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Africa Development Indicators 2012/13.
Washington, DC: World
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2012/13
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ISBN: 978-0-8213-9616-2
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DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9616-2
SKU: 19616
Foreword vii
Acknowledgments ix
Indicator tables
1
Users guide
3
Part I. Basic indicators and national and fi scal accounts
1. Basic indicators
1.1 Basic indicators
7
2. National and fi scal accounts
2.1 Gross domestic product, nominal
8
2.2 Gross domestic product, nominal
9
2.3 Gross domestic product, nominal
10
2.4 Gross domestic product per capita, real
11
2.5 Gross domestic product per capita growth
12
2.6 Gross national income, nominal
13
2.7 Gross national income,
World Bank Atlas
method
14
2.8 Gross national income per capita,
World Bank Atlas
method
15
2.9 Gross domestic product defl ator (U.S. dollar series)
16
2.10 Consumer price Index
17
2.11 Consumer price index, growth
18
2.12 Price indices
19
2.13 Gross domestic savings
20
2.14 Gross national savings
21
2.15 General government fi nal consumption expenditure
22
2.16 Household fi nal consumption expenditure
23
2.17 Final consumption expenditure plus discrepancy
24
2.18 Final consumption expenditure plus discrepancy per capita
25
2.19 Gross fi xed capital formation
26
2.20 Gross general government fi xed capital formation
27
2.21 Private sector fi xed capital formation
28
2.22 External trade balance (exports minus imports)
29
2.23 Exports of goods and services, nominal
30
2.24 Imports of goods and services, nominal
31
2.25 Exports of goods and services as a share of GDP
32
2.26 Imports of goods and services as a share of GDP
33
2.27 Balance of payments and current account
34
2.28 Exchange rates and purchasing power parity
36
2.29 Agriculture value added
38
2.32 Central government fi nances
41
2.33 Central government expenses
43
2.34 Central government revenues
45
2.35 Structure of demand
47
Part II. Millennium Development Goals
3. Millennium Development Goals
3.1 Millennium Development Goal 1: eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
48
3.2 Millennium Development Goal 2: achieve universal primary education
51
3.3 Millennium Development Goal 3: promote gender equity and empower women
52
3.4 Millennium Development Goal 4: reduce child mortality
53
3.5 Millennium Development Goal 5: improve maternal health
54
3.6 Millennium Development Goal 6: combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
55
3.7 Millennium Development Goal 7: ensure environmental sustainability
57
3.8 Millennium Development Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
59
Part III. Development outcomes
Drivers of growth
4. Private sector development
4.1 Doing Business
61
4.2 Investment climate
64
4.3 Financial sector infrastructure
66
5. Trade and regional integration
5.1 International trade and tariff barriers
68
5.2 Top three exports and share in total exports, 2010
72
5.3 Regional integration, trade blocs
74
6. Infrastructure
6.1 Water and sanitation
74
6.2 Transportation
75
6.3 Information and communication technology
77
6.4 Energy
80
Participating in growth
7. Human development
7.1 Education
84
7.2 Health
86
8. Agriculture, rural development, and environment
8.1 Rural development
90
8.2 Agriculture
92
8.3 Producer food prices
94
8.4 Environment
96
9.2 Labor force composition
106
9.3 Unemployment
108
9.4 Migration and population
110
10. HIV/AIDS
10.1 HIV/AIDS
112
11. Malaria
11.1 Malaria
116
12. Capable states and partnership
12.1 Aid and debt relief
117
12.2 Status of Paris Declaration indicators
120
12.3 Capable states
122
12.4 Governance and anticorruption indicators
124
12.5 Country Policy and Institutional Assessment ratings
126
12.6 Polity indicators
130
Technical notes
131
Technical notes references
190
Primary data documentation
192
For over a decade, Sub-Saharan Africa has
been experiencing relatively rapid economic
growth, averaging about 5 percent a year.
Emblematic of this growth is the
informa-tion and communicainforma-tions technology (ICT)
revolution in Africa, with over 80 percent
of urban Africans with access to cellphones.
Th
anks to economic growth, poverty has
been declining, with the absolute number of
people living on less than $1.25 a day falling
(by about 9 million) for the fi rst time in
his-tory. At the same time, Africa has the lowest
human development indicators, with one in
16 children dying before their fi fth birthday.
Striking as they are, these averages mask
the great diversity of the African continent.
This year’s
Africa Development Indicators,
with data on 1,700 indicators stretching
back to 1960, provides a detailed picture of
the variety of the continent’s development
experience, across space and over time. For
instance:
•
While Africa’s gross national income per
capita was US$1,589 in 2010, it ranged
from US$180 to US$13,720.
• Of the 89 million recorded internet
users in SSA, half of them were in
Nige-ria. Two countries (Kenya and Nigeria)
account for 62 percent of Internet
us-ers. However, Seychelles has the highest
number of Internet users per 100 people.
• Although poverty is declining,
Af-rica has the highest poverty rate in the
world, with 47.5 percent of the
popula-tion living on $1.25 a day. Th
ey account
for 30 percent of the world’s poor.
• Th irty-nine countries had child
mortali-ty reductions of over 12 percent over the
last 20 years with the largest decline of
over 50 percent in Malawi, Madagascar,
Eritrea and Liberia.
A central question is why Africa is
do-ing so much better today than it was, say, 20
years ago. Th
e answer includes several
fac-tors, such as debt relief, increased aid, high
commodity prices—and improved
macro-economic policies. Th
ese policies are the
re-sult of decisions by African policy makers
who, in turn, are increasingly accountable to
their citizens. And an informed citizenry is
better able to hold its leaders to account.
On its part, the World Bank continues
to make all its data freely available,
result-ing in continually growresult-ing use of its online
resources. Th is volume is part of the
Africa
Development Indicators
suite of products,
which also includes
Th e Little Data Book on
Africa 2012/13
and
Th e Little Data Book on
Gender in Africa 2012/13
, the
Africa
Develop-ment Indicators 2012/13
CD-ROM, and a data
query and charting application for mobile
ser-vices. All of these publications help to equip
the public with information, so they can
con-tribute to an evidence-based debate that will
eventually lead to better public policies.
In short,
Africa Development Indicators
not only documents Africa’s transformation;
it supports it.
Makhtar Diop
Africa Development Indicators
is a product of
the Africa Region of the World Bank.
Th
is report has been prepared by a core
team led by Rose Mungai comprising
Fran-coise Genouille and Ayago Esmubancha
Wambile in the production of this book and
its companions—
Africa Development
Indica-tors Online 2012/13,
and
Th e Little Data Book
on Africa 2012/13
and
Th e Little Data Book on
Gender in Africa 2012/13
. Yohannes Kebede
coordinated the ADI Online Apps platform
while Mapi Buitano coordinated the
dissemi-nation of the book and its companions. Aby
Toure managed the communication aspect.
Francoise Genouille coordinated all stages of
production. Th
e overall work was carried out
under the guidance of Shantayanan
Devara-jan, Chief Economist of the Africa Region.
Th
e technical box contributors were:
•
Andrew Dabalen and Rose Mungai (Africa
New Dollar Per Day [PPP] Poverty
Esti-mates [$1.25/day] in 2008 )
• DIME (What’s the Coolest Region for
doing Impact Evaluation? It’s Africa)
•
Jos Verbeek and Jose Alejandro Quijada
(Africa and the MDGs: 2015 and Beyond)
•
Markus Goldstein (Gender)
•
Rabia Ali and Jishnu Das (Gender Diff
er-ences in Risks of Death: Africa’s Excess
Female Mortality and Trends Over Time)
• Sumila Gulyani, Ellen Bassett and
De-babrata Talukdar (A Multidimensional
Portrait of Poverty and Living
Condi-tions in Slums)
•
Punam Chuhan-Pole and Vijdan Korman
(CPIA results for Africa)
Azita Amjadi, Abdolreza Farivari, Shelley
Lai Fu, Ugendran Machakkalai, Shanmugam
Natarajan, and Malarvizhi Veerappan
collab-orated in the online data production. Mahyar
Eshragh-Tabary, Masako Hiraga, Maurice
Nsabimana, and Soong Sup Lee collaborated
in the update of the live database. Software
preparation and testing for mobile
applica-tions was managed by Shelley Lai Fu, with the
assistance of Ramgopal Erabelly and Parastoo
Oloumi. Federico Escaler and William Prince
collaborated in the production of
Th e Little
Data Book on Africa 2012/13
and
Th e Little
Data Book on Gender in Africa 2012/13.
Jeff rey Lecksell and Bruno Bonansea of
the World Bank’s Map Design Unit
coordi-nated preparation of the maps.
Kenneth Omondi provided administrative
and logistical support. Th
e core would like to
thank the many people who provided useful
comments on the publication. Th
eir feedback
and suggestions helped improve this year’s
edition.
Staff from External Aff airs oversaw
print-ing and dissemination of the book and its
companions.
Several institutions provided data to
Africa
Development Indicators
. Th
eir contribution is
very much appreciated.
