

e

m

ajor

it

y

o

f them are gir

l

s.

To

r

eac

h

the Millennium

Development Goa

l

s by 2015, sc

h

oo

l

systems

with

low

comp

l

etion

rates

wi

II

need

to

start

now to trai

n

teac

h

ers

,

bu

il

d c

l

ass

r

ooms,

a

nd improve the

qua

lit

y of educatio

n. Th

ey

wi

ll

a

l

so

have to

remove bar

ri

e

r

s

to

a

tte

n

dance

,

such as fees a

nd l

ack of

tr

a

nsportation

,

and address pare

n

ts' co

n

ce

rn

f

or t

h

e safety of their c

hil

dre

n.

Universal enrollment

50

developing

countries

had met the goal by

2003;

7

were on track to meet

the

goal

by 2015;

58

risk missing the goal;

39

lack adequate data to

monitor progress.

PRIMARY EDUCATION

%of chi

ldr

en comp

l

eting

primary educat

i

o

n

2000-2003

95% a

nd

over

75%-94%

•

50%-74%

$11»

1

990

1::::1

2000-2003

•

under

50%

n

o da

t

a

COMPLETION TRENDS

%of

c

hildr

e

n

co

mpl

e

tin

g

prim

ary educat

ion

19

90--2003

16

Iceland

t

Boys dropping out

The percentage

of boys completing primary

school has recently declined

in the Middle East

~,

&

North Africa

Middle East

&

North Africa

..

...

School Attendance

I

n

many

areas of the world more than 90 percent of all children

complete primary school.

In

the Middle East, Africa, and

Sout

h Asia, rates

are

lower

but

have

improved since 1990.

Girls

lo

se

out

Fewer than 50% of girls

in Africa complete

primary school

;Q

%

B

Sub-Saharan

Africa

South

Asia

17

,··

\:--sl

SPENDING ON EDUCATION

Public expenditure per student as% of GOP per capita

1998-2002

lcdand

20% and over

15%-19%

• 10%-14%

• under 10%

no data

Cubi"

\\,

~

. . od11nican St Kfifs ~__.B~p ..

a

Nevis.,~Oominica

~lize ' -~ ~ St. Vincent and

~ ... Jama1ca St.lucia~theGrcnadines

-'=

1990

1::::1

2000-2002

LITERACY TRENDS

%of people age 15-24

who are I iterate

1

99G-2002

18

• Barbados .Trinidad and Tobago

,

..

~

73%

87%

Middle East

&

North Africa

..

-..:

Education Expenditure

T

o

increase enrollment and provide better education,

school

systems

have to invest in training teachers

and

improving

facilities.

But many poor countries already

spend a substantial

share

of their CDP on education.

•

67

%

.

1

80

%

Sub-Saharan

Africa

Vanuatu

e

South Asia

---~~.

S.moo

•

)

Fiji

••

Tonga

.-:.!:'·

-~

...

·.. .

.

.

•e:

_,

_..

\·

Now \ .

-~'

..

..

:

Goal3

Promoting

Gender Equality

G

ender inequality starts early and keeps

women at a disadvantage throughout

their

lives. In some countries, infant girls

are

less likely to survive than infant boys

because

of parental discrimination and

neglect.

Girls are more likely to drop out

of

school and to receive less education

than

boys because the economic value of

their

work at home exceeds the perceived

value

of

schooling.

But when a country

educates

both its boys and its girls, economic

productivity

tends to rise, maternal and

infant

mortality rates usually fall, fertility

rates decline, and the health and education

prospects of the next generation improve.

Thre

e

regions

l

ag

behind

in providing

girls

full

access

to

prim

a

r

y

and secondary

sc

h

oo

l

:

South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and

the

Middle East

a

nd N

o

rth

Africa.

But

countr

i

es wit

h

the

w

id

est ge

nder

gaps

have

made

progress,

a

nd

renewed

effo

rts

to get

all chi

ldr

en

into

school will create

more

opportun

iti

es

for

gi

rls

.

