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An energy management strategy for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles

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Fig. 1.8. Hybrid powertrain configurations: parallel (a), serial (b), serial/parallel (c) and power-split with a planetary transmission (d)
Fig. 1.10. Load point shifting. Engine operating points in the specific fuel consumption map
Fig. 1.20. Use of stored electrical energy during a trip. The trip is considered to start with the maximum SOC of 0.9
Fig. 2.4. Measured maximal torque of electric
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