Part I. Basic indicators and national and fi scal accounts
1. Basic indicators
1.1 Basic indicators
7
2. National and fi scal accounts
2.1 Gross domestic product, nominal
8
2.2 Gross domestic product, nominal
9
2.3 Gross domestic product, nominal
10
2.4 Gross domestic product per capita, real
11
2.5 Gross domestic product per capita growth
12
2.6 Gross national income, nominal
13
2.7 Gross national income,
World Bank Atlas
method
14
2.8 Gross national income per capita,
World Bank Atlas
method
15
2.9 Gross domestic product defl ator (U.S. dollar series)
16
2.10 Consumer price Index
17
2.11 Consumer price index, growth
18
2.12 Price indices
19
2.13 Gross domestic savings
20
2.14 Gross national savings
21
2.15 General government fi nal consumption expenditure
22
2.16 Household fi nal consumption expenditure
23
2.17 Final consumption expenditure plus discrepancy
24
2.18 Final consumption expenditure plus discrepancy per capita
25
2.19 Gross fi xed capital formation
26
2.20 Gross general government fi xed capital formation
27
2.21 Private sector fi xed capital formation
28
2.22 External trade balance (exports minus imports)
29
2.23 Exports of goods and services, nominal
30
2.24 Imports of goods and services, nominal
31
2.25 Exports of goods and services as a share of GDP
32
2.26 Imports of goods and services as a share of GDP
33
2.27 Balance of payments and current account
34
2.28 Exchange rates and purchasing power parity
36
2.29 Agriculture value added
38
2.30 Industry value added
39
2.31 Services plus discrepancy value added
40
2.32 Central government fi nances
41
2.33 Central government expenses
43
2.34 Central government revenues
45
2.35 Structure of demand
47
Part II. Millennium Development Goals
3. Millennium Development Goals
3.5 Millennium Development Goal 5: improve maternal health
54
3.6 Millennium Development Goal 6: combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
55
3.7 Millennium Development Goal 7: ensure environmental sustainability
57
3.8 Millennium Development Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
59
Part III. Development outcomes
Drivers of growth
4. Private sector development
4.1 Doing Business
61
4.2 Investment climate
64
4.3 Financial sector infrastructure
66
5. Trade and regional integration
5.1 International trade and tariff barriers
68
5.2 Top three exports and share in total exports, 2010
72
5.3 Regional integration, trade blocs
74
6. Infrastructure
6.1 Water and sanitation
74
6.2 Transportation
75
6.3 Information and communication technology
77
6.4 Energy
80
Participating in growth
7. Human development
7.1 Education
84
7.2 Health
86
8. Agriculture, rural development, and environment
8.1 Rural development
90
8.2 Agriculture
92
8.3 Producer food prices
94
8.4 Environment
96
8.5 Fossil fuel emissions
98
9. Labor, migration, and population
9.1 Labor force participation
100
9.2 Labor force composition
106
9.3 Unemployment
108
9.4 Migration and population
110
10. HIV/AIDS
10.1 HIV/AIDS
112
11. Malaria
11.1 Malaria
116
12. Capable states and partnership
12.1 Aid and debt relief
117
12.2 Status of Paris Declaration indicators
120
12.3 Capable states
122
12.4 Governance and anticorruption indicators
124
12.5 Country Policy and Institutional Assessment ratings
126
Tables
Th
e tables are numbered by section.
Coun-tries are listed alphabetically by subregion
(Sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa).
In-dicators are shown for the most recent year
or period for which data are available and, in
most tables, for an earlier year or period
(usu-ally 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000 or 2005 in this
edition). Time-series data are available on the
Africa Development Indicators
—CD-ROM and
the World Bank’s Open Data website (http://
data.worldbank.org). Th
e term country, used
interchangeably with economy, does not
im-ply political independence but refers to any
territory for which authorities report
sepa-rate social or economic statistics.
Known deviations from standard defi
ni-tions or breaks in comparability over time
or across countries are noted in the tables.
When available data are deemed too weak to
provide reliable measures of levels and trends
or do not adequately adhere to international
standards, the data are not shown.
Aggregate measure for region
and sub-classifi cations
Th
e aggregates are based on the World Bank’s
analytical regional classifi cation for
Sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa, which may
diff er from common geographic usage.
For-mer Spanish Sahara and Mayotte are not
in-cluded in any aggregates.
Statistics
Data are shown for economies as they were
constituted in 2010, and historical data are
revised to refl ect current political
arrange-ments. Exceptions are noted in the tables.
Additional information about the data
is provided in
Primary data documentation
,
which summarizes national and
internation-al eff orts to improve basic data collection and
gives country-level information on primary
sources, census years, and other background
information.
Data consistency, reliability,
and comparability
Considerable eff ort has been made to
har-monize the data, but full comparability
can-not be assured, and care must be taken in
interpreting indicators. Many factors aff ect
data availability, comparability, and
reliabil-ity. Statistical systems in many developing
economies are still weak; statistical
meth-ods, coverage practices and defi nitions diff er
widely and cross-country and intertemporal
comparisons involve complex technical and
conceptual problems that cannot be resolved
unequivocally. Data coverage may be
incom-plete because of circumstances aff ecting the
collection and reporting of data, such as
con-fl icts. Although drawn from sources thought
to be the most authoritative, data should be
construed as indicating trends and
character-izing diff erences across economies.
Discrep-ancies in data presented in earlier editions of
Africa Development Indicators
refl ect updates
from countries as well as revisions to
histori-cal series and changes in methodology.
Read-ers are therefore advised not to compare data
series between editions or across World Bank
publications.
Country notes
South Sudan declared its independence on
July 9, 2011. Data for Sudan include South
Sudan unless otherwise noted.
Classifi cation of economies
For operational and analytical purposes the
World Bank’s main criterion for classifying
economies is gross national income (GNI)
per capita (calculated by the
World Bank Atlas
into lower middle and upper middle), or high
income (table 1). Low- and middle income
economies are sometimes referred to as
de-veloping economies. Th
e term is used for
convenience; it is not intended to imply that
all economies in the group are experiencing
similar development or that other economies
have reached a preferred or fi nal stage of
development. Classifi cation by income does
not necessarily refl ect development status.
Because GNI per capita changes over time,
the country composition of income groups
may change from one edition of
Africa
Devel-opment Indicators
to the next. Once the
classi-fi cation is classi-fi xed for an edition, based on GNI
per capita in the most recent year for which
data are available (2010 in this edition), all
historical data presented are based on the
same country grouping.
Low-income economies are those with
a GNI per capita of $1,005 or less in 2010.
Middle-income economies are those with a
GNI per capita of more than $1,005 but less
than $12,275. Lower middle-income and
up-per middle-income economies are separated
at a GNI per capita of $3,976. High-income
economies are those with a GNI per capita of
$12,276 or more.
Alternative conversion factors
Th
e World Bank systematically assesses the
appropriateness of offi
cial exchange rates as
conversion factors. An alternative conversion
factor is used when the offi
cial exchange rate
is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large
margin from the rate eff ectively applied to
do-mestic transactions of foreign currencies and
traded products. See
Primary data
documen-tation
for list of countries using alternative
conversion factors. Alternative conversion
factors are used in the
Atlas
methodology
and elsewhere in
Africa Development
Indica-tors
as single-year conversion factors.
Symbols
..
means that data are not available
or that aggregates cannot be
cal-culated because of missing data in
the years shown.
$
means current U.S. dollars unless
otherwise noted.
<
means less than
In calculating GNI and GNI per capita in
U.S. dollars for certain operational
pur-poses, the World Bank uses the
Atlas
con-version factor.
The purpose of the
Atlas
conversion factor is to reduce the impact
of exchange rate fl uctuations in the
cross-country comparison of national incomes.
The
Atlas
conversion factor for any year is
the average of the offi cial exchange rate or
alternative conversion factor for that year
and for the two preceding years, adjusted
for difference between the rate of
infl ation
in the country and that in Japan, the United
Kingdom, the United States, and the euro
area. A country’s infl ation rate is measured
by the change in its GDP defl ator.
The infl ation rate for Japan, the United
Kingdom, the United States, and the euro
area, representing international infl ation, is
measured by the change in the “SDR defl
a-tor.”
The SDR (Special drawing rights or SDRs
are the International Monetary Fund’s unit of
account) is calculated as a weighted
aver-age of these countries GDP defl ators in SDR
terms, the weights being the amount of each
country’s currency in one SDR unit.
Weights
vary over time because both the composition
of the SDR and the relative exchange rates
for each currency change.
The SDR defl ator
is calculated in SDR terms fi rst and then
con-verted to U.S. dollars using the SDR to dollar
Atlas
conversion factor.
The
Atlas
conversion
factor is then applied to a country’s GNI.
The
resulting GNI in U.S. dollars is divided by the
midyear population for the latest of the three
years to derive GNI per capita.
When offi cial exchange rates are deemed
to be unreliable or unrepresentative of the
effective exchange rate during a period, an
alternative estimate of the exchange rate is
used in the
Atlas
formula below.