Th

at

i

s

not

all

that is

needed. Empowering women

means having

an eq

u

a

l

voice in

a

ll d

ec

isions

which affect

the

ir liv

es:

in the family, in the

marketplace

,

and

in

gove

rnm

e

nt.

Seals

in national

governments

Only 15% were held by

women in 2003, hardly

any improvement on

the 13% in 1990.

s

jl

•

'

GIRLS IN SCHOOL

Gender parity index

in primary and secondary education

2002 or

l

atest

ava

il

ab

l

e

data

•

over

100

91 - 100

81-90

!r'

GIRLS IN SCHOOL

• 71-80 • 70 and under

no data

Gender parity index in primar and secondary education

Iii

2000

-200

1

or

lat

est available

dat

a

~

•'

A value less than 100 indicates that girls ;,e

~

under represented in primary and secondary school.

22

84

low-income

economies

..

-..:

Equalit in Education

0

ver

the past decade, gender difference in school

attendance

has been greatly reduced, but many girls still do not have

equal

access to education. The difference is greatest in regions

with

the lt;?west overall

primary

completion

rates

and the lowest

incomes

Russian Federation

-~

Samoae Vanuatue ~ji •Tonga

--)

,

..

\

98

101

New \..

Middle-income

economies

High-income

economies

•

./'

WAGE EMPLOYMENT

Women in wage employment

in non-agricultural sector as% of men

2000-2003

• 50% and over

40%-49%

~-Women's share of the

labor market increased

from 39% to 43%

between 1990 and 2002

WAGE EMPLOYMENT

• 20%-29%

• under 20%

Women in wage employment

in non-agricultural sector as% of men

2000-200

3

24

t

latin America & Caribbean

'*' -...:

46%

Eastern Europe & Central Asia

Equality in EmQior-ment

₁

W

age

employment

in

modern

sectors

of the economy

offers

greater security and access to other

social and economic

benefits.

Women typically occupy

low-paid

,

low-s

!

atus

jobs, or

work

in famiJv enterprises.

18%

South Asia

39%

East Asia & Pacific

46%

High-income economies

Vanuatu

e

Kiribati

Tob:lou(NZ)

Tuvalu

•

eSamoa Fiji

F~nche

Polyn~sio(Fr)

:-.~

~

..

-.•.

r- .

lpmon .. Islands

N•w \ .

.:?'

"""

...

.

Goal4

Reducing

Child Mortality

E

very year almost 11 million children in

developing countries die before the age

of

five, most from causes that are readily

preventable

in rich countries: acute

respiratory

infections, diarrhea, measles,

and

malaria. Rapid improvements before

1990 gave

hope that mortality rates for

infants and

children under five could be

cut

by two-thirds in the following 25 years.

Progress

slowed a

lmost

everyw

here in the

1990s.

Only

two

regions

-

Latin

America

and the Caribbean

,

and

Eastern Europe and

Central Asia -

may be on track to achieve

the

target. Progress

h

as

been particularly

slow

in

Sub-Saharan

Africa, where civil

disturbances and the

HIV/AIDS epidemic

have driven

up rates

of

infant and child

deaths. According

to the most recent

data,

only 33 countries are

making

enoug

h

progress

to

reduce under-five mortality rates to

one-third of

their 1990 level

and

save the

lives

of

millions

of chi

l

dren.

Improvements

in

water supply

,

sanitation, and access

to

health

services are

needed to make faster progress.

Child mortality

Almost half of

all deaths of children

under five occur in

Sub-Saharan Africa.

CHILD DEATHS

Expected

n

umber of deaths of chi

l

d

r

e

n

u

n

de

r

five

pe

r 1

,000

c

h

i

l

dren

2002-2003

•

2

00

a

nd

ove

r

1

50-

1

99

•

50-99

[

1

00- 149

United

!''

