• No se han encontrado resultados

TIME OF REACTION AND TIME OF EXECUTION IN GOALKEEPER OF FOOTBALL CATEGORY SUB-15

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "TIME OF REACTION AND TIME OF EXECUTION IN GOALKEEPER OF FOOTBALL CATEGORY SUB-15"

Copied!
9
0
0

Texto completo

(1)

TIME OF REACTION AND TIME OF EXECUTION IN GOALKEEPER OF FOOTBALL

CATEGORY SUB-15

Fernando Maureira !"#$%#&'(")*%(+&+#&,)-($.+(+#/&0&1+)"(".2$3&4$.5#6/.+(+&7$%#6$(".!$(*&8193&8($%.(:!;&<=.*#3 &&&&<!66#/>!$+#$".(?&'#6$($+!&@()6#.6(3&1A-(.*?&-()6#.6(B#6$($+!C0(=!!3#/& V. Valentina Bahamondes !"#$%#& #>(6%(-#$%!&+#&1+)"(".2$&'D/."(;& #>!6%#/&0&E#"6#(".2$3 Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación <!66#/>!$+#$".(?&F(*#$%.$(&G(=-!$+#/3&3&1A-(.*?&5H(=(-!$+#/C=!%-(.*3"!-&& Barbara Jesam I."#$".(+(&#$&1+)"(".2$&'D/."(3&4$.5#6/.+(+&@#%6!>!*.%($(&+#&<.#$".(/&+#&*(&1+)"(".2$3& 8($%.(:!;&<=.*#3& Ricardo López I."#$".(+!&#$&1+)"(".2$&'D/."(3&4$.5#6/.+(+&@#%6!>!*.%($(&+#&<.#$".(/&+#&*(& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&1+)"(".2$3&8($%.(:!;&<=.*#3& Resumen

Introducción y objetivos: El puesto de arquero de futbol demanda una buena

capaci-+(+&>#6"#>%.5(;&5#*!".+(+&+#&6#("".2$&0&+#&#J#")".2$3&I(&K$(*.+(+&+#&#/%#&#/%)+.!&#/&

evaluar la velocidad de reacción y de ejecución para estímulos visuales en arqueros

/)HALM&+#&+!/&"*)H#/&+#>!6%.5!/&+#&8($%.(:!&+#&&<=.*#3& Método: 8#&#5(*)(6!$&N&(6O)#6!/&/)HALM&PLQ;R&S&R;NT&(U!/&+#&#+(+V&NR;M&S&T;NW&X:&VL;NY& S&R;RN&-%/Z3&<(+(&)$!&6#".H.2&+!"#&*($[(-.#$%!/&+#&)$&H(*2$&+#&B\%H!*&6#(*.[(+!/&>!6& )$(&-]O).$(&)H."(+(&WM&-#%6!/&+#&*(&[!$(&+#&"(D+(3&<(+(&+#>!6%./%(&+#HD(&.$%#6 -"#>%(6&#*&H(*2$&#$&(*:)$(&+#&*(/&Q&[!$(/;&-.+.#$+!&/)&5#*!".+(+&+#&6#("".2$&0&#J#") -".2$&B6#$%#&(*&#/%.-)*!&5./)(*3

Resultados: Los porcentajes en la decisión de la zona de caída del balón fueron de un

LRR^&#$&*(&[!$(&.[O).#6+(;&+#6#"=(&0&(+#*($%#3&I(&[!$(&+#&(%6]/&>6#/#$%(&)$&B(**!&+#& MR^3&I!/&%.#->!/&+#&6#("".2$&0&+#&#J#")".2$&-)#/%6($&+.B#6#$".(/&/.:$.K"(%.5(/&#$%6#& *!/&(6O)#6!/&P>_R;RR`V&>_R;RRL&6#/>#"%.5(-#$%#Z3&I(&5#*!".+(+&+#&6#("".2$&>!6&[!$(/;& -)#/%6($&+.B#6#$".(/&/.:$.K"(%.5(/&P>_R;RLWZ3&

Conclusiones: La velocidad de reacción y de ejecución es diferente entre los

arque-ros, existiendo una relación entre el tiempo de ejecución y los días de entrenamiento

/#-($(*#/3&

Palabras claves: Percepción visual, tiempo de reacción, tiempo de ejecución, arquero

+#&B\%H!*3

!"#$%&'"&(")**!+,&-& !"#$%&'"&"."**!+,&",&

)(/0"(%1&'"&23 4%5&*) "6%(7)&10489:&

El Físico de Chile !"#$%&'()*!+,!-./,*$012&03.! UMCE

!"#$%&'()*(+,

-*'

./0#12,

(2)

!"#$%&'()*(+,

-*'

./0#12,

54

Abstract

Introduction and objectives:& a=#& :!(*X##>#6b/& >!/.%.!$& !B& B!!%H(**& +#-($+/& (& :!!+&