The following formulas describe the
procedures for computing the conversion
factor for year
t
:
and for calculating per capita GNI in U.S.
dollars for year
t:
where
et
* is the
Atlas
conversion factor
(na-tional currency to the U.S. dollar) for year
t,
et
is the average annual exchange rate
(na-tional currency to the U.S. dollar) for year
t,
pt
is the GDP defl ator for year
t,
pt
S$is the
SDR defl ator in U.S. dollar terms for year
t
,
Yt
$is current GNI per capita in U.S. dollars
>
means more than
0 or 0.0 means zero or small enough that
the number would round to zero
at the displayed number of decimal
places.
/
in dates, as in 2010/11, means that
the period of time, usually
cov-ers 12 months, but straddles two
calendar years and refers to a crop
year, a survey year or a fi scal year.
-
in dates, as in 2010-11, means that
the period of time, refers to 2010
and/or 2011
Data presentation conventions
• A blank means not applicable or, for an
aggregate, not analytically meaningful.
•
A billion is 1,000 million.
•
A trillion is 1,000 billion.
• Growth rates are in real terms, unless
otherwise specifi ed.
Th
e cutoff date for data for this
publication is August 2012.
However, it must be noted that the
database may have more recent data
by the time of this publication.
Middle income
Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income GNI per capita of
$1,005 or less
GNI per capita higher than $1,006 and less than $3,975
GNI per capita of $3,976 but less than $12,275
GNI per capita of $12,276 and over
Benin Burkina Faso Burundi
Central Africa Republic Chad
Comoros Congo, Dem. Rep. Eritrea Ethiopia Gambia, The Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mozambique Niger Rwanda Sierra Leone Somalia Tanzania Togo Uganda Zimbabwe
Angola Cameroon Cape Verde Congo, Rep. Côte d’Ivoire Djibouti Egypt, Arab Rep. Ghana Lesotho Mauritania Morocco Nigeria
São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal
South Sudan Sudan Swaziland Zambia
Algeria Botswana Gabon Libya Mauritius Namibia Seychelles South Africa Tunisia
Equatorial Guinea
Ta
b
le
1.1
Basic indicators
Population
Land area (thousands
of sq km)
Population density (people per sq km)
GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method (current $)
GDP per capita
Constant 2000 prices Life expectancy
at birth (years)
Under-fi ve mortality
rate (per 1,000)
Gini index
Adult literacy rate (% ages 15 and older)
Net offi cial development
assistance per capita (current $) Total
(millions) Growth
(annual %) $
Average annual
growth (%) Male Female
2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010a 2000–10 2010 2010 2000–10b 2009 2009 2010
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 844.0 2.5 23,616 35.7 1,202 653 2.6 54.2 122 .. .. 52.8
Excluding South Africa 794.0 2.5 22,401 35.4 895 458 3.2 54.3 125 .. 74.5 56.1 54.7
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria 635.6 2.5 21,491 29.6 824 437 3.0 55.0 120 .. .. .. 65.1
Angola 19.1 2.8 1,247 15.3 3,960 1,369 9.4 50.7 161 58.6 82.9 57.6 12.5
Benin 8.8 2.8 111 80.0 780 377 0.8 55.6 115 38.6 54.2 29.1 77.9
Botswana 2.0 1.3 567 3.5 6,750 4,190 2.7 53.1 48 .. 83.8 84.4 77.8
Burkina Faso 16.5 3.0 274 60.2 550 283 2.9 54.9 176 39.8 .. .. 64.5
Burundi 8.4 2.6 26 326.4 230 138 0.5 49.9 142 33.3 72.6 60.9 75.2
Cameroon 19.6 2.2 473 41.5 1,200 714 1.0 51.1 136 38.9 .. .. 27.6
Cape Verde 0.5 0.9 4 123.1 3,280 1,959 5.0 73.8 36 50.5 90.1 80.3 661.1
Central African Republic 4.4 1.9 623 7.1 470 240 -0.7 47.6 159 56.3 69.1 42.1 59.3
Chad 11.2 2.6 1,259 8.9 710 300 6.1 49.2 173 39.8 44.5 23.1 43.3
Comoros 0.7 2.6 2 395.0 750 336 -0.8 60.6 86 64.3 79.7 68.7 91.5
Congo, Dem. Rep. 66.0 2.7 2,267 29.1 180 106 2.5 48.1 170 44.4 79.5 54.9 53.7
Congo, Rep. 4.0 2.5 342 11.8 2,240 1,253 1.7 57.0 93 47.3 .. .. 324.6
Côte d’Ivoire 19.7 2.0 318 62.1 1,170 588 -0.6 54.7 123 41.5 64.7 45.3 42.8
Equatorial Guinea 0.7 2.8 28 25.0 13,720 8,537 12.4 50.8 121 .. 97.0 89.8 121.0
Eritrea 5.3 3.0 101 52.0 340 147 -2.9 61.0 61 .. 77.9 56.0 30.6
Ethiopia 82.9 2.2 1,000 83.0 390 221 6.3 58.7 106 29.8 .. .. 42.5
Gabon 1.5 1.9 258 5.8 7,680 4,214 0.2 62.3 74 41.5 91.4 84.1 69.1
Gambia, The 1.7 2.7 10 172.8 610 704 1.4 58.2 98 47.3 57.6 35.8 69.5
Ghana 24.4 2.4 228 107.2 1,250 360 3.4 63.8 74 42.8 72.8 60.4 69.4
Guinea 10.0 2.2 246 40.6 390 550 5.2 53.6 130 39.4 50.8 28.1 21.8
Guinea-Bissau 1.5 2.1 28 53.9 580 161 -0.5 47.7 150 35.5 66.9 38.0 92.0
Kenya 40.5 2.6 569 71.2 810 469 1.7 56.5 85 47.7 90.5 83.5 40.2
Lesotho 2.2 1.0 30 71.5 1,100 496 2.7 47.4 85 52.5 82.9 95.3 118.0
Liberia 4.0 4.0 96 41.5 210 261 1.7 56.2 103 38.2 63.7 54.5 355.3
Madagascar 20.7 2.9 582 35.6 430 243 0.3 66.5 62 44.1 .. .. 22.7
Malawi 14.9 3.1 94 158.1 330 185 2.3 53.5 92 39.0 80.6 67.0 68.6
Mali 15.4 3.0 1,220 12.6 600 273 2.0 51.0 178 33.0 .. .. 70.8
Mauritania 3.5 2.4 1,031 3.4 1,000 609 3.1 58.2 111 40.5 64.5 50.3 108.2
Mauritius 1.3 0.5 2 631.0 7,780 5,181 3.1 73.0 15 .. 90.6 85.3 97.8
Mozambique 23.4 2.3 786 29.7 440 384 4.9 49.7 135 45.7 70.1 41.5 83.4
Namibia 2.3 1.8 823 2.8 4,250 2,696 3.1 62.1 40 63.9 88.9 88.1 112.3
Niger 15.5 3.5 1,267 12.3 360 179 0.6 54.3 143 34.6 .. .. 48.0
Nigeria 158.4 2.5 911 173.9 1,170 540 4.1 51.4 143 48.8 72.0 49.8 13.0
Rwanda 10.6 3.0 25 430.6 520 337 4.8 55.1 91 53.1 75.0 66.8 97.2
São Tomé and Príncipe 0.2 1.8 1 172.3 1,250 .. .. 64.4 80 50.8 93.7 84.1 298.1
Senegal 12.4 2.7 193 64.6 1,080 562 1.5 59.0 75 39.2 61.8 38.7 74.6
Seychelles 0.1 (0.9) 0 188.1 10,460 8,788 1.8 73.0 14 65.8 .. .. 647.7
Sierra Leone 5.9 2.2 72 81.9 340 268 5.0 47.4 174 42.5 52.7 30.1 79.6
Somalia 9.3 2.3 627 14.9 .. .. .. 50.9 180 .. .. .. 53.3
South Africa 50.0 1.4 1,214 41.2 6,090 3,753 2.7 52.1 57 63.1 .. .. 20.6
Sudan 33.6 1.9 2,376 18.3 1,300 524 4.1 61.1 103 35.3 .. .. 61.8
Swaziland 1.1 1.1 17 61.4 2,930 1,811 2.1 48.3 78 51.5 87.8 86.2 86.6
Tanzania 44.8 3.0 886 50.6 530 459 4.2 57.4 92 37.6 79.0 66.9 66.0
Togo 6.0 2.1 54 110.8 550 265 0.1 56.6 103 34.4 .. .. 69.5
Uganda 33.4 3.2 200 167.3 500 380 4.3 53.6 99 44.3 .. .. 51.6
Zambia 12.9 1.6 743 17.4 1,070 432 3.1 48.5 111 54.6 80.6 61.3 70.7
Zimbabwe 12.6 0.8 387 32.5 480 321 -6.2 49.9 80 .. 94.7 89.4 58.3
NORTH AFRICA 166.3 1.5 5,762 28.9 3,533 2,313 3.2 72.8 27 .. .. 16.4
Algeria 35.5 1.5 2,382 14.9 4,390 2,232 2.3 72.9 36 .. .. .. 5.6
Djibouti 0.9 1.9 23 38.3 .. .. 2.0 57.5 91 40.0 .. .. 148.8
Egypt, Arab Rep. 81.1 1.8 995 81.5 2,420 1,976 3.2 73.0 22 30.8 .. .. 7.3
Libya 6.4 1.5 1,760 3.6 .. .. 3.3 74.8 17 .. 95.2 82.0 1.3
Morocco 32.0 1.0 446 71.6 2,850 1,844 3.7 71.9 36 40.9 68.9 43.9 31.1
Tunisia 10.5 1.0 155 67.9 4,140 3,144 3.7 74.6 16 41.4 .. .. 52.2
AFRICA 1,010.3 2.3 29,378 34.4 1,586 926 2.6 57.2 113 .. .. .. 47.3
a. Provisional.
