El procesamiento multinivel del texto escrito: ¿un giro discursivo en los estudios sobre la comprensión de textos?

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(11) ) *. . ) *+ ,'. 90"#$(#1 &'!#1 #"D* ;7 9; A(' " ( $''(1 " 0< "'( #" !'(1 0" "'&" $" "#'$(1 -" # ( #$' $"' !" ( $"2$( " " &#&( $"2$( $')<# !" '("#( !" '"#"& $* $'$"2$1 !( !" #" '"#" $ !" & "' &C( &/# (3"$) "#8"'# !" )! #( -" + C> #!( #"& $*!# " ($! !!1 ") '"( "# !" #0 8!( &/# (&"3# + (' #"#$( "20" !" 8"'" # &/# "('!#7 ,( #!"'( 8 !&" $ "#$ ( ! !" !#$ &" $( !" ( &"!$( 9"' > ( "3 >; " '(! + " (&'" # !" (# !#'#(#1 " ( #$' !" #0 8 $ $( " " " 03" (' (&( " " "#'$(7 CLASIFICACIÓ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

(12) % # & #' ( # '''. !"#''(( $'$"2$ 9!" $'( !" $"2$(; " $"'$"2$ 9( ($'(# $"2$(#; !" !#'#(7 INFERENCIAS A PARTIR DE LOS NIVELES DEL TEXTO ESCRITO . INFERENCIAS ELABORADAS. ,( ("' #('" (# )""# -" $"')" " " ( #$' !" !#'#( "#'$( #" ( )"'$" " $( "# " ( ! &('$ $" ' '"* !" 8"'" # !"!# !' $" " '("#( !" (&'" # !" $"2$( + !" '" !*3" '$' !" (# $"2$(#7 #8 '("#$ "#$'> " '" ( (# )""# !" $"2$(1 ( "20" " #' " # 8"'" # !" & "' '"( !8"'" $" )"? '"( "# !" #0 8!( -" ( "#$/ #(&" $" " #"" " !" $"2$( " ( !" (# )""#1 # ( -" '"#( !" !)"'#(# )""#1 #" ! " $'" )""#1 "# !"'1 '"( "# &$ )"1 + '"( "# !" #0 8 !( -" #" "#$"" " $'" (# )""# !" $"2$( 9$"2$!! + !#'#)!!;9 + -" '"#( !" #"$(# 8 ( "# !)"'#(#1 "# !"'1 &$8 ( "#7 9 9 5 # . > : #% # M . M - - - ? U 12;3 9 5 # - # - - P! ": Q @ ## . 12;R " " # # ? U 12;2 # - - 5 # . > 9 / 9 123V > " % # 8 0 122; 1 # + 8 9 # " : ": I : L # # . # # % + # " 9 # : #% # M / + # + # # 0 . " + " # / #0 # + " + " I ! # ## - - # / #0 L # ' 9 # # ! # % + # 9 " : ": I - %": / - " - # " " . # # # 9 8 #% # M # # + # + / # # : "-7 # + " "-#8 -# !"-#+ + 9 M + # " " #0 # ## # # # M # L # 9 # ! # - ": I- %": # # . # "-#8 # # # # & 9 # . # % # - #0 I # " %L . - 8+ . . 39.

(13) 40 Enunciatario. . Tipo de contrato y Organización Enunciativa. Tonalidad Predictiva Tonalidad Apreciativa Tonalidad Intencional. ARGUMENTATIVA. EXPLICATIVA. EXPOSITIVA. DESCRIPTIVA. CONVERSACIONAL. NARRATIVA. Organización Superestructural. . 5 5O5C9. I%L . Cohesión global. Doble articulación del Discurso. Coherencia global e intencional del discurso. Discursividad. y lineal del texto. Textualidad. #. Relaciones de significado (textualidad) Relaciones de sentido (discursividad). % 0 + # # > G . "-# G - I . #+ 8 @ % > (+ I 8 IE% . % 0 - # E . EIE " # #" G # . % 0 ": . ": 5 #. (# + # . > ## ": . % 0 ": (# #L . . 9 (+ =0 !. Enucniador. Situación de Enunciación. ,JE( >C(= WGI. Formas típicas de enunciado. EL FUNCIONAMIENTO DISCURSIVO DEL LENGUAJE. ) * ) *+ ,'. .