>#6"#>%.5#&"(>(".%0;&/>##+&!B&6#("%.!$&($+&!B&#c#")%.!$3&a=#&>)6>!/#&!B&%=./&/%)+0&./&%!& #5(*)(%#&%=#&/>##+&!B&6#("%.!$&($+&!B&#c#")%.!$&B!6&5./)(*&/%.-)*.&.$&:!(*X##>#6&/)HALM& !B&%d!&/>!6%/&"*)H/&!B&8($%.(:!&!B&<=.*#3 Method:N&:!(*X##>#6/&/)HALM&d#6#&#5(*)(%#+&PLQ;R&S&R;NT&0#(6/&!B&(:#V&NR;M&S&T;NW&X:V& L;NY&S&R;RN&-%/Z3&1("=&!$#&6#"#.5#+&%d#*5#&*()$"=#/&!B&(&H(**&!B&B!!%H(**&6#(*.[#+&H0&(& *!"(%#+&-("=.$#&WM&-#%#6/&!B&%=#&[!$#&!B&B(**3&15#60&/>!6%/-($&=(+&%!&.$%#6"#>%&%=#&H(**& .$&/!-#!$#&!B&Q&[!$#/;&-#(/)6.$:&=./&/>##+&!B&6#("%.!$&($+&#c#")%.!$&!>>!/.%#&%!&%=#& 5./)(*&/%.-)*)/3& Results:&a=#&>#6"#$%(:#/&.$&%=#&+#"./.!$&!B&%=#&[!$#&!B&B(**&!B&%=#&H(**&d#6#&LRR&^&.$&%=#& *#B%;&6.:=%&[!$#&($+&B!6d(6+3&a=#&[!$#&!B&H#=.$+&>6#/#$%/&(&B(.*)6#&!B&MR&^3&a=#&%.-#/& !B& 6#("%.!$& ($+& !B& #c#")%.!$& /=!d& /.:$.K"($%& +.BB#6#$"#/& H#%d##$& %=#& :!(*X##>#6/& P>_R;RR`V&>_R;RRL&6#/>#"%.5#*0Z3&a=#&/>##+&!B&6#("%.!$&B!6&[!$#/;&%=#0&/=!d&/.:$.K"($%& +.BB#6#$"#/&P>_R;RLWZ3 Conclusions:&a=#&/>##+&!B&6#("%.!$&($+&!B&#c#")%.!$&%=#0&(6#&+.BB#6#$%&H#%d##$&%=#&:!( -*X##>#6/;&#c./%.$:&(&6#*(%.!$&H#%d##$&%=#&%.-#&!B&#c#")%.!$&($+&%=#&d##X*0&+(0/&!B&%6(.$.$:3 Keywords: 5./)(*&>#6"#>%.!$;&%.-#&!B&6#("%.!$;&%.-#&!B&#c#")%.!$;&:!(*X##>#6&!B&B!!%H(**3 Introducción

El puesto de arquero de fútbol es demandante de atributos diferentes al resto de sus

"!->(U#6!/&+#&#O).>!3&e(6(&G!$.[[!$.&f&I#(*.&PWRRMZ&+#H#&%#$#6&)$(&#/%(%)6(&/)># -rior a la media, fuerza de arranque o elevación, capacidad de saque, velocidad de

+#/>*([(-.#$%!&#$&+./%($".(/&"!6%(/;&5#*!".+(+&+#&6#("".2$;&>!%#$".(&:#$#6(*.[(+(;& g#c.H.*.+(+;&#O).*.H6.!;&(:.*.+(+;&+!%#/&("6!H]%."!/&0&"!!6+.$(".2$&-!%!6(3&h%6!&(%6.H) -to importante de un arquero de fútbol es la capacidad perceptiva, siendo la visión

B)$+(-#$%(*&>(6(&*(&%!-(&+#&+#"./.!$#/&+)6($%#&#*&J)#:!;&$!&>!6&$(+(&>(6(&i(6"D(&#%& (*3&PLYYQZ&#*&jR^&+#&*(&.$B!6-(".2$&O)#&6#".H.-!/&+#*&-#+.!&/#&>6!>!6".!$(&(&%6(5k/&+#& *(&5./.2$3& #&#/%(&B!6-(;&*(&>#6"#>".2$&5./)(*&#$%6#:(&.$B!6-(".2$&5(*.!/(&>(6(&"!$! -"#6&#*&#$%!6$!&O)#&6!+#(&(*&+#>!6%./%(;&*(&+./>!/.".2$&+#*&"(->!&+#&J)#:!;&)H."(".2$& +#&*!/&"!->(U#6!/&+#&#O).>!;&(+5#6/(6.!/&0&#*&H(*2$3&l+#-]/;&*(&5./.2$&/#&"!$5.#6%#& #$&)$&#*#-#$%!&"*(5#&(&*(&=!6(&+#&+./-.$).6&*!/&$.5#*#/&+#&.$"#6%.+)-H6#&+#&*!/&J)#:!/& "!*#"%.5!/;&-#J!6($+!&(/D;&#*&+#/#->#U!&+#*&+#>!6%./%(3 1$&6#*(".2$&(&*(&>#6"#>".2$;&#$&)$&%6(H(J!&"*]/."!;&,#$60&f&E!:#6/&PLYNRZ&#/%(H*# -cen la existencia de un período anterior a cualquier estimulo, donde el sujeto debe estar concentrado o atento, llamando a esta fase anteperíodo.&8#:\$&E!"(&PLYjTZ&#*&

período de tiempo que va desde la detección de un estímulo hasta la ocurrencia de