Ta
b
le
Current prices
($ millions) Annual average growth (%)
1980 1990 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010a 1980–89 1990–99 2000–10
2.1
Gross domestic product, nominal
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 271,551 300,415 558,699 651,778 760,711 881,782 1,009,242 953,418 1,117,459 1.0 1.5 14.6
Excluding South Africa 192,649 188,529 339,519 404,659 499,793 595,804 735,892 670,761 754,176 -0.7 1.2 15.9
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria 124,292 160,121 251,329 291,954 352,311 429,206 527,924 501,543 556,563 3.0 0.8 15.1 Angola .. 10,260 19,775 28,234 41,789 60,449 84,178 75,492 82,471 .. -3.8 30.4 Benin 1,405 1,845 4,047 4,287 4,735 5,546 6,683 6,585 6,558 2.4 3.5 12.6 Botswana 1,061 3,792 10,049 10,255 11,256 12,379 13,443 11,537 14,905 12.6 4.7 10.3 Burkina Faso 1,929 3,101 5,109 5,463 5,845 6,756 8,351 8,348 8,825 4.8 0.0 13.9 Burundi 920 1,132 899 1,117 1,237 1,319 1,621 1,815 2,027 2.2 -3.3 10.7 Cameroon 6,741 11,152 15,775 16,588 17,957 20,684 23,736 22,182 22,480 7.4 -2.5 10.2 Cape Verde 142 307 924 972 1,108 1,331 1,562 1,601 1,659 8.7 7.0 13.3 Central African Republic 797 1,488 1,270 1,350 1,477 1,696 1,983 1,980 1,985 8.1 -4.3 8.9 Chad 1,033 1,739 4,415 5,302 6,099 7,016 8,357 7,085 8,541 5.7 -1.3 21.4
Comoros 124 250 362 387 403 465 530 535 541 8.0 -2.0 11.1
Congo, Dem. Rep. 14,395 9,350 6,512 7,191 8,824 10,014 11,675 11,204 13,110 -6.2 -7.1 12.3 Congo, Rep. 1,706 2,799 4,649 6,087 7,731 8,395 11,859 9,594 12,008 2.3 -2.4 17.7 Côte d'Ivoire 10,175 10,796 15,481 16,363 17,367 19,796 23,414 23,042 22,921 2.0 2.2 9.6 Equatorial Guinea .. 132 5,241 8,217 9,603 12,575 18,424 12,233 14,500 .. 22.5 31.4 Eritrea .. .. 1,109 1,098 1,211 1,318 1,380 1,857 2,117 .. 7.2 12.6 Ethiopia .. 12,083 10,054 12,307 15,164 19,553 26,642 31,963 29,684 5.9 -5.7 17.4 Gabon 4,279 5,952 7,178 8,666 9,546 11,571 14,530 10,946 13,200 -0.5 -1.7 12.5
Gambia, The 241 317 579 636 667 833 1,037 983 1,050 1.7 6.8 5.3
Ghana 4,445 5,886 8,872 10,720 20,388 24,632 28,527 25,979 32,175 3.2 2.6 23.8 Guinea .. 2,667 3,666 2,937 2,821 4,209 3,778 4,165 4,736 .. 3.0 4.0
Guinea-Bissau 111 244 523 573 579 691 847 835 835 3.7 -0.6 17.4
Kenya 7,265 8,591 16,096 18,738 22,504 27,237 30,519 30,580 32,198 2.6 7.7 11.7 Lesotho 431 541 1,234 1,368 1,429 1,597 1,626 1,711 2,179 -0.8 4.1 12.6
Liberia 855 384 467 542 604 739 851 879 988 0.8 1.8 7.6
Madagascar 4,042 3,081 4,364 5,039 5,515 7,343 9,395 8,488 8,721 -5.2 3.4 9.2 Malawi 1,238 1,881 2,625 2,755 3,117 3,458 4,074 4,728 5,054 1.8 0.2 11.1 Mali 1,787 2,421 4,874 5,305 5,866 7,146 8,738 8,965 9,422 3.4 0.4 15.4 Mauritania 709 1,020 1,833 2,184 3,041 3,357 3,585 3,027 3,614 3.5 1.7 13.1 Mauritius 1,137 2,653 6,386 6,284 6,507 7,792 9,641 8,825 9,714 8.8 5.8 8.7 Mozambique 3,526 2,463 5,698 6,579 7,096 8,030 9,891 9,674 9,209 -4.7 8.3 10.7 Namibia 2,169 2,350 6,606 7,262 7,981 8,806 8,840 8,931 11,133 0.1 4.6 11.7 Niger 2,509 2,481 3,053 3,405 3,645 4,291 5,370 5,254 5,411 -0.2 -1.8 12.8 Nigeria 64,202 28,472 87,845 112,249 146,867 165,921 207,118 168,568 196,838 -12.0 3.2 18.2 Rwanda 1,163 2,584 2,089 2,581 3,111 3,738 4,712 5,253 5,624 8.6 -2.0 15.1 São Tomé and Príncipe .. .. 107 114 124 144 183 196 201 .. .. 11.7 Senegal 3,503 5,717 8,030 8,714 9,378 11,320 13,386 12,769 12,855 6.2 -1.8 12.4
Seychelles 147 369 700 917 1,020 1,019 962 841 963 9.3 6.0 5.2
Sierra Leone 1,101 650 1,096 1,239 1,422 1,664 1,955 1,856 1,910 -4.3 0.6 11.9
Somalia 604 917 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.4 .. ..
South Africa 80,710 112,014 219,093 247,064 261,007 286,172 273,870 283,012 363,523 4.2 2.1 12.0 Sudan 7,617 12,409 21,685 27,387 36,393 46,533 58,032 54,633 66,997 10.1 0.8 20.6 Swaziland 543 1,115 2,421 2,584 2,948 3,054 3,020 2,950 3,698 1.9 4.5 11.0 Tanzania .. 4,259 12,826 14,142 14,331 16,826 20,715 21,368 22,915 .. 10.1 9.3 Togo 1,136 1,628 1,937 2,115 2,203 2,523 3,163 3,156 3,176 4.5 -0.1 10.7 Uganda 1,245 4,304 7,940 9,237 9,977 11,916 14,441 15,803 17,197 20.7 8.8 12.7 Zambia 3,884 3,288 5,439 7,179 10,702 11,541 14,641 12,805 16,193 -3.1 0.2 19.7 Zimbabwe 6,679 8,784 5,806 5,755 5,444 5,292 4,416 5,836 7,476 -0.1 -1.4 -1.2
NORTH AFRICA 111,794 172,644 286,041 328,540 381,921 453,093 561,720 524,944 586,796 4.8 4.3 11.1
Algeria 42,345 62,045 85,014 102,339 117,169 135,804 170,989 138,120 161,979 4.5 -1.2 13.7
Djibouti .. 452 666 709 769 848 983 1,049 .. .. 1.7 7.6
Egypt, Arab Rep. 22,912 43,130 78,845 89,686 107,484 130,478 162,818 188,984 218,894 6.8 10.8 9.2 Libya .. 28,905 33,385 44,000 56,484 71,803 93,168 62,360 .. .. -0.9 15.0 Morocco 18,821 25,821 56,948 59,524 65,637 75,226 88,883 90,908 90,803 3.7 5.1 10.9 Tunisia 8,743 12,291 31,183 32,283 34,377 38,934 44,880 43,522 44,238 2.3 7.3 8.6
AFRICA 386,370 472,965 843,939 979,376 1,141,531 1,333,613 1,569,577 1,477,045 1,704,989 2.2 2.6 13.2
Ta
Constant prices
(2000 $ millions) Annual average growth (%)
1980 1990 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010a 1980–89 1990–99 2000–10
2.2
Gross domestic product, real