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(15) ) *. . ) *+ ,'. #0< "'(# $"2$"# (&( (# '$>(# !" ( 1 (# '$>(# (<&(#1 (# '$>(# !" /##1 '"#" $ !" C"C(# #("#1 # ($#1 " $'")#$1 " $'" ($'(#7 !" $8' #$ !" " " $"2$( & C"' 8"'" # " '" ( & "'(&(#""#(* (##3"$(#!#'#)(#? L,/"# $(# !" )#$ #" '(( " " " $"2$(M L,/ $(# !('"#M L,&( #" ( #$'+" &0" !" !(' + &( #" '"( " $<'& (# !" !#$ &" $( + "3 > $ $( ( " $'((&(( "="&1"="'"'(( (*:3" M L,/"# + / $# )("# (+ (# !)"'#(# !('"#M LO< '()( " $"2$(M LO< #" #M ,( ("' #('" ! /& " $) $')<# !" # !)"'## $( !!"# "'&$'> "$(' C"' 8"'" # &/# '(!# " '" ( (# $(# !" )#$ + !8"'" !" )("# + " !('"# " " !#'#(? L#" ( #$'+" !(1 $"#$0(1 (( " $" ( #&"&" $" (#"')!('M #$" $( !" 8"'" # #( '()( !# (' " $"2$( "'( "20" (' '$" !" "$(' " $'" &" $( -" C#$ " &(&" $( #0" #" $" " "#"7 # )"#$0( "# C &(#$'!( 9)"' "2"'" 1 E"' / !"* F + " '$> "* + ($'(# ; 11 1 (' "3"&(1 -" % (# "#$! $"# )"'#$'(# ( ( (" ! /& " $) -" #" ( #$'+" " " $"2$( "#'$( + $" " 0' !"# !8$!"# ' (&'" !"' (8( > !#'#)1 # !)"'## )("# $"2 $"# -" #" ( #$'+" ' !' " $ !" !"$"'& !(# $(# !" )#$ ( (#( &" $(# !"(0(# ( $'"# " " !#'#(1 #('" $(!( " $"2$(# -" ')"0 ('0 * '0&" $$)7 = (#1 (' #"#$(1 !" " !8$! '"&$'( ( "#'(#+!8"'" '#'()(*!"!" ($'(#7 &$' ( '0&" $! + '*( ! #" ( )"'$" # " &$(1 + ( $''( #" " ( ( "#1 $-"# "'#( "# + 8'&( "# 0'$$# 9(' "3"&( " F('( !" "$(' " ="&( #" " " $' &C( "#$" $( !" '0&" 11 9 % / " + #0 # " # 98 % "- . 5 # > ## % > - - 122R - 8 8 0 # , - % 5 # . % . # : CE # 9 . # "L # 9 # % 1223 + - # # =#" 4 # : CE > . - 0 ! 4. 42. . .

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ÓN SUPERESTRUCTURAL Y SECUENCIAS TEXTUALES. 1",,"/2". & 9 / . 9 & +. 12 ,&"1"3 , :&/2". :3"/2". ",40 1/"/2". (* (* (* (* & ' ' ' ' " . ; . ( * . + < = " " > . . = " 9 . (# "#$! $"# !"" " 8'" $'#" 0&" $" "$' !" $"2$(# !<&(# "2$)(# -" C !" #"'"#1 !" ")" $(# " " & !( #( + $'1 $"2$(# -" &"#$' '("#( $' ( #(1 '("#&" $(1 8" &" (1 1 8 ( &" $( + (' $ $( " " &(&" $( !" "$'1 ' 44. . .