(*:)$(& ("".2$;& 6#".H#& #*& $!-H6#& +#& %.#->!& +#& 6#("".2$3& 1*& -./-!& ()%!6& #/%(H*#"#& O)#&#*&%.#->!&#$%6#&#*&.$.".!&+#&*(&6#/>)#/%(&-!%!6(&0&#*&K$(*&+#*&+#/>*([(-.#$%!&+#*&

(3)

/)J#%!&#/&"!$!".+!&"!-!&%.#->!&+#&-!5.-.#$%!3&e(6(&@(6%D$#[&PWRRTZ&#*&%.#->!&+#& 6#/>)#/%(&#/&*(&/)-(&+#*&%.#->!&+#&6#("".2$&0&#*&%.#->!&+#&-!5.-.#$%!3&1$&#/%#&]-

-H.%!;&($%#6.!6-#$%#;&m.**.(-/&PLYNjZ&#/%)+.!&*(&>#6"#>".2$&5./)(*;&#$&6#*(".2$&(*&%.#->!&

de reacción y tiempo de movimiento en sujetos no entrenados, utilizando un

lanza->#*!%(/&+#&%#$./;&+!$+#&#*&/)J#%!&+#HD(&+.6.:.6/#&(&#**(/&>(6(&.$%#6"#>%(6*(/3&1*&#/%)+.!& -!/%62&O)#&*!/&.$+.5.+)!/&-(0!6#/&+#&LR&(U!/&>!+D($&>#6".H.6&"!66#"%(-#$%#&+!$+#& "(#6D(&#*&H(*2$;&#$&"(-H.!&*!/&$.U!/&-#$!6#/&>#6".HD($&O)#&*(&>#*!%(&"(#6D(&B)#6(&+#& *!/&*.-.%#/&#/%(H*#".+!/3&h*(5#&PLYYLZ&)%.*.[!&)$&*($[(A>#*!%(/&+#&%#$./&0&)$(&[!$(&+#&"(D -+(/&+#-(6"(+(;&)H."(+(&(&#/>(*+(/&+#&*!/&/)J#%!/&O)#&6#(*.[(H($&#*&%#/%3&1/%!/&+#HD($& +#%#6-.$(6&#$&O)#&*):(6&+#&*(&[!$(&+#&"(D+(&**#:(6D(&*(&>#*!%(&)$(&5#[&*($[(+(;&>#6!& /.$&:.6(6/#&(&-.6(6&*(&[!$(3&h*(5#&"!$"*)0!&O)#&=(HD(&+.B#6#$".(/&/.:$.K"(%.5(/&#$&#*& $\-#6!&+#&(".#6%!/&#$&*!/&:6)>!/&"!$&#c>#6.#$".(&#$&6#*(".2$&(*&:6)>!&/.$&#c>#6.#$".(& #$&#/%#&%.>!&+#&%(6#(/3&8.**#6!&PWRRWZ&#/%)+.!&*(&%!-(&+#&+#"./.!$#/&+#&LjY&/)J#%!/&"!$& #+(+#/&#$%6#&j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aterial y método Muestra <!$/%.%).+(&>!6&N&5(6!$#/&O)#&/#&+#/#->#U($&#$&#*&>)#/%!&+#&(6O)#6!&+#&B\%H!*&#$&#%(>(& B!6-(%.5(&PLQ;R&S&R;NT&(U!/&+#&#+(+V&NR;M&S&T;NW&X.*!/&+#&>#/!V&L;NY&S&R;RN&-%/&+#&#/%(%)6(Z3&8)& >6!-#+.!&+#&#$%6#$(-.#$%!/&/#-($(*#/&#/&+#&M&&S&R;NT&+D(/3&1*&%.#->!&+#&#c>#6.#$".(&#$&#*& >)#/%!&+#&(6O)#6!&#/&+#&Q;T&&S&W;NT&(U!/3&a6#/&>#6%#$#"#$&(*&"*)H&+#&4$.5#6/.+(+&<(%2*."(&0&%6#/& (*&l)+(c&<*)H&8>!6%.5!&7%(*.($!3&a!+!/&*!&/)J#%!/&>6#/#$%($&5./.2$&$!6-(*3& Instrumentos

Máquina lanza balones Jugs Pitching Machine, consistente en una estructura

me-%]*."(&/!H6#&*(&O)#&/#&-!$%($&+!/&-!%!6#/&.$+#>#$+.#$%#/3&I!/&-!%!6#/&>!/##$&6#:)