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 227,134 273,077 406,992 431,505 458,686 488,918 513,732 524,769 550,762 1.8 2.4 5.2
Excluding South Africa 131,834 162,145 254,784 271,274 289,484 310,343 328,716 342,653 363,414 2.1 2.7 5.9
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria 98,923 127,126 195,946 209,263 223,630 240,245 254,412 263,133 277,664 2.6 2.8 5.7 Angola .. 8,464 12,383 14,644 17,680 21,675 24,669 25,265 26,126 .. 1.0 12.9 Benin 1,084 1,412 2,650 2,727 2,839 2,970 3,121 3,240 3,337 2.7 4.7 4.0 Botswana 1,150 3,229 7,160 7,278 7,652 8,020 8,255 7,857 8,408 10.9 5.5 4.1 Burkina Faso 1,101 1,556 3,296 3,581 3,823 3,961 4,191 4,315 4,656 4.0 5.5 5.9 Burundi 659 1,019 922 930 980 1,027 1,079 1,117 1,159 4.5 -3.2 3.4 Cameroon 6,339 8,793 11,815 12,087 12,476 12,913 13,287 13,553 13,987 4.5 1.3 3.3
Cape Verde .. 280 658 701 772 838 890 923 972 6.3 5.9 6.3
Central African Republic 735 815 892 914 949 984 1,003 1,020 1,054 1.6 1.8 1.0 Chad 665 1,106 2,572 3,018 3,024 3,030 3,018 2,982 3,369 6.7 2.3 9.4
Comoros 136 181 222 232 234 236 238 242 247 2.9 1.2 1.9
Congo, Dem. Rep. 7,016 7,659 4,921 5,304 5,600 5,950 6,316 6,495 6,961 2.1 -5.0 5.5 Congo, Rep. 1,746 2,796 3,647 3,932 4,173 4,107 4,335 4,659 5,067 3.8 0.8 4.4 Côte d'Ivoire 7,727 8,298 10,287 10,417 10,488 10,668 10,916 11,331 11,603 0.7 3.5 1.1 Equatorial Guinea .. 207 3,815 4,187 4,239 5,148 5,698 6,025 5,979 .. 20.7 15.7
Eritrea .. .. 782 802 794 805 726 754 771 .. 7.9 0.7
Ethiopia .. 6,234 9,993 11,174 12,384 13,803 15,292 16,638 18,291 2.1 3.7 8.8 Gabon 3,594 4,298 5,361 5,523 5,588 5,899 6,036 5,951 6,344 0.5 2.9 2.2 Gambia, The 399 569 921 924 955 1,012 1,076 1,147 1,217 3.5 2.7 4.4 Ghana 2,640 3,267 6,010 6,364 6,771 7,209 7,817 8,129 8,779 2.6 4.3 5.9 Guinea .. 2,088 3,585 4,938 5,062 5,150 5,405 5,390 5,494 .. 4.5 7.1
Guinea-Bissau 115 186 204 211 215 222 229 236 244 3.8 1.4 1.5
Kenya 7,078 10,544 14,327 15,173 16,134 17,262 17,526 17,990 18,988 4.1 2.2 4.4
Lesotho 377 504 838 860 898 940 991 1,019 1,076 2.4 4.0 3.7
Liberia 1,312 408 543 595 653 755 835 944 1,041 -3.3 0.2 5.2
Madagascar 3,099 3,266 4,148 4,339 4,557 4,842 5,187 4,949 5,027 0.8 1.7 3.4 Malawi 1,000 1,243 1,875 1,924 2,072 2,192 2,375 2,590 2,758 2.4 3.8 5.3 Mali 1,536 1,630 3,105 3,294 3,469 3,618 3,799 3,970 4,200 0.6 3.9 5.2 Mauritania 825 972 1,489 1,622 1,928 1,960 2,028 2,004 2,108 1.9 3.2 5.9 Mauritius 1,519 2,726 5,261 5,327 5,537 5,862 6,186 6,373 6,636 6.1 5.0 3.9 Mozambique 2,462 2,499 5,918 6,484 6,893 7,395 7,901 8,401 8,972 -0.9 6.0 7.6 Namibia 2,292 2,591 4,850 4,972 5,324 5,610 5,799 5,774 6,155 1.1 4.0 5.0 Niger 1,523 1,507 2,091 2,185 2,312 2,391 2,599 2,575 2,781 -0.4 2.4 4.2 Nigeria 31,452 34,978 58,731 61,902 65,740 69,980 74,179 79,372 85,582 0.8 2.4 6.7 Rwanda 1,368 1,673 2,293 2,507 2,737 2,888 3,211 3,343 3,584 2.5 -1.6 7.5
São Tomé and Príncipe .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Senegal 2,683 3,463 5,579 5,893 6,042 6,335 6,570 6,707 6,984 2.7 2.8 4.2
Seychelles 292 395 556 598 653 716 709 713 760 3.1 4.5 2.6
Sierra Leone 929 1,014 1,125 1,206 1,294 1,377 1,454 1,500 1,574 0.5 -5.3 8.8
Somalia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
South Africa 95,503 110,945 152,329 160,367 169,354 178,749 185,217 182,370 187,640 1.4 2.0 3.9 Sudan 5,525 7,062 15,088 16,043 17,855 19,669 21,014 21,847 22,819 2.4 5.4 6.7 Swaziland 470 1,139 1,651 1,692 1,748 1,809 1,852 1,874 1,912 7.4 3.3 2.5 Tanzania .. 7,547 13,335 14,318 15,282 16,375 17,593 18,652 19,966 .. 2.8 7.1 Togo 939 1,043 1,352 1,368 1,423 1,456 1,491 1,539 1,596 1.5 3.6 2.3 Uganda .. 3,293 8,055 8,565 9,489 10,287 11,183 11,993 12,701 2.3 7.2 7.7 Zambia 2,730 3,028 3,886 4,093 4,348 4,617 4,880 5,192 5,587 1.0 0.3 5.6 Zimbabwe 3,654 5,622 4,834 4,558 4,400 4,239 3,490 3,699 4,032 3.3 2.9 -6.3
NORTH AFRICA 120,356 180,141 289,670 304,277 321,442 338,372 355,930 369,193 384,775 4.2 3.2 4.8
Algeria 35,291 46,367 66,190 69,565 70,956 73,085 74,839 76,635 79,164 2.9 1.7 3.9
Djibouti .. 660 619 638 669 703 744 781 .. .. -2.3 4.0
Egypt, Arab Rep. 38,506 65,579 113,666 118,749 126,876 135,869 145,592 152,415 160,259 5.5 4.3 5.1 Libya .. .. 37,771 41,511 43,960 46,598 48,368 49,384 .. .. .. 5.4 Morocco 20,086 29,312 45,835 47,201 50,863 52,240 55,158 57,783 59,908 4.2 2.4 4.9 Tunisia 9,545 13,547 25,589 26,613 28,118 29,878 31,228 32,196 33,161 3.2 4.6 4.7
AFRICA 350,017 454,583 696,649 735,761 780,101 827,251 869,622 893,935 935,730 2.6 2.7 5.0
Ta
b
le
Annual growth (%)
1980 1990 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010a
Annual average
1980–89 1990–99 2000–10
2.3
Gross domestic product growth
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 4.0 1.2 6.1 6.0 6.3 6.6 5.1 2.2 5.0 2.2 2.1 4.8
Excluding South Africa 1.8 2.2 7.1 6.5 6.7 7.2 5.9 4.2 6.1 2.1 2.5 5.4
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria 0.7 0.7 6.0 6.8 6.9 7.4 5.9 3.4 5.5 2.6 2.4 5.2
Angola .. -0.3 11.2 18.3 20.7 22.6 13.8 2.4 3.4 4.2 1.0 10.6
Benin 6.8 3.2 3.1 2.9 4.1 4.6 5.1 3.8 3.0 3.1 4.5 4.2