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

(21) 48. 0RGHORVPHQWDOHVFRQVWUXLGRVD WUDYpVGHQXPHURVDV LQWHUDFFLRQHV . 0$<25326,%,/,'$' '($3523,$&,Ï1 '(/6$%(5. . 0(-25&2035(16,Ï1 '(/7(;72. . 6,$'(&8$'$6. . . $'(&8$'$6. ,1)(5(1&,$6 5(/$&,21$/(6 . . . . . . *e1(52',6&856,92± 36 D 6LWXDFLyQGHHQXQFLDFLyQ 25*683(5(6758&785$/ D 7,326 7(;78$/(6 $UWFLHQWtILFR(GLWRULDO E 02'26'(25*$1,=$&,Ï1 1DUUDWLYD±([SRVLWLYD ([SOLFDWLYD±$UJXPHQWDWLYD 7(;78$/,'$'±&RKHVLyQ D &RQWHQLGRV 0DFUR ± 0LFUR 5HIHUHQFLD/p[LFD&DXVDO 'HVDUUROOR7HPiWLFR ',6&856,9,'$'±&RKHUHQFLD D $FWRV GH GLVFXUVR ± $FWRV GH KDEOD ± 6HFXHQFLDV DUJXPHQWDWLYDV ± 3ROLIRQtD ± +HWHURJHQHLGDG GLVFXUVLYD0RGDOLGDGHV. . 1,9(/(6'(25*$1,=$&,Ï1. /248(352321((/$8725 '(/7(;72. . . 081'22%-(7,92±2172/Ï*,&2 ± 081'2 62&,$/ ,17(53(5621$/ 081'2&8/785$/±$;,2/Ï*,&2. . 02'(/260(17$/(6. . 6$%(5(6&203$57,'26. /248($3257$(//(&725. ,QVWDODOD,QWHUVXEMHWLYLGDG \FRQWH[WRHQORVHQXQFLDGRV 5HVSXHVWD$FWLYD±3RVLELOLGDGGH 5pSOLFD. DISCURSO. EL PROCESAMIENTO MULTINIVEL DEL TEXTO ESCRITO. ) * ) *+ ,'. . .

(22) % # & #' ( # '''. "#$! $" !" $(! "#$ ! /& " $) " (!'> "'&$' C"' !"#'" !&" $( !" &"!$"*1 + '"*' " &(' $ $" #( !" '$ $" \ )('!(\ (#"')!('1 $"#$0( !" # '( '(! 1 ( $'(' # '( (&'" # 1 %#-"! $" ( !"'("#$'"*!('"$('!" $"2$(7 CONCLUSIONES. 7 # !8$!"# " (&'" # + '" !*3" '$' !" (# $"2$(# !<&(# 9"2(#$)(#1 "2$)(# + '0&" $$)(#; &"#$' -" "2#$" !8$!"# " '"* !" # 8"'" # "('!# !( C+ !"#( (&" $( !" ('0 * !" !C(# $"2$(#1 ( C" -" " "#8"'*( #" '"" $" + !( ( #" (0' (&'" # 1 " "#$! $"1 ( #"&(# $(!(#1 #" !(')" !((!"&"&('* 7E+" $( "# ""#!! !" ('!' (# !)"'#(# 0< "'(# !#'#)(# " )"'#!! + (# !8"'" $"# &(!(# !" ('0 * -" (# 0< "'(# !#'#)(# ')"0 7 7 $(& !" !#$ $ $( !' $" " '("#( !" (& '" # (&( !" !" '(! !" !#'#( "#'$(1 "'&$" $"'#" (&( (#"')!(' + (&( $"'($(' ( " $"2$( ">!(7 #$" &" #&( !" !#$ &" $( "'&$" "#$! $" (#"')' " $"2$( "#'$( (&( '("#( !" '"#"& $* !" 0( + #"& $*!( )" (' " " -" #" ( #$'+" &/0" "# !#'#)# + $(# !" )#$7 "#$! $" #" (#$ (&( (#"')!(' !" # '( '(! + !" !" ($'(#7 7 $"2$( "#'$(1 (' # 0'!( !" "(' (&"3(1 !#$ $( )"1 ( )( " " "$(' '("#&" $( &$ )" + &$8 ( -" ) &/# / !" 0'8>7 5 " "$(' !" $"2$(# '" !" 8 ( ' " $(!(# (# )""# !" $"2$( $' )" " $"' )"1 $'$"2$(# " $"'$"2$(1 $'!#'#( " $"'!#'#)&" $"7 ,( ("' #('" "#$(# )""# 8$ '"* !" 8"'" #7 A'(( 0( " $( "#1 &( " (# &(!(# !" ( "' . 49.

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