-*(+!6#/&+#&5#*!".+(+&+#&:.6!&+#*&H(*2$;&>)+.#$+!&-!+.K"(6&*(&%6(0#"%!6.(&+#*&-./-!& =(".(&*(&+#6#"=(;&.[O).#6+(&0&#$&>6!B)$+.+(+;&"!-!&#c>*."(&8.**#6!&PWRRWZ3

!/&-]O).$(/&K*-(+!6(/&-(6"(/&<($$!$&e!d#68=!%&8nLLRR78&0&e($(/!$."&8 EAa`L3&

La primera ubicada en la zona posterior al área del test, justo detrás de la zona de

El Físico de Chile !"#$%&'()*!+,!-./,*$012&03.! UMCE

!"#$%&'()*(+,

-*'

./0#12,

(4)

!"#$%&'()*(+,

-*'

./0#12,

56

6#"#>".2$3&I(&!%6(;&)H."(+(&#$&>!/.".2$&*(%#6(*&>(6(&K*-(6&*!/&%.#->!/&#c("%!/&+#&>#6 -"#>".2$&+#&*(&%6(0#"%!6.(&0&-!5.-.#$%!/&+#*&(6O)#6!3& !"#&H(*!$#/&+#&B\%H!*&-(6"(&l+.+(/&-!+#*!&a#(-:#./%&77;&%(-(U!&$o&M;&>#/!&#$%6#& QQLAQQQ&:6/3;&+#&"!*!6&>*(%#(+!&"!$&+#"!6(".!$#/&+#&"!*!6&6!J!&0&$#:6!3&a!+!/&.$g(+!/& (&)$(&>6#/.2$&+#&Y&e873& Protocolo 8#&+#%#6-.$2&)$(&[!$(&+#&"(D+(&+#*&H(*2$&#$&)$&")(+6(+!&+#&N&c&N&-#%6!/V&+.5.+.+!&

en cuatro cuadrados de 3 x 3 metros, marcados con una cinta elástica de color

blan-"(&/!H6#&*(&/)>#6K".#&+#*&>(/%!3&I(/&+.-#$/.!$#/&+#&*(&[!$(&+#&"(D+(&B)#6!$&+#%#6-.

-$(+(/&+#&(")#6+!&*(/&-#+.".!$#/&!K".(*#/&+#*&($"=!&+#*&(6"!&+#&B)%H!*&P`;TW&-#%6!/Z& 0& *(& ($"=)6(& +#*& ]6#(& +#& -#%(& PM;M& -#%6!/Z;& ]6#(& >#O)#U(& +#$%6!& +#*& ]6#(& >#$(*;& +#"*(6(+!/&>!6&*(&'7'l&PWRLLZ& #&#/%(&B!6-(&*(&[!$(&+#&"(D+(&/#6]&*!&-]/&>62c.-!&(&*(/& [!$(/&+#&-(0!6&("%)(".2$&+#*&(6O)#6!3& 8#&*($[(&)$&H(*2$&"!$&*(&-(O).$(&*($[(&H(*!$#/&Pp4i8&e.%"=.$:&@("=.$#Z&"!*!"( -+(&(&WM&-#%6!/&+#*&(6O)#6!3&1/%#&/#&#$")#$%6(&)H."(+!&/!H6#&#*&"#$%6!&+#*&*(&[!$(&+#& "(D+(3&'6#$%#&+#&*(&-(O).$(&*($[(&H(*!$#/&/#&)H."(&)$&H.!-H!&+#&W&-#%6!/&+#&(*%!& >!6&T&-#%6!/&+#&($"=!;&O)#&.->.+#&*(&5./.2$&+#&*(&-(O).$(&>!6&>(6%#&+#*&(6O)#6!3& #& #/%(&B!6-(&#*&H(*2$&/#6]&>#6".H.+!;&")($+!&/)&%6(0#"%!6.(&0(&#/%#&#$&")6/!3&l$%#/&+#& .$.".(6&*(&%6(0#"%!6.(&+#*&H(*2$;&/#&K*-(6]&+#&)$&]$:)*!&>!/%#6.!6&0&*(%#6(*V&#$&+!$+#&

la visión lateral comprende la maquina lanza balones, la barrera y la zona de caída

+!$+#&/#&/.%)(6]&#*&(6O)#6!3&I(&"]-(6(&>!/%#6.!6&-!/%6(6]&*(&5./.2$&&+#*&>6.-#6&.$/%($%#& #$&")($+!&#*&(6O)#6!&>#6".H#&#*&H(*2$&0&/#&-)#5#&(&B(5!6&+#*&-./-!;&/#:\$&#c>*."(& 8.**#6!&PWRRWZ3&1$&*(&K:)6(&L&>!+#-!/&5#6&)$&#/O)#-(&+#*&]6#(&+#*&%#/%3&

Cuando el balón haya comenzado su trayectoria y sea visible para el arquero, éste