Botswana 12.0 6.8 6.0 1.6 5.1 4.8 2.9 -4.8 7.0 11.5 5.9 4.3
Burkina Faso 0.8 -0.6 4.6 8.7 6.8 3.6 5.8 3.0 7.9 3.7 5.1 5.6
Burundi 1.0 3.5 4.8 0.9 5.4 4.8 5.1 3.5 3.8 4.3 -1.4 3.0
Cameroon -2.0 -6.1 3.7 2.3 3.2 3.5 2.9 2.0 3.2 4.0 0.4 3.4
Cape Verde .. 0.7 4.3 6.5 10.1 8.7 6.2 3.7 5.2 6.4 5.2 7.1
Central African Republic -4.5 -2.2 1.0 2.4 3.8 3.7 2.0 1.7 3.3 0.9 1.3 1.1
Chad -6.1 -4.2 33.6 17.3 0.2 0.2 -0.4 -1.2 13.0 5.4 2.2 8.8
Comoros .. 5.1 -0.2 4.2 1.2 0.5 1.0 1.8 2.1 2.7 1.6 2.0
Congo, Dem. Rep. 2.2 -6.6 6.6 7.8 5.6 6.3 6.2 2.8 7.2 1.8 -5.5 3.9
Congo, Rep. 17.6 1.0 3.5 7.8 6.1 -1.6 5.6 7.5 8.8 6.8 0.8 5.0
Côte d'Ivoire -11.0 -1.1 1.8 1.3 0.7 1.7 2.3 3.8 2.4 -0.2 2.6 0.7
Equatorial Guinea .. 3.3 38.0 9.8 1.3 21.4 10.7 5.7 -0.8 0.9 20.2 17.7
Eritrea .. .. 1.5 2.6 -1.0 1.4 -9.8 3.9 2.2 .. 8.1 0.8
Ethiopia .. 2.7 13.6 11.8 10.8 11.5 10.8 8.8 9.9 2.4 2.7 8.3
Gabon 2.6 5.2 1.4 3.0 1.2 5.6 2.3 -1.4 6.6 1.9 2.5 1.9
Gambia, The 6.3 3.6 7.1 0.3 3.4 6.0 6.3 6.7 6.1 3.9 3.1 4.6
Ghana 0.5 3.3 5.6 5.9 6.4 6.5 8.4 4.0 8.0 2.0 4.3 5.7
Guinea .. 4.3 2.3 37.8 2.5 1.8 4.9 -0.3 1.9 4.5 4.3 5.9
Guinea-Bissau -16.0 6.1 2.2 3.5 2.1 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.5 2.9 2.0 1.9
Kenya 5.6 4.2 5.1 5.9 6.3 7.0 1.5 2.6 5.6 4.2 2.2 3.8
Lesotho -2.7 6.5 2.3 2.7 4.3 4.7 5.4 2.9 5.6 2.2 4.1 3.9
Liberia -4.1 -51.0 -5.1 9.5 9.8 15.7 10.5 13.1 10.3 -4.5 1.2 10.1
Madagascar 0.8 3.1 5.3 4.6 5.0 6.2 7.1 -4.6 1.6 0.4 1.6 3.0
Malawi 0.4 5.7 5.5 2.6 7.7 5.8 8.3 9.0 6.5 1.7 4.1 4.5
Mali -4.3 -1.9 2.2 6.1 5.3 4.3 5.0 4.5 5.8 0.6 3.6 5.5
Mauritania 3.4 -1.8 5.8 9.0 18.9 1.6 3.5 -1.2 5.2 2.2 2.9 4.6
Mauritius -10.1 7.2 5.8 1.2 4.0 5.9 5.5 3.0 4.1 4.3 5.2 4.3
Mozambique .. 1.0 7.9 9.6 6.3 7.3 6.8 6.3 6.8 0.4 5.6 7.2
Namibia .. 2.5 12.3 2.5 7.1 5.4 3.4 -0.4 6.6 1.1 4.1 4.6
Niger -2.2 -1.3 0.1 4.5 5.8 3.4 8.7 -0.9 8.0 0.0 1.9 4.0
Nigeria 4.2 8.2 10.6 5.4 6.2 6.5 6.0 7.0 7.8 0.9 3.1 6.4
Rwanda 9.0 -2.4 7.4 9.3 9.2 5.5 11.2 4.1 7.2 3.2 2.1 7.6
São Tomé and Príncipe .. .. 6.6 -1.4 6.7 6.0 9.1 4.0 4.5 .. .. 5.8
Senegal -3.3 -0.7 5.9 5.6 2.5 4.9 3.7 2.1 4.1 2.4 2.7 4.0
Seychelles -4.3 7.0 -2.9 7.5 9.3 9.6 -1.0 0.5 6.7 2.1 4.9 2.5
Sierra Leone 4.8 3.4 7.5 7.2 7.3 6.4 5.5 3.2 5.0 1.1 -4.3 9.2
Somalia -3.9 -1.5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.7 -1.5 ..
South Africa 6.6 -0.3 4.6 5.3 5.6 5.6 3.6 -1.5 2.9 2.2 1.4 3.6
Sudan 1.5 -5.5 1.8 6.3 11.3 10.2 6.8 4.0 4.5 3.4 4.4 6.5
Swaziland 12.5 21.0 2.9 2.5 3.3 3.5 2.4 1.2 2.0 8.6 4.9 2.2
Tanzania .. 7.1 7.8 7.4 6.7 7.2 7.4 6.0 7.0 3.8 3.3 6.8
Togo 14.6 -0.2 2.1 1.2 4.1 2.3 2.4 3.2 3.7 2.6 2.6 1.9
Uganda .. 6.5 6.8 6.3 10.8 8.4 8.7 7.3 5.9 3.0 6.9 7.1
Zambia 3.0 -0.5 5.4 5.3 6.2 6.2 5.7 6.4 7.6 1.4 0.4 5.4
Zimbabwe 14.4 7.0 -5.8 -5.7 -3.5 -3.7 -17.7 6.0 9.0 5.2 2.9 -4.4
NORTH AFRICA 5.2 4.1 4.7 5.0 5.6 5.3 5.2 3.7 4.2 4.3 3.3 4.4
Algeria 0.8 0.8 5.2 5.1 2.0 3.0 2.4 2.4 3.3 2.8 1.6 3.6
Djibouti .. .. 3.8 3.2 4.8 5.1 5.8 5.0 .. .. -2.0 3.6
Egypt, Arab Rep. 10.0 5.7 4.1 4.5 6.8 7.1 7.2 4.7 5.2 5.9 4.3 4.9
Libya .. .. 4.4 9.9 5.9 6.0 3.8 2.1 .. .. .. 4.3
Morocco 3.6 4.0 4.8 3.0 7.8 2.7 5.6 4.8 3.7 3.9 2.8 4.6
Tunisia 7.4 8.0 6.0 4.0 5.7 6.3 4.5 3.1 3.0 3.6 5.1 4.4
AFRICA 4.4 2.2 5.5 5.6 6.0 6.0 5.1 2.8 4.7 2.9 2.5 4.6
Ta
2.4
Gross domestic product per capita, real
Constant prices (2000 $)
Annual average growth (%)
1980 1990 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010a 1980–89 1990–99 2000–10
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 594 539 558 577 599 623 639 637 653 -0.9 -0.5 2.6
Excluding South Africa 372 344 373 387 403 421 435 443 458 -0.8 -0.2 3.2
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria 354 340 359 373 389 408 421 425 437 -0.2 -0.2 3.0
Angola .. 819 776 888 1,039 1,237 1,368 1,362 1,369 .. -2.5 9.4
Benin 300 296 358 357 361 366 374 377 377 -0.2 1.4 0.8
Botswana 1,154 2,336 3,866 3,880 4,025 4,161 4,223 3,965 4,190 7.4 3.1 2.7
Burkina Faso 153 167 239 252 261 263 270 270 283 1.4 2.8 2.9
Burundi 160 182 131 128 131 133 136 137 138 1.4 -3.4 0.5
Cameroon 696 722 688 689 695 704 708 707 714 1.4 -1.5 1.0
Cape Verde .. 804 1,409 1,482 1,614 1,736 1,827 1,878 1,959 .. 3.2 5.0 Central African Republic 323 278 226 227 232 236 237 236 240 -1.2 -0.8 -0.7
Chad 146 184 271 308 300 292 283 273 300 3.4 -0.5 6.1
Comoros 412 413 355 360 355 347 341 338 336 -0.3 -1.4 -0.8
Congo, Dem. Rep. 260 210 88 92 95 98 101 101 106 -1.2 -8.8 2.5
Congo, Rep. 971 1,170 1,058 1,113 1,150 1,101 1,130 1,182 1,253 2.3 -2.0 1.7
Côte d'Ivoire 909 663 580 578 572 572 575 586 588 -3.0 0.1 -0.6
Equatorial Guinea .. 555 6,468 6,889 6,774 7,995 8,603 8,845 8,537 .. 15.3 12.4
Eritrea .. .. 181 179 171 168 147 148 147 .. .. -2.9
Ethiopia .. 129 138 150 163 178 192 205 221 .. -0.7 6.3
Gabon 5,265 4,627 3,988 4,029 4,000 4,143 4,162 4,028 4,214 -1.6 -0.9 0.2
Gambia, The 634 589 631 614 617 636 657 682 704 -0.8 0.1 1.4
Ghana 242 221 285 294 305 317 336 341 360 -1.1 1.7 3.4
Guinea .. 363 403 546 550 549 565 552 550 .. 0.3 5.2
Guinea-Bissau 137 183 152 154 154 156 158 159 161 2.8 -1.2 -0.5
Kenya 435 450 413 426 442 461 456 456 469 0.3 -0.9 1.7
