Unit 4: THE ATMOSPHERE

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Unit 4: THE ATMOSPHERE

1. The atmosphere: composition and structure

2. The atmosphere that surronds us 3. Why the atmosphere is important

4. Air pollution

5. Our atmosphere’s natural resources

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1. THE ATMOSPHERE:

composition and structure

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2. THE ATMOSPHERE THAT SURROUNDS US

Clouds and precipitation

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Types of precipitation

Activity. Answer the questions:

a)What are the clouds?

b)How are clouds made?

c)What are the types of precipitation?

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3. WHY THE ATMOSPHERE IS IMPORTANT

1. It filters dangerous radiation and prevents it from reaching the Earth’s surface.

2. It contains oxygen and carbon dioxide: the gases we need to live

3. Wind originates in the atmosphere, which connects

the water cycle between the oceans and continents.

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Use of fossil fuels releases oxides of nitrogen and sulfur that react with vapour water

Human activities create changes in the atmosphere, which can harm living things

Use of CFCs in products like aerosols, fridges, air conditioners

Use of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide and other polluting gases

(greenhouse gases)

ACID RAIN

A HOLE IN THE OZONE LAYER

GREENHOUSE EFFECT AND GLOBAL WARMING

(it means the temperature on Earth is going up)

HUMAN ACTIVITIES NEGATIVE

EFFECTS CHANGES IN THE

ATMOSPHERE

It can harm or kill plants and freshwater animals

It exposes us to the Sun’s harmful ultraviolet solar rays,

an increase in skin cancer and it would affect animals

and plants

Climate change The poles are melting

Sea level is rising Floods in coastal areas

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Uso de combustibles fósiles libera óxidos de nitrógeno y azufre que reaccionan con el vapor de agua

Actividades humanas que generan cambios en la atmósfera, lo que puede dañar a los seres vivos

Uso de CFCs en productos como aerosoles, neveras y aires acondicionados

Uso de combustibles fósiles libera dióxido de carbono y otros gases contaminantes

(gases invernadero)

LLUVIA ÁCIDA

AGUJERO EN LA CAPA DE OZONO

EFECTO INVERNADERO Y CALENTAMIENTO GLOBAL

(debido a ello la temperatura en la Tierra está subiendo)

ACTIVIDADES

HUMANAS EFECTOS

NEGATIVOS CAMBIOSEN LA

ATMÓSFERA

Daña o mata plantas y animales de agua dulce

Nos expone a los rayos ultravioleta dañinos del Sol

Aumenta el cáncer de piel y podría afectar a los

animales y plantas

Cambio climático

Los polos se están fundiendo El nivel del mar está subiendo Inundación de zonas costeras

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Greenhouse effect

Proceso natural (que ocurre desde hace millones de años) en el que el calor emitido por la superficie terrestre se refleja en la atmósfera ya que es absorbida por los gases de

efecto invernadero (dióxido de carbono, metano,vapor de agua, óxido de nitrógeno, CFCs...) .

Es el efecto invernadero natural y gracias a ello la superficie de la Tierra y la troposfera se calienta haciendo posible la vida en el planeta.

Debido a determinadas actividades humanas los niveles de gases invernadero están aumentando lo que conlleva una mayor retención de

calor y un aumento de temperatura:

CALENTAMIENTO GLOBAL. Es el efecto invernadero inducido.

Consecuencias: cambio climático, fusión de los polos, aumento del nivel del mar e

inundación de zonas costeras

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Greenhouse effect

Thanks to it, the temperature in our planet is about 15ºC and it allows life on Earth to exist.

If there weren’t greenhouse gases, the temperature would be between -30ºC and -10ºC.

Natural greenhouse

effect Enhanced

(acentuado)

greenhouse effect

It’s caused by increases in the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and because of that the temperature of the Earth rises.

NEGATIVE EFFECTS: our climate is changing, the poles are melting and the sea level is rising.

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Greenhouse effect

Greenhouse gases: CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, CFC…

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Greenhouse effects

INTERESTING VIDEOS

(if you want to watch them, you only have to click twice)

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Greenhouse effect and global warming

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Acid Rain

Tipo de lluvia que se forma cuando los óxidos de nitrógeno y de azufre reaccionan con el vapor de agua de la atmósfera formando ácidos (ácido sulfúrico y nítrico) que formarán parte de las gotitas de agua.

Éstos óxidos de nitrógeno y azufre proceden del uso de combustibles fósiles en las fábricas, coches…

Las consecuencias son la acidificación de los suelos y lagos afectando a los seres vivos que habitan en estos lugares.

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A hole in the ozone layer

El agujero o, mejor dicho, el adelgazamiento de la capa de ozono, se produce cuando unas sustancias denominadas CFCs son liberadas a la atmósfera y reaccionan con el ozono de la estratosfera y lo destruyen. Cada átomo de cloro es capaz de destruir miles de moléculas de ozono.

Éstos CFCs proceden de la fabricación y uso de productos como aerosoles, neveras y aires condicionados.

Las consecuencias son la exposición a rayos ultravioleta dañinos del Sol, aumentando la tasa del cáncer de piel y provocando alteraciones del sistema inmunitario.

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Formation of ozone layer

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Human activities create changes in the atmosphere

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4. AIR POLLUTION

Activity. Answer the following questions

a) Define contaminación atmosférica

b) How can the atmosphere pollution be caused? Write examples of each ones.

c) Activity 9 on page 41.

d) Complete the table

e) How do you define smog? In which Spanish cities we can find smog?

f) Some mesasures to reduce the air pollution are:

Use public transport

Turn off the light when we don't use it Reuse plastic bag

Recycle glass

Write other three measures.

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Complete the concept map in your notebook.

INTERESTING VIDEOS

(if you want to watch them, you only have to click twice)

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5.OUR ATMOSPHERE’S NATURAL RESOURCES

The two main characteristics of renewable energies are:

1. Come from natural resources that do not run off

(contain an enourmous amount of energy or regenerate constantly)

2. They are clean energy because the don’t emit any pollutants

Examples: hydroelectric power, geothermal energy, wind power

and solar energy. Wind power and solar energy are related to the

atmosphere.

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WIND POWER

Wind power is produced by the wind and it is inexhaustible

Wind power has some disadvantages:

1. Sometimes no energy is produced:

when there is no wind or extremely strong wind

2. Noise of the turbines 3. Visual pollution

4. Can harm birds

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Solar energy

SOLAR PANELS or SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTORS

(colectores solares térmicos)

PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS

are used are used

TO HEAT WATER TO OBTAIN ELECTRICITY

We can get energy from the Sun through

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VOCABULARY

Nitrogen, oxygen, water vapour, carbon dioxide, ozone, atmospheric pressure.

Troposhere, stratosphere, mesosphere, ionosphere, thermosphere, exosphere closest, weather phenomena, cloud, ozone layer, shooting star.

Droplet, fall down, snow, hail.

Reach, acid rain, oxides of nitrogen, oxides of sulfur, harm, harmful, hole, the greenhouse effect, global warming, climate change, melt, rise.

Pollution, volcanic eruption, forest fire, stagnant water, lightning storm, marsh areas, fossil fuels, pollutant, pollen grain, allergy, itchy.

Natural resources, renewable energies, run out, wind power, solar energy, hydroelectric power, geothermal energy, inexhaustible, electricity, noise, solar thermal collectors, solar panels, photovoltaic panels.