/#&)H."(6(&*!&($%#/&>!/.H*#&#$&*(&[!$(&+!$+#&#/>#6(&"(.:(&#*&H(*2$3&1*&%.#->!&%6($/") -rrido entre el momento en que el balón es visible para el arquero y el primer

movimien-%!&#$&B(5!6&(*&H(*2$;&/#&+#$!-.$(6(&%.#->!&+#&6#("".2$&Pa EZ3&1*&%.#->!&%6($/")66.+!& +#/+#& O)#& #*& (6O)#6!& =("#& /)& >6.-#6& -!5.-.#$%!& #$& B(5!6& (*& H(*2$& 0& O)#& :#$#6(& (*:\$&%.>!&+#&"!$%("%!&"!$&#*&-./-!;&/#&+#$!-.$(6(&%.#->!&%!%(*&+#&#J#")".2$&Paa1Z3

Figura 1.&F./%(&(k6#(&+#*&%#/%&+#&"(->!3&1*&H(*2$&+#&B)%H!*&PLZ&6#>6#/#$%(&*(&-]O).$(& *($[(&H(*!$#/;&PWZ&6#>6#/#$%(&*(&H(66#6(&0&PTZ&*(&[!$(&+#&"(D+(&+#*&H(*2$3&I(&[!$(&+#& "(D+(&%.#$#&*(&+./>!/.".2$&+#&(+#*($%#&Pl Z;&(%6]/&PlZ;&.[O).#6+(&P7Z&0&+#6#"=(&P Z3

(5)

El Físico de Chile !"#$%&'()*!+,!-./,*$012&03.! UMCE

!"#$%&'()*(+,

-*'

./0#12,

57

I!/&(6O)#6!/&+./>!$+6]$&+#&%6#/&.$%#$%!/&+#&>6)#H(3&e!/%#6.!6-#$%#&"(+(&/)J#%!&6# -".H.6]&LW&H(*!$#/&*($[(+!/&+#&-($#6(&(*#(%!6.(&(&*(/&")(%6!&[!$(/&+#&"(D+(3&I(&+)6( -ción total del test para cada arquero será de un máximo de 3 minutos y un mínimo de

W&-.$)%!/3&&1*&%.#->!&+#&/(*.+(&#$%6#&"(+(&H(*2$&/#6]&+#&LR&/#:)$+!/&"!-!&-D$.-!&0& LM&/#:)$+!/&"!-!&-]c.-!3&I(/&-#+.".!$#/&#&6#(*.[(6!$&"!$&*)[&$(%)6(*;&#$%6#&*(/&LQ3RR& 0&L`3RR&=6/3&#$&*(&"($"=(&+#&B\%H!*&+#*& #>(6%(-#$%!&+#&1+)"(".2$&'D/."(;& #>!6%#/&

y Recreación (DEFDER) de la Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación,

8($%.(:!&+#&<=.*#3& Análisis de datos 8#&)%.*.[!&#*&>6!:6(-(&8!B%d(6#&@>#:&F.+#!&m.[(6+& F &>(6(&#*&($]*././&+#&*!/&5.+#!/& 0&#*&>6!:6(-(&#/%(+D/%."!&8e88&5#6/.2$&LM3R&>(6(&d.$+!d/3&8#&(>*."(6!$&*(/&>6)#H(/&#/ -%(+D/%."(/&+#/"6.>%.5(/&0&lqhFl/&/#:\$&"!66#/>!$+#3 Resultados 1$&6#*(".2$&(&*!/&(".#6%!/&+#&*!/&(6O)#6!/&/)HALM&(*&-!-#$%!&+#&+.5./(6&>!6&>6.-#6(&

vez el balón lanzado y decidir sobre su zona de caída, los resultados muestran que no

#c./%#$&+.B#6#$".(/&/.:$.K"(%.5(/&#$&#*&>6!-#+.!&!H%#$.+!&>!6&*!/&(6O)#6!/&/)HALM&+#*& "*)H&l)+(c&7%(*.($!&PYL;NN^Z&0&+#*&"*)H&4$.5#6/.+(+&<(%2*."(&Pjj;jj^Z3&I!/&>!6"#$%( -J#/&#$&*(&+#"./.2$&+#&*(&[!$(&+#&"(D+(&+#*&H(*2$&>(6(&*!/&(6O)#6!/&/)HALM&+#&(-H!/& "*)H#/&-)#/%6($&)$&(".#6%!&+#*&LRR^&#$&*(/&[!$(/&.[O).#6+(;&+#6#"=(&0&(+#*($%#3&1$& "(-H.!;&*(&[!$(&+#&(%6]/;&>6#/#$%(&)$&B(**!&+#*&MR^&#$&(6O)#6!/&+#&l)+(c&7%(*.($!&0& NN;N^;&#$&4$.5#6/.+(+&<(%2*."(3& 1$&*(&%(H*(&L&/#&!H/#65($&*!/&>6!-#+.!/&+#&*!/&LW&*($[(-.#$%!/&#$&6#*(".2$&(&*!/&%.#- ->!/&+#&6#("".2$;&+#&*!/&%.#->!/&+#&#J#")".2$&0&%.#->!&%!%(*&+#&"(+(&(6O)#6!&/)HALM3& I(&%(H*(&W&-)#/%6(&*!/&6#/)*%(+!/&+#&($]*././&+#&lqhFl&>(6(&*!/&%.#->!/&+#&6#("".2$;& +!$+#& /#& -)#/%6(/& +.B#6#$".(/& /.:$.K"(%.5(/& P>_R;RR`Z3& I(& >6)#H(& +#& a)X#0& -)#/%6(& O)#&/2*!&#c./%#$&+.B#6#$".(/&/.:$.K"(%.5(/&#$%6#&*!/&>6!-#+.!/&+#*&(6O)#6!&W&0&T&+#&l)