Lesotho 288 308 409 417 430 446 466 474 496 0.3 1.9 2.7
Liberia 682 192 176 187 197 217 228 246 261 -6.3 -2.4 1.7
Madagascar 360 289 239 243 247 255 265 246 243 -2.4 -1.7 0.3
Malawi 160 133 150 150 157 161 170 179 185 -2.3 1.9 2.3
Mali 212 188 243 250 255 258 263 266 273 -0.9 1.4 2.0
Mauritania 544 487 502 532 616 610 616 593 609 -0.7 0.4 3.1
Mauritius 1,573 2,575 4,266 4,284 4,420 4,651 4,876 4,998 5,181 4.8 3.7 3.1
Mozambique 203 184 292 312 324 339 354 368 384 -1.0 2.8 4.9
Namibia 2,263 1,831 2,373 2,391 2,513 2,599 2,636 2,575 2,696 -2.2 1.2 3.1
Niger 259 194 167 168 172 171 180 172 179 -2.8 -1.3 0.6
Nigeria 416 359 431 443 459 476 492 514 540 -2.3 0.1 4.1
Rwanda 264 235 255 272 290 297 321 324 337 -1.0 -1.2 4.8
São Tomé and Príncipe .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Senegal 496 478 527 542 541 552 557 554 562 0.0 0.3 1.5
Seychelles 4,532 5,645 6,740 7,209 7,722 8,420 8,152 8,162 8,788 1.8 2.9 1.8
Sierra Leone 294 255 227 234 243 251 259 261 268 -1.8 -5.7 5.0
Somalia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
South Africa 3,463 3,152 3,264 3,398 3,548 3,704 3,796 3,698 3,753 -0.8 -0.7 2.7
Sudan 275 267 402 418 454 487 507 514 524 0.5 2.8 4.1
Swaziland 779 1,320 1,625 1,663 1,716 1,773 1,795 1,796 1,811 4.1 1.3 2.1
Tanzania .. 305 363 380 394 411 429 442 459 .. -0.1 4.2
Togo 352 284 256 253 257 258 258 261 265 -2.1 -0.2 0.1
Uganda .. 186 293 301 323 339 357 371 380 .. 3.5 4.3
Zambia 473 385 347 357 370 383 394 408 432 -1.9 -2.3 3.1
Zimbabwe 501 537 384 363 351 340 280 297 321 0.3 0.4 -6.2
NORTH AFRICA 1,293 1,501 1,909 1,975 2,054 2,129 2,205 2,253 2,313 1.5 1.4 3.2
Algeria 1,876 1,833 2,043 2,115 2,125 2,155 2,174 2,193 2,232 -0.1 -0.3 2.3
Djibouti .. 1,174 779 789 812 837 869 895 .. .. -4.7 2.0
Egypt, Arab Rep. 857 1,154 1,560 1,600 1,679 1,766 1,859 1,912 1,976 2.9 2.4 3.2
Libya .. .. 6,682 7,195 7,459 7,737 7,865 7,885 .. .. .. 3.3
Morocco 1,019 1,172 1,503 1,531 1,632 1,659 1,734 1,797 1,844 1.3 0.9 3.7 Tunisia 1,495 1,661 2,576 2,654 2,776 2,922 3,023 3,084 3,144 0.6 3.0 3.7
AFRICA 736 725 791 816 846 877 901 905 926 -0.1 0.0 2.6
Ta
b
le
Annual growth (%)
1980 1990 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010a
Annual average
1980–89 1990–99 2000–10
2.5
Gross domestic product per capita growth
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 1.1 -1.6 3.5 3.4 3.7 4.0 2.5 -0.3 2.4 -0.7 -0.6 2.2
Excluding South Africa -1.1 -0.6 4.4 3.8 4.0 4.5 3.3 1.7 3.4 -0.8 -0.2 2.8
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria -2.1 -2.2 3.3 4.1 4.2 4.8 3.3 0.9 2.9 -0.4 -0.4 2.5
Angola .. -3.0 7.4 14.5 17.0 19.0 10.6 -0.4 0.6 1.5 -1.9 7.2
Benin 4.0 0.1 -0.2 -0.3 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.8 0.1 0.3 1.3 1.0
Botswana 7.9 3.6 4.7 0.4 3.7 3.4 1.5 -6.1 5.7 7.8 3.2 2.9
Burkina Faso -1.6 -3.2 1.6 5.5 3.7 0.6 2.7 -0.1 4.7 1.1 2.3 2.6
Burundi -1.8 1.0 1.8 -2.1 2.2 1.6 1.9 0.6 1.2 1.1 -2.8 0.3
Cameroon -4.8 -8.8 1.4 0.0 1.0 1.2 0.7 -0.2 1.0 1.0 -2.1 1.1
Cape Verde .. -0.9 2.8 5.2 8.9 7.6 5.3 2.8 4.3 4.8 2.9 5.7
Central African Republic -7.0 -4.4 -0.6 0.7 2.0 1.9 0.2 -0.2 1.4 -1.7 -1.1 -0.6
Chad -8.0 -7.1 29.1 13.6 -2.8 -2.6 -3.0 -3.8 10.1 2.6 -0.9 5.4
Comoros .. 2.6 -2.9 1.5 -1.5 -2.2 -1.7 -0.9 -0.5 -0.2 -0.9 -0.7
Congo, Dem. Rep. -0.7 -9.9 3.5 4.7 2.6 3.3 3.3 0.1 4.3 -1.1 -8.4 1.0
Congo, Rep. 14.3 -1.7 1.1 5.1 3.4 -4.3 2.7 4.6 6.0 3.8 -1.9 2.3
Côte d'Ivoire -14.9 -4.4 0.2 -0.4 -1.0 0.0 0.5 1.9 0.4 -4.1 -0.4 -1.1
Equatorial Guinea .. 0.1 33.8 6.5 -1.7 18.0 7.6 2.8 -3.5 -2.8 16.3 14.2
Eritrea .. .. -2.6 -1.3 -4.4 -1.8 -12.5 0.8 -0.8 .. 6.5 -2.7
Ethiopia .. -0.6 10.8 9.2 8.3 9.0 8.4 6.5 7.6 -0.8 -0.5 5.7
Gabon -0.3 1.9 -0.7 1.0 -0.7 3.6 0.4 -3.2 4.6 -1.2 -0.5 -0.1
Gambia, The 2.7 -0.5 3.9 -2.6 0.4 3.1 3.4 3.8 3.3 -0.4 0.0 1.6
Ghana -1.9 0.5 3.1 3.4 3.9 3.9 5.9 1.6 5.5 -1.0 1.6 3.1
Guinea .. -0.3 0.7 35.4 0.7 -0.1 2.9 -2.3 -0.3 1.5 0.2 4.1
Guinea-Bissau -18.5 4.0 0.2 1.4 0.1 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.4 0.8 0.0 -0.1
Kenya 1.7 0.7 2.4 3.2 3.6 4.3 -1.0 0.0 2.8 0.4 -0.7 1.2
Lesotho -5.3 4.5 1.4 1.8 3.3 3.7 4.3 1.8 4.5 -0.2 2.2 2.8
Liberia -7.1 -50.3 -6.8 6.4 5.4 10.3 5.1 7.8 5.9 -5.9 -2.3 6.2
Madagascar -1.8 0.1 2.1 1.5 1.9 3.1 4.0 -7.3 -1.3 -2.3 -1.5 0.0
Malawi -2.6 2.0 2.7 -0.2 4.7 2.7 5.1 5.7 3.2 -2.3 2.2 1.6
Mali -6.2 -3.7 -1.0 2.8 2.1 1.1 1.8 1.4 2.6 -1.2 1.0 2.3
Mauritania 0.4 -4.4 2.8 6.0 15.7 -1.0 0.9 -3.6 2.7 -0.6 0.0 1.8
Mauritius -11.4 6.2 4.8 0.4 3.2 5.2 4.8 2.5 3.7 3.3 4.0 3.5
Mozambique .. -0.3 5.1 6.8 3.7 4.7 4.3 3.9 4.4 -0.6 2.6 4.5
Namibia .. -1.4 10.4 0.7 5.1 3.4 1.4 -2.3 4.7 -2.2 1.0 2.6
Niger -5.0 -4.2 -3.3 0.9 2.1 -0.2 4.9 -4.4 4.2 -2.7 -1.5 0.4
Nigeria 1.3 5.5 7.9 2.8 3.6 3.8 3.4 4.4 5.2 -1.7 0.6 3.8
Rwanda 5.4 -2.2 5.6 7.0 6.4 2.6 7.9 1.0 4.0 -0.3 1.1 4.4
São Tomé and Príncipe .. .. 5.0 -2.9 5.1 4.4 7.4 2.3 2.7 .. .. 4.2
Senegal -5.7 -3.6 3.1 2.8 -0.2 2.1 1.0 -0.6 1.4 -0.5 -0.1 1.3
Seychelles -5.5 6.1 -2.5 7.0 7.1 9.0 -3.2 0.1 7.7 1.2 3.3 1.8
Sierra Leone 2.6 2.1 2.7 3.0 3.8 3.5 3.0 0.9 2.7 -1.3 -4.5 5.5
Somalia -9.0 -1.9 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.9 -1.9 ..
