UD 8 CONTROL 4ºESO eng 15 16

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(1)I NDEX 0- I NTRODUCTI ON I - TYPES OF CONTROL - Pneumat i c cont r ol - El ect r omechani cal - Anal og el ect r oni c cont r ol - Di gi t al el ect r oni c cont r ol I I - CONTROL SCHEMES - Open l oop. Control of industrial processes. - Cl osed l oop. Luis García Molina. I.E.S. Serra Perenxisa (Torrente). 1.

(2) machi ner y cont r ol •. WHAT DO WE CONTROL? In technology we are interested in controlling are the physical parameters of industrial manufacturing processes (temperature, humidity, density, force, position, etc ...) which are modified by the actuators of automatic machines (including robots), which conduct functions.. •. HOW TO CONTROL? There are different ways to control a machine: A manuallyB-With electric control or mechanical control (including tires, oil hydraulic) C-With electronic control.. •. WHAT IS A PROGRAMME? There are machines that can only do a task (1 program) When we can change parameters such as time, speed, strength, etc., we can get the machine to perform various tasks as scheduled. We can customize a machine mediating mechanical elements (cams ...), electrical (limit switches) or electronic (processor) We define program as instructions that indicate which operations to do with the machine using the data we provide.. 2.

(3) Evol ut i on of cont r ol syst ems a. MANUAL CONTROL: The machine is controlled by a person.. b. CONTROL LOGIC FOR WIRED: ELECTROMECHANICAL, Control is performed by a set of devices (relays, timers, limit switches, valves ...). They are usually designed to perform a single task, but sometimes can be programmed with features such as timers.. C. ELECTRONIC CONTROL. A computer or electronic card (all much smaller. Of course still programmable.. 3 Dibujo: gembapantarei.com.

(4) ACTI VI TY: I ndi cat es what t ype of cont r ol ar e t he f ol l owi ng i mages.. www.hiru.com. www.teknnos.com www.directindustry.es cet-automatizaciones.webnode.es. www.automatik.com.mx http://www.electropelaez.altervista.org/2-site. 4.

(5) I-types of control. 5.

(6) Cont r ol el ect r omeáni co 1 EXAMPLE OF CONTROL LOGIC FOR WIRED: Here we have a circuit for controlling a motor reverse rotation. The circuit has 2 parts: > 220V power circuit: which powers the motor. (The limit switch sensors are used to control) > Control Circuit 1 (4.5 V): For general power-off circuit. > Control Circuit 2 (4.5 V): The motor is controlled by general push on, push the shift to the left button right turn The apparatus transmits instructions from the control circuit power to the electromechanical relay.. A. B. Li mi t B. A l i mi t swi t ch. ACTI VI TY: Poi nt s t o par t s of t he ci r cui t and expl ai n i t s oper at i on.6 Why cont r ol ci r cui t s ar e 4. 5 V and 220V power ?.

(7) El ect r omechani cal Cont r ol 2 EXAMPLE OF MECHANICAL CONTROL OF A PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT. In this circuit the double acting cylinder will move automatically. Analyze it and said control elements and operations. What time is varied, ie how is the program?. Not e: The val ve coul d al so be act i vat ed by an el ect r i cal r el ay el ect r i cal swi t ches act i vat ed.. 7.

(8) El ect r oni c 1 EXAMPLE OF ELECTRONI C Her e i s a si mpl e ci r cui t t o cont r ol a mot or . I t i s an el ect r omechani cal cont r ol ci r cui t , whi ch adds el ect r oni cs. ACTI VI TY: Anal yze t he f ol l owi ng ci r cui t and l ocat ed: 1) Why i s el ect r oni c- mechani cal cont r ol s? What ar e t he el ect r oni cs? What i s t he f unct i on of t he r el ay? 2) di st i ngui shes bet ween t he ci r cui t par t s ar e cont r ol and power . 3) Expl ai n how t he cont r ol ci r cui t .. 8.

(9) El ect r oni c 2 The elements of an electronic control system are complicated to form a specific electronic card called CONTROLLER. The components are similar to components of a computer, you already know: •. A: MACHINERY (HARDWARE): – Input devices (sensors) • C: DATA – Central Unit • Microprocessor. • Memoirs • Connectors – Output devices (actuators) – Buses (control, data and address). Dat a i nput. cont r ol l er A B. I nput Per i pher al s. • B: PROGRAMS (SOFTWARE). C I nput Connect o rs. CPU Memotions. 1. Out put i nst r uct i ons. 2 3 Out put Connect o rs. Out put devi ces ( act uat or s). Consol e pr ogr ammi ng: pr ogr ammi ng l anguage. 9.

(10) ACTI VI TY: Compl et e t hi s t abl e. Control elements of machines in general. sensors. Start / end. Timers. MANUAL CONTROL MECHANICAL CONTROL POWER CONTROL ELECTRONIC CONTROL. 10.

(11) II-control schemes 11.

(12) t ypes of cont r ol syst em CONTROL SYSTEM I N OPEN LOOP: Cont r ol si gnal. Ref er ence si gnal. T t r ansduce r. Cont r ol l er. Cont r ol si gna l. Ampl i f i er cont r ol si gnal. wi t h pr ogr am. Ampl i f i ed cont r ol si gna l. act uat or. pr ocess. Change i n t he envi r on ment END. MONI TORI NG SYSTEM FOR CLOSED LOOP Cont r ol si gnal. Ref er ence si gnal. Er r or si gnal. T t r ansduce Compar i son r. Cont r ol l er. Cont r ol si gna l. wi t h pr ogr am. Feedback si gnal. Ampl i f i er cont r ol si gnal. sensor. Ampl i f i ed cont r ol si gna l. Chang in th envi r ment. act uat or. pr ocess. 12.

(13) ACTIVITY: Choose which type of control system equipment and owns the following explains why: > A fan > Air conditioning > An induction hob for cooking. > A food processor. > An industrial machine for die cutting. > An industrial robot. ACTIVITY: Identifies the components listed below in a) a washing machine, b) a DVD scheduled to record a TV movie, and c) an industrial robot arm in a car factory. > Comparators > Drivers: > Signal Amplifiers: > Actuators > Sensors. 13.

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