-+(c&7%(*.($!&P>_R;RTMZ

Tabla nº 1:

Tiempo de reacción para cada arquero en cada uno de los lanzamientos (expresa-do en segun(expresa-dos).

(6)

!"#$%&'()*(+,

-*'

./0#12,

58

Tabla nº 2:

ANOVA y prueba de Tukey para los tiempos de reacción de los arqueros sub-15.

1$&*(&%(H*(&T&/#&-)#/%6(&*!/&6#/)*%(+!/&+#*&($]*././&+#&lqhFl&0&>6)#H(&+#&a)X#0& >(6(&*!/&%.#->!/&+#&#J#")".2$&+#&*!/&(6O)#6!/&/)HALM3&8#&!H/#65(&O)#&*(&+.B#6#$".(& #/&/.:$.K"(%.5(&P>_R;RRLZ&#$%6#&*!/&%.#->!/&+#&#J#")".2$;&#c./%.#$+!&+."=(/&+.B#6#$".(/& #$%6#&*!/&>6!-#+.!/&+#&*!/&(6O)#6!/&L&0&TV&W&0&T&+#&l)+(c&&.%(*.($!&0&*!/&(6O)#6!/&T&+#& l)+(c&0&T&+#&4$.5#6/.+(+&<(%2*."(3& Tabla nº 3:

ANOVA y prueba de Tukey para los tiempos de ejecución de los arqueros sub-15.

1$&*(&%(H*(&Q&/#&-)#/%6($&*!/&%.#->!/&>6!-#+.!/&+#&6#("".2$&>(6(&*!/&*($[(-.#$%!/& #$&"(+(&[!$(&+#&"(D+(3&I(&%(H*(&M&-)#/%6(&#*&lqhFl&0&*(&>6)#H(&+#&a)X#0&>(6(&*(&5#

-*!".+(+&+#&6#("".2$&>(6(&"(+(&[!$(;&-!/%6($+!&+.B#6#$".(/&/.:$.K"(%.5(/&P>_R;RLWZ3& I(&>6)#H(&+#&a)X#0&-)#/%6(&O)#&*(/&+.B#6#$".(/&/#&+($&#$%6#&*(&[!$(&+#&(%6]/&#&.[O).#6

(7)

El Físico de Chile !"#$%&'()*!+,!-./,*$012&03.! UMCE

!"#$%&'()*(+,

-*'

./0#12,

59

Tabla nº 4:

Promedios de los tiempos de reacción para cada arquero por zonas de caída del balón.

Tabla nº 5:

Anova y prueba de Tukey para los tiempos de reacción por zonas de caída del balón.

(8)

!"#$%&'()*(+,

-*'

./0#12,

60

Conclusiones y discusión

1*& %.#->!& +#& 6#("".2$& $!& /#& "!66#*(".!$(& "!$& *!/& (U!/& +#& >6]"%."(& +#*& +#>!6%#& P>_R;YQQZ;&$.&"!$&*!/&+D(/&+#&#$%6#$(-.#$%!&>!6&/#-($(&P>_R;YRWZ3&1/%!&>!+6D(&+#H#6/#&

a que la velocidad de reacción es un componente que depende totalmente del

siste--(&$#65.!/!&0&$!&+#&*(&-)/")*(%)6(3&I!/&%.#->!/&+#&6#("".2$&/!$&>!"!&#$%6#$(H*#/;&0(&

que se encuentran limitados por la densidad de las vainas de mielina que envuelven

(&*!/&(c!$#/&#$&#*&/./%#-(&$#65.!/!&0&")0(&"!$/%.%)".2$&#/&.$$(%(;&"!-!&#c>*."(&9($+#*& #%&(*3&PWRRLZ3