South Africa 4.2 -2.3 3.3 4.1 4.4 4.4 2.5 -2.6 1.5 -0.3 -0.8 2.2
Sudan -1.7 -7.7 -0.5 3.8 8.6 7.4 4.2 1.4 1.9 0.5 1.8 4.0
Swaziland 9.1 17.0 2.8 2.3 3.2 3.4 1.2 0.1 0.8 4.8 2.9 1.8
Tanzania .. 3.7 5.0 4.5 3.8 4.2 4.4 3.0 3.9 0.6 0.3 3.9
Togo 11.5 -2.7 -0.2 -1.1 1.8 0.1 0.2 1.0 1.5 -0.6 -0.1 -0.5
Uganda .. 2.8 3.4 2.9 7.2 5.0 5.2 3.8 2.6 -0.5 3.5 3.7
Zambia -0.3 -3.2 3.0 2.9 3.6 3.5 2.9 3.5 5.9 -1.7 -2.2 3.0
Zimbabwe 10.4 3.9 -5.7 -5.5 -3.2 -3.3 -17.5 5.8 8.2 1.4 0.9 -4.6
NORTH AFRICA 2.5 1.8 3.0 3.4 4.0 3.7 3.6 2.2 2.7 1.6 1.5 2.8
Algeria -2.5 -1.7 3.6 3.5 0.5 1.4 0.9 0.9 1.8 -0.3 -0.4 2.1
Djibouti .. .. 2.0 1.3 2.9 3.1 3.8 3.0 .. .. -4.5 1.5
Egypt, Arab Rep. 7.5 3.5 2.2 2.6 4.9 5.2 5.3 2.9 3.3 3.4 2.5 3.0
Libya .. .. 2.3 7.7 3.7 3.7 1.7 0.3 .. .. .. 2.3
Morocco 1.0 2.1 3.6 1.9 6.6 1.6 4.5 3.7 2.6 1.4 1.2 3.5
Tunisia 4.6 5.4 5.0 3.0 4.6 5.3 3.5 2.0 1.9 1.0 3.3 3.4
AFRICA 1.6 -0.5 3.1 3.2 3.6 3.7 2.8 0.5 2.3 0.1 0.0 2.2
Ta
2.6
Gross national income, nominal
Current prices ($ millions)
Annual average growth (%)
1980 1990 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010a 1980–89 1990–99 2000–10
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 260,972 283,962 529,160 614,359 722,408 827,628 944,668 907,409 1,057,639 0.9 1.8 14.5
Excluding South Africa 185,402 176,347 314,219 372,086 466,485 551,236 679,974 630,840 701,347 -1.0 1.5 15.8
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria 120,233 150,842 235,859 272,875 324,716 396,646 484,618 476,342 522,707 2.8 1.1 14.9 Angola .. 8,214 17,295 24,203 35,612 52,850 70,460 68,669 74,299 .. -2.4 31.4 Benin 1,402 1,806 4,006 4,259 4,623 5,428 6,672 6,618 6,576 2.1 3.7 12.7 Botswana 1,014 3,686 9,089 9,420 10,483 11,641 12,811 11,496 14,699 11.2 4.2 11.0 Burkina Faso 1,924 3,094 5,102 5,420 5,842 6,754 8,348 8,343 8,819 4.8 0.0 13.9 Burundi 922 1,117 919 1,135 1,246 1,325 1,625 1,821 2,033 1.9 -3.4 10.5 Cameroon 5,618 10,674 15,374 16,126 17,706 20,606 23,407 22,051 22,250 9.0 -2.5 10.8 Cape Verde .. 309 906 938 1,063 1,300 1,515 1,557 1,586 18.8 6.8 13.1 Central African Republic 800 1,465 1,268 1,348 1,473 1,686 1,961 1,974 1,981 7.8 -4.3 9.0 Chad 1,038 1,721 3,720 4,277 4,888 5,817 6,687 6,678 7,850 5.5 -1.3 20.1
Comoros 124 249 360 386 404 467 530 535 539 7.9 -2.0 11.1
Congo, Dem. Rep. 14,102 8,579 6,220 6,684 8,354 9,380 10,345 10,418 12,199 -6.9 -7.0 12.2 Congo, Rep. 1,544 2,324 3,159 4,032 5,105 5,774 8,768 6,979 9,024 1.9 -5.2 18.0 Côte d'Ivoire 9,680 9,209 14,763 15,643 16,589 18,913 22,434 22,031 21,925 1.3 3.3 9.8 Equatorial Guinea .. 124 2,312 4,173 5,223 6,678 11,471 9,085 9,338 .. 16.9 33.8 Eritrea .. .. 1,094 1,089 1,202 1,311 1,368 1,839 2,097 .. 7.3 12.6 Ethiopia .. 12,016 9,990 12,271 15,126 19,567 26,662 31,922 29,576 5.8 -5.8 17.5 Gabon 3,856 5,336 5,987 7,708 8,187 10,082 12,673 9,862 11,424 -0.1 -1.9 12.7
Gambia, The 237 291 544 593 619 786 991 940 1,011 1.6 7.1 5.4
Ghana 4,426 5,774 8,674 10,590 17,422 21,392 25,362 25,881 31,643 2.9 2.6 23.2 Guinea .. 2,518 3,391 2,647 2,501 3,814 3,340 3,710 4,297 .. 3.3 3.0
Guinea-Bissau 105 233 512 561 573 687 833 824 834 3.4 -0.7 18.2
Kenya 7,043 8,224 15,955 18,732 22,433 27,093 30,473 30,543 32,040 2.6 8.3 11.8 Lesotho 695 902 1,544 1,870 1,872 2,025 2,156 2,259 2,711 -0.2 1.5 12.7
Liberia 930 .. 308 394 452 585 691 735 809 -3.2 .. 8.4
Madagascar 4,024 2,958 4,285 4,960 5,435 7,288 9,344 8,397 8,628 -6.0 3.8 9.3 Malawi 1,138 1,837 2,582 2,714 3,078 3,437 4,050 4,656 4,928 2.2 0.2 11.1 Mali 1,768 2,405 4,679 5,099 5,524 7,146 8,425 8,508 9,003 2.8 0.1 15.5 Mauritania 682 961 1,899 2,249 2,963 3,348 3,616 3,079 3,545 3.2 2.7 12.8 Mauritius 1,113 2,631 6,372 6,276 6,559 8,016 9,714 8,785 9,833 9.1 5.8 8.9 Mozambique 3,550 2,320 5,398 6,219 6,472 7,445 9,263 9,430 9,127 -5.6 8.6 11.0 Namibia 1,818 2,388 6,689 7,149 7,929 8,629 8,622 8,849 10,709 0.2 4.5 11.2 Niger 2,476 2,423 3,039 3,397 3,645 4,290 5,351 5,220 5,379 0.1 -1.7 12.9 Nigeria 61,079 25,585 78,110 98,881 141,275 154,068 194,690 154,005 178,059 -12.5 3.7 18.7 Rwanda 1,165 2,572 2,055 2,554 3,083 3,721 4,676 5,216 5,580 8.5 -2.0 15.1
São Tomé and Príncipe .. .. .. 112 127 149 185 198 203 .. .. 13.9
Senegal 3,403 5,520 7,938 8,559 9,290 11,224 13,339 12,591 12,722 6.1 -1.6 12.5
Seychelles 142 355 666 877 976 955 894 795 896 8.9 5.9 5.0
Sierra Leone 1,071 580 1,034 1,176 1,364 1,629 1,916 1,856 1,910 -4.8 1.5 12.3
Somalia 603 835 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.5 .. ..
South Africa 77,378 107,746 214,782 242,122 255,872 276,404 264,928 276,697 356,294 4.2 2.2 12.0 Sudan 7,570 11,409 19,991 26,052 34,081 42,631 53,132 50,018 60,403 9.7 1.9 20.5 Swaziland .. 1,174 2,423 2,762 2,962 3,095 3,015 2,827 3,472 .. 4.6 10.2 Tanzania .. 4,072 12,775 13,836 14,154 16,666 20,481 21,186 22,772 .. 10.6 9.2 Togo 1,096 1,598 1,904 2,080 2,165 2,493 3,148 3,137 3,150 4.6 -0.1 10.9 Uganda 1,237 4,227 7,818 8,966 9,728 11,687 14,160 15,517 16,865 20.7 9.1 12.6 Zambia 3,594 3,008 5,098 6,586 9,534 10,055 13,241 11,442 14,300 -4.1 0.8 18.6 Zimbabwe 6,530 8,512 5,522 5,479 5,131 4,928 4,191 5,636 7,278 -0.2 -1.7 -1.1
NORTH AFRICA 103,562 160,577 293,833 336,649 395,458 474,451 586,231 547,759 598,050 4.9 5.5 11.5
Algeria 41,147 59,955 81,414 97,259 112,669 134,004 169,689 139,577 155,538 4.5 -1.3 14.1
Djibouti .. .. 731 776 854 936 1,073 1,120 .. .. 1.3 8.4
Egypt, Arab Rep. 21,453 42,025 78,638 89,432 108,015 131,655 164,178 189,146 214,530 7.5 11.2 9.0 Libya .. .. 33,139 43,719 57,559 74,070 93,533 61,985 .. .. .. 22.8 Morocco 18,402 24,835 55,961 58,760 64,703 74,246 87,411 88,520 88,576 3.3 5.3 10.9 Tunisia 8,450 11,882 29,935 30,645 32,796 36,911 42,387 41,285 41,982 2.0 7.4 8.5
AFRICA 369,500 448,083 825,220 953,712 1,121,058 1,305,162 1,533,224 1,457,811 1,663,007 2.1 3.0 13.3