1

990

2003

MORTALITY TRENDS

Exp

ec

t

e

d numb

e

r

o

f d

ea

th

s

of

c

hildr

e

n un

de

r fi

ve

per 1

,0

0

0 c

hil

dre

n

1

99G-2003

2

8

u

nde

r

50

no

d

ata

Low-income

economies

.

.

Middle-income

economies

Child

Mortan

M

o

rtality rates for children under five in developing

countries

have dropped by 16 percent

since

1990. Yet

30,000

children die each day, most from preventable causes,

and almost

half of them in Sub-Saharan Africa.

•

Russian Fr:deration

Maldiv(si

Some

causes

of

child mortality

Acute respiratory infections: 19%

Diarrhea: 17%

Malaria:

8%

Measles:

4%

HIV

/

AIDS: 3

%

Kiribati

•

Fiji

e

Samoa

e

eTonga

\

10

7

N<w \ .

c:l

High-income

economies

•

z~aland,

IMMUNIZATION

%of children under 12 months immunized against measles

2003

90% and over

75%-89%

60%- 74%

---• under 60%

no data

%of children under 12 months

immunized against measles

19

90-

2003

30

t

Latin America

&

Caribbean

...

:

Middle East

&

North Africa

1mmu ... : ...

..

T

he incidence of measles is on the decline in developing

countries.

Yet measles continues to strike 30 million children

a

year,

killing more than 600,000, and sometimes resulting in

blindness or deafness.

Russian Federation

Sub-Saharan

Africa

South Asia

East Asia

&

Pacific

Marshall---...._ Islands

• Kiribati

•

Fiji

~m~

e

)

• eronga

·--

---:.~

.·

New \..

_;;;'

~

...

.

GoalS

Improving

Maternal Health

W

orldwide, more than 50 million women

suffer

from serious pregnancy-related

illn

ess

and

disability. And every year more

th

an

500,000

women die from complications

of

pregnancy

and childbirth. What makes

maternal

mortality

such

a compelling problem

is

that

it

strikes young

women experiencing

a natural function

of life. They die because

they are poor,

malnourished, or weakened

by disease, and

e

x

posed to multiple

pregnancies.

And they die because they

la

ck

access to

trained health care workers

and modern

medical facilities.

Death

in

c

hildbirth is a rare event

in

rich

cou

ntries

,

where

there

are

typically fewer

th

an

15 mat

e

rnal deaths for

eve

ry

100,000

li

ve

births.

But in the poorest

cou

ntries

of

Afr

i

ca

and

Asia the rate may be 100 times

hi

g

h

e

r

.

And

because women in poor countries

h

ave

more

chi

ldr

en,

their

lifetime

risk of

maternal death may be more than 200 times

greate

r than that for women in rich co

untries.

Th

e

r

e

is some

ev

id

ence of

progress. More

wome

n have

access

to reproductive

health

serv

ic

es,

and in many places births are

more

lik

e

l

y

to be

atte

nd

ed

by trained

health

staff.

But

few

countries are now on track to achieve

this Millennium Development Goal.

A

woman:S risk of death from pregnancy

Sub·Saharan Africa:

1 in 16

North America:

1 in

3,500

MATERNAL DEATHS

N

u

mber

of women w

h

o

die

i

n

p

r

egnancy o

r

c

h

i

ld

b

ir

t

h

per 100,000

li

ve

birth

s

2000

•

1

,000 and ove

r

50- 99

•

500- 999

und

e

r

50

MATERNAL

DEATHS

Numb

e

r

of wo

m

e

n

w

h

o

di

e

in pr

eg

n

a

n

cy o

r

c

hild

b

ir

t

h

p

e

r 1

00,000

li

ve

b

irth

s

2000

34

Birth

attended

by skilled

health personnel

South

Asia:

36

%

Europe and Central

Asia: 96

%

latin

America

&

Caribbean

.-

...