El total de errores en la toma de decisión sobre el área de caída del balón se

produ-J!&#$&*(&[!$(&+#&(%6]/;&/.#$+!&-]/&+#&*(&-.%(+&+#&*!/&"(/!/3&1/%!&>)#+#&+#H#6/#&(&O)#&

la acción natural de un persona que espera la recepción de un objeto es ir a su

en-")#$%6!3&e!+#-!/&$!%(6&O)#&#$&+!/&+#&%6#/&"!->(6(".!$#/;&*!/&%.#->!/&+#&6#("".2$& B)#6!$&-(/&*#$%!/&#$&*(&[!$(&+#&6#"#>".2$&(%6]/&#$&6#*(".2$&"!$&.[O).#6+(&P>_R;RWLZ& 0&+#6#"=(&P>_R;RQNZ3&e#6!;&>#/#&(&%!-(6&-(/&%.#->!&>(6(&6#("".!$(6;&/)/&#*#"".!$#/& B)#6!$&#662$#(/&#$&:6($&>(6%#&+#&*!/&*($[(-.#$%!/3&1/%!&>!+6D(&+#H#6/#&(&O)#&*(&%6( -yectoria recorrida por el balón es la misma entre la zona de adelante y atrás, siendo

)$(&>#O)#U(&+.B#6#$".(&+#&5#*!".+(+&+#&"(+(&H(*2$&*!&O)#&=("#&*(&+.B#6#$".(&#$%6#& )$(&0&!%6(&[!$(&+#&"(D+(3&1$&"(-H.!;&*!/&H(*!$#/&=(".(&*(&+#6#"=(&!&.[O).#6+(&/!$&B] -".*#/&+#&.+#$%.K"(6;&0(&O)#&/)/&%6(0#"%!6.(/&/!$&+.B#6#$%#/&+#/+#&#*&.$.".!3&I(&%#$+#$".(& $(%)6(*&+#&.6&=(".(&#*&H(*2$&>!6&>(6%#&+#*&(6O)#6!&+#&B)%H!*&0&*(&+.K")*%(+&>(6(&+./"#6$.6& #$%6#&*(/&[!$(/&+#&(+#*($%#&0&(%6]/;&>!+6D(&/#6&*(&"()/(&+#&)$&$\-#6!&%($&:6($+#&+#& #66!6#/&#$&)$(&[!$(&+#&"(D+(3&

En relación a los tiempos de ejecución, se observan diferencias entre varios

ar-O)#6!/&/)HALM3&e(6(&G6!d$&PWRR`Z&*(&5#*!".+(+&#J#")".2$&/#&#$")#$%6(&6#*(".!$(+(& "!$&#*&%.#->!&+#&#$%6#$(-.#$%!3&1$&#/%!/&+#>!6%./%(/&#c./%#&"!66#*(".2$&P>_R;RLTZ&

entre los días de entrenamiento semanal y los tiempos de ejecución de los

arque-6!/&/)HALM;&/.&H.#$&#/%(&#/&H(J(&PAR;WYRZ3&8.$&#-H(6:!;&$!&/#&(>6#".(&)$(&"!66#*(".2$& #$%6#&(U!/&+#&#$%6#$(-.#$%!&0&%.#->!&+#&#J#")".2$&P>_R;RjNZ3&1/%!&=("#&>#$/(6&

que en estos deportistas es más relevante la cantidad de días de entrenamiento,

O)#&*!/&(U!/&%!%(*#/&O)#&**#5(&>6("%."($+!&#*&+#>!6%#&>(6(&#*&"!->!$#$%#&+#&*(& 5#*!".+(+&+#&#J#")".2$3&

I(& >6#/#$%#& .$5#/%.:(".2$& -)#/%6(& *!/& -(6"(+!/& #66!6#/& +#& (6O)#6!/& /)HALM& >(6(& 6# -cepcionar balones lanzados hacia una zona posterior a su ubicación, siendo necesario

6#B!6[(6&*!/&#$%6#$(-.#$%!/&"!$&#/%#&K$3&a(-H.k$&-)#/%6(&*(/&/.-.*.%)+#/&#$&*(&5#*!".+(+& +#&6#("".2$&+#&*!/&(6O)#6!/&+#&(-H!/&"*)H#/&+#>!6%.5!/3&I(&#5(*)(".2$&+#&*(&5#*!".+(+&

de reacción y ejecución en arqueros de fútbol, mediante un test que simula realidad de

J)#:!;&"!$&"!$%("%!&+#*&H(*2$&#$&)$&"(->!&+#&J)#:!;&/#&"!$5.#6%#&#$&)$(&=#66(-.#$%(&

poderosa a la hora de medir y orientar los entrenamientos de capacidades

fundamenta-*#/&#$&)$&+#>!6%./%(&+#&(*%!&6#$+.-.#$%!3&1/%!&>)#+#&"!$5#6%.6/#&#$&)$&D$+."#&.->!6%($%#& #$&*(&/#*#"".2$&+#&(6O)#6!/&#$&B!6-(".2$&>(6(&.$/%.%)".!$#/&+#>!6%.5(/3&

I(&*.-.%(".2$&-]/&.->!6%($%#&+#*&#/%)+.!&#/&*(&>#O)#U(&-)#/%6(;&/.#$+!&$#"#/(6.!& 6#(*.[(6&)$(& .$5#/%.:(".2$&O)#& (H(6O)#& )$&$\-#6!&-(0!6&+#& (6O)#6!/&+#& B\%H!*&#$&

(9)

El Físico de Chile !"#$%&'()*!+,!-./,*$012&03.! UMCE

!"#$%&'()*(+,

-*'

./0#12,

61

B!6-(".2$;&(+#-]/&+#&(>*."(6&#*&%#/%&(&)$&:6)>!&+#&&(6O)#6!/&>6!B#/.!$(*#/&+#&>6.