~

in 2002

58

c::::l

Eastern Europe

&

Central Asia

Maternal

N

inety-nine

percent of maternal deaths occur in developing

countries,

with more than half occurring in Africa. In many

poor

African

countries, one mother dies for every 1.00

children

born

.

Russian F~d~ration

Samoa

e

Fiji

•

...! ..

'

162

916

567

New \..

./'

D

Middle

East

&

North Africa

Sub-Saharan

Africa

South

Asia

East

Asia

Goal6

Combating

Disease

E

pidemic

diseases exact a huge toll in

human suffering and lost opportunities

for

development.

Poverty, armed conflict,

and natural disasters contribute to the spread

of

disease

and are made worse by it.

HJV

/AIDS,

tuberculosis, and malaria are

among the world's biggest killers. Effective

pre

vention

and treatment programs will save

liv

es,

reduce

poverty, and help economies

de

velop.

In

Africa

the spread of

HIV

/

AIDS

has reversed

decades of improvements

in life

expectancy

and left mill

i

ons of c

hildr

e

n

orphaned.

It

is

draining the supp

l

y of

teachers and eroding

the quality of education.

There

are

300-500

million

cases

of

malaria

each yea

r

,

l

ea

ding

to

more than

1

million

deaths. Nearly a

ll

the

cases

(a

lmost

90

percent)

occur in

Sub-Sa

h

aran Africa, and

most

deaths

from malaria are among chi

ldr

e

n

you

nger

than

five

years

old.

Tuberculosis

kills

some 2

million

people

a yea

r

,

most of

them 1

5-45

yea

rs

old.

The

disease is spreadi

n

g

more

r

ap

idly

because of

the

emerge

nce

of

drug-resistant strains of

tuberculosis;

the

spread of

HIV

/A

IDS,

which

reduces resista

n

ce; a

n

d

the

grow

ing number

of

refugees and

displaced people

.

Economic impact

Malaria is estimated

to slow economic

growth in Sub-Saharan

Africa by 1.3 percentage

points a year.

PREVALENCE OF HIV

Prevalence of HIV in adult population

ages 15-49 years

2003

• 20.0% and over

• 10.0%-19.9%

PREVALENCE OF HIV

Prevalence of HIV in

people age 15-49 years

200

3

38

0.5%-0.9%

under 0.5%

t

Low.income

economies

..

.

.

:

HIV/AIDS

A

IDS is

the leading cause of death in Sub-Saharan Africa and

the fourth-largest

killer worldwide. Almost 40 million people

a

re

living

with 1-;i

i

V/A

ID

S, and the disease poses an u

g

precedented

p

ublic

hei\lt~,

e

1=

onomic

,

and

s

ocial challen

ge

.

Middle·income

economies

0.4%

D

High-income

economies

Rep. of~ Korea

n d o\ e s i a

"

\

..

!~

··

v

Pajfu:"

"~

~~ ~

..

Guinta ··~

Au s t r a I i a

Ntw

Zealand

United States

~·r

~

/ B"m"do{UK}

.

,-'-'

T~( ~fhamas , rusr~~f:ls.

(US)

M~x

1c0

-.-,:.!..

~

·

)--

_

J

•Antigua and Barbuda

Cub.il Do'!1iinican

SLK.tts

, ·

Coymants--'filXJ

~ ~

~

· ~ N~vis...:>

~

-Oo~~tf;cent.and

~

elize

Jamaica Haiti <:::St.

lucia~

.

. the Grenadmes

~

~

0

uras Nerh · Barbados

Guatemala

~

'

,.- Ant"lles (Neth}

6

G

~d

a,,

rinidad and Tobago El

S~~~a

d

r~~~

t

1

;e

Y:,.

.._}

-71

_

-

·

~-..._

Costa Rica - . _ R. B. de~uyana

f \(enezuela •

Panama

1

990

-CJ

2

00

3

-TUBERCULOSIS TRENDS

In

c

i

d

e

n

c

e of d

i

s

ea

s

e

p

e

r

100

,

000 p

e

op

l

e

1

990-

2

0

03

4

0

Latin America

&

Caribbean

Eastern Europe

&

Central Asia

..