-mera división, estableciendo las correlaciones entre deportistas en formación y

profe-/.!$(*#/3&I(&#5(*)(".2$&+#&*(&5#*!".+(+&+#&6#("".2$&0&#J#")".2$&(&#/%D-)*!/&5./)(*#/&

debería convertirse es una herramienta útil y debería ser parte de las baterías de test

(>*."(+(/&(&*!/&(6O)#6!/&+#&B\%H!*3&

!"!#!$%&'()*&*+&,-#./%'(

A&G!$.[[!$.;&I3&f&I#(*.;&i3&PWRRMZ3&El portero, preparación física, técnica y táctica. Madrid:

i0-$!/3

A&G6!d$;&I3&PWRR`Z3&1$%6#$(-.#$%!&+#&5#*!".+(+;&(:.*.+(+&0&6(>.+#[3&G(6"#*!$(?&e(.+!

-%6.H!3

A&'7'l&PWRLLZ3 !"#$%&"'() )*+,%$ -" ./(0)$1 Zurich: Federation International de Football

l//!".(%.!$3

A&i(6"D(;&@3V&@(6%D$;&r3&f&q.#%!;&l3&PLYYQZ3&F./.2$& #>!6%.5(3&i("#%(&s>%."(3&LYYQV&W`T& 8)>*;&N?&LAM3

A&,#$60;&'3&f&E!:#6;& 3&PLYNRZ3&7$"6#(/#+&6#/>!$/#&*(%#$"0&B!6&"!->*."(%#+&-!5#-#$%/& ($+&(&t-#-!60&+6)-u&%=#!60&!B&$#)6!-!%!6&6#("%.!$3&Research QuarterlyV&TL?&QQjAQMj3 A& 9($+#*3& 13V& 8"=d(6%[;& p3& f& p#//#*;& a3& PWRRLZ3&Principios de neurociencia. Madrid:

Mc-i6(dA&,.**3

A&@(6%D$#[;&h3&PWRRTZ3 El tiempo de reacción visual en el Karate. Tesis doctoral,

Universi-+(+&e!*.%k"$."(&+#&@(+6.+3

A&h*(5#;&p3&PLYYLZ3&e6!>)#/%(&+#&a#/%&#$"(-.$(+!&(&#5(*)(6&*(&>#6"#>".2$&+#&%6(0#"

-%!6.(/&(k6#(/&+#&!HJ#%!/3&Apuntes: Educación Física i SportsV&WM?&MYANN3

A& E!"(;& p3& PLYjTZ3&Tiempo de Reacción y Deporte.& G(6"#*!$(?& .6#"".2$& i#$#6(*& +#&

*b1/>!6%3

A&8.**#6!;&@3&PWRRWZ3&La percepción de trayectorias como tarea visual. Propuesta de

eva-$2%+,3' "' ./(0)$1 a#/./&+!"%!6(*3&4$.5#6/.+(+&e!*.%k"$."(&+#&@(+6.+3

A& m.**.(-/;& ,3& PLYNjZ3&Effects of systematic variation of speed and direction of object

4,#5( %'- ). 67,$$ %'- %#" +$%66,*+%(,)'6 28)' 9,62):8";+"8(2%$ <2-#"&"'(6 ). &)9,'#

Referencias

Documento similar

Figure 4.2: Execution Time of Helman’s and J´aj´a’s algorithm for a 512K random lists using different number of splitters... Figure 4.3: Execution Time of Helman’s and

The Dwellers in the Garden of Allah 109... The Dwellers in the Garden of Allah

Rain gauge and ground radar measurements are limited to land, and the retrieval of quantitative precipitation estimates from satellite has several problems including the indirectness

Regarding planning, total movements, total correct mo- vements, total rule violation, total violation of time, total start time, total execution time, total time of resolution

Using data from the Well-being Module of the 2010, 2012, and 2013 American Time Use Survey (ATUS), we found that more time spent in commuting is related to higher levels of

NAS Parallel Benchmarks and a real application of dynamic particles simulation NBody are used, obtaining an improvement of up to 10% in the execution time and a communication

As their favorite observables the authors pick the 2-point function of a scalar field, but only solve the problem in two different quasi-static limits of an in-falling dust shell:

We have studied the relaxation process of the specific heat and the entropy for the three-dimensional Coulomb glass at very low temperatures and in thermal equilibrium9. The long