--.:

Middle East

&

North Afric

a

Tubercu

T

uberculosis kills around 1.7 million people a year.

It

is the

main cause of death from a single infectious agent among

adults in developing countries. The rate of new cases is highest

in Africa, whe

_

re

TB

att

a

c

k

s

tho

se

infected

wit

h HI

V

.

Russian Federation

154

11

35

3

Sub-Saharan

Africa

~

_Maldives

179

11

179

South

Asia

154

1

1

143

East Asia

&

Pacific

Mar1ha~---,

Islands

1N.Mariano

I

! (US} f Guam(US)

! Palau

Au s t r a I i a

Kiribati

American )

Samoo(US) S..m"'

fijiTonga /

F11:nch 1 Polynffia(Fr)

N•w

Zealand

~ ~·

Goal7

Ensuring Environmental

Sustainability

S

ustainable

development can be ensured

only

by protecting the environment and

usin

g

its

resources wisely. Poor people,

often dependent on natural resources for

their

livelihood,

are the most affected by

en

viro

nmental degradation and natural

di

sasters,

the effects

of which are worsened

by

enviro

nmental mismanagement.

Although

many

co

untri

es

have

adopted

prin

c

iples

of sustainab

le

development and

agreed to

international

accords

on protecting

the

env

ironment

,

l

and

is

still being degraded.

For

ests

are

being lost and fisheries overused,

plant

a

nd

an

im

al

species are becoming

extinct,

and carbon emiss

ions

are leading

to

cl

im

ate c

hange

.

Rich and

poor

cou

ntri

es

alike

have

a

stake in

using

enviro

nm

enta

l

resources wisely.

Good policies a

nd

eco

nomi

c

growth, which

improve peop

l

e's

li

ves, ca

n

improve

the

enviro

nm

e

nt.

The MDGs a

l

so ca

ll

for

improvements in

the built env

ir

onme

nt. Th

e

world may achieve

the

target for access

to water services,

but

improveme

nt in

basic sanitation services

has been

slow

,

and

slums are growing as

more peop

l

e

move into urban areas.

Improved water supplies

in developing countries

Percentage of people

with access:

1990: 72%

2002: 79%

WATER ACCESS

%of population with access to

improved water source

2002

• 100% • 40%-59%

• under 40%

%of population with access

to improved water source

and sanitation

79

90-2002, 7990-2002

44

latin America &

Caribbean

~

....

.

~

Sub-Saharan

Africa

Water and

A

ccess

to safe drinking water and basic

sanitation

has

increased,

but

in 2002 1.1 billion people

still

lacked access to a

r

eliable source of water that was reasona_!>ly pro

t

ected

from

contaminat

l

~"'

ill

and 2.4 billio

ll'

people

we

re

s

t

ill

::..i

n need of

--..

~

.

A

•

,

,'~

~

a

••

:.tinn

services.

Mauritius

•

South Asia

/.'fi

:;;----~

\'" • ds

· ' . • Kiribati

·;N.Manana

e

. ls.(US}

'

Gu~m(US)

: ePalau Samoa.

~

Vanuatu

e

J

;~::ch

•

, • ., Polynesia (Fr) ·

Phi,i

~

---~

.

~'If_

·.

Fc:derat:~

~ate~

·

East Asia

&

Pacific

ofMicronesra

EMISSIONS

Emissions of carbon dioxide (C0

2)

metric tons per capita

2000

•

1

5.0

and over

10.0

-

14

.9

•

1.0

-

4.9

• under 1.0

Emissions of carbon dioxide metric tons per capita

7

990-

2000

4

6

Fa~roe/s.

(~"'

11::::1

Low-income

economie

s

...

.

.

Carbon D

E

mi

s

sions of carbon dioxide (C0

2),

a greenhouse gas that

c

ontributes to global climate change, have increased in most

regio

n

s

. But

,

h

i

gh-income economies rem

ai

n the largest

c.a

·

rbon dioxide.

3.6

3.2

D

Middle-income

economies

High-income

economies

Kiribati

•

American

Samoo(USJ

Samoaee

~i .;onga

Frenche

New Po/ynt:s/0 {Fr] '

Ca/Monia{Fr]

,.

....

~~

Goal8

Developing

a Global Partnership

W

hat

will it take to achieve the

Millennium Development Goals? A lot.

E

conomies need to grow to provide jobs and

i

n

comes

for poor people. Health and

edu

c

ation systems

must deliver services to

eve

ry

one:

men

and

women, rich and poor.

I

nfrastructure has to work and be accessible

to

all. And

policies need to empower people

t

o

participate

in the development process.

While

success

depends on the actions of

de

ve

loping countries,

which must direct their

own

development, there

is also much that

rich

countries

must do to help. This is what

Go

a

l 8 is for- it complements

the first seven.

Goa

l

S ca

ll

s fo

r

a

n op

e

n

,

rule-b

a

sed trading

an

d f

in

a

n

c

i

a

l

sys

t

e

m

,

mor

e

generous aid

to

c

ou

n

tr

i

es co

mmitt

e

d to poverty reduction

,

an

d re

l

ief

f

o

r th

e

d

e

bt problems of developing

count

ri

es

. It dr

a

w

s at

t

e

ntion

to the problems

o

f the

l

east

d

e

v

e

lop

e

d

c

ountries and of

l

and

l

oc

k

e

d

co

untri

e

s and small-island

d

evelop

in

g sta

t

e

s

,

which

have

greater difficulty

compet

in

g

in th

e g

lob

a

l economy.

It

also calls

f

or coo

p

e

r

at

i

o

n with the private sector

to

address yo

uth un

e

mployment

,

ensure access

t

o affor

d

a

bl

e, e

ss

e

ntial

drugs

,

and

make

availab

l

e

th

e

b

e

n

e

fits of

new information

and

comm

uni

ca

ti

o

n

t

ec

hnologies.

Official development

assistance to developing

countries reached

$78.6 billion in 2004,

its highest level ever.

This represents a 4.6%

increase

over

2003.

GIVING AND RECEIVING

Net value of aid and development assistance

US$ per capita

2003

Aid received:

• over $100

• $51-$100

$50 and under

50

Aid donated:

• over $100

• $51-$100 $50 and under

t

Belgium

,.

....

~.

I

O

fficial development assistance

(ODA)

is provided by the

richest countries to the poorest. Through much of the 1990s

ODA

levels fell. Since 2002 donors have pledged to

,

ncrease aid

by

$20

billion

a year in 2006 and to provide mor:e than $100

biHi

9n a

yea

~

by 2010.

But

new commitments

₁₁

"fill

meet only a

fraction

of the

need.

~

~,

)

:.

.

·.~ ·::

.

.

·-::

0.24

0.23

0.20

0.17

0.15

DDDDD

a

France

United

Germany Canada

Spain

Kingdom

Japan

Italy

United

States

,

..

\

'

FOREIGN DEBT

Debt service as% of exports

of goods and services for low-and

middle-income economies

2003

or

latest available data

• 50% and over

• 25%- 49%

Debt service as % of exports

of goods and services for

low-and middle-income eco

1994

-2003

52

under 10%

t

Latin

America

&

Caribbean

..

....~

Eastern Europe

&

Central Asia

D

ebt service

measures the relative burden

on

developing

cou

ntries of their external debt. In many countries,

export

earn

ings,

by

which debtor countries

-

acquire the

c.urrencies

to

pay

their creditors,

have been rising, while debt

service

has

grown

more

;J

owly, reducing their debt b

Russian Federation

Middle

East

&

North

Africa

Sub-Saharan

Africa

South

Asia

Samoa 8

Fiji

e

~onga

.~: .:~..

.

East Asia