Contratación de obra versus Concesión de obra pública Un análisis de los esquemas de incentivos
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(2) Abstract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ey words: J.0&.'()&+K T#,-" Q-/-,*K M#.+',20'(#. 0#.',-0'+. Original recibido el 06-02-2012 Aceptado para su publicación el 27-09-2012. 18. DUTTO – BELTRÁN.
(3) 1. Introducción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arco Teórico =- "('&,-'2,- &0#.39(0- +#$,& 0#.',-'#+ *(+'(.<2& &.',& "#+ &.H#>2&+ >2& &.H-'(/-. &. &" -"(.&-9(&.'# *& (.0&.'()#+7 4 ->2&""#+ >2& $2+0-. &0#.#9(/-, 0#+'#+ *& ',-.+-00(3.: !" 5,(9&,#7 >2& H#0-"(/- &. &" "-*# &1G-.'& *&" 0#.',-'#7 +& +2$*()(*& - +2 )&/ &.',& ""('&,-'2,- *& *&,&0Q#+ *& 5,#5(&*-* 4 "- *& -<&.0(-: !" &.H#>2& *& "#+ *&,&0Q#+ *& 5,#5(&*-*7 )(.02"-*- 5,(.0(5-"9&.'& - M#-+& [UV\]^7 _"0Q(-. [UV\Z^ 4 `&9+&'/ [UV\V^7 ,&0#.#0& >2& "- 5,#5(&*-* *& 2. -0'()# 52&*& -.-"(/-,+& *&+*& ',&+ 5&,+5&0'()-+I &" *&,&0Q# - 2+-, &" -0'()#7 - -5,#5(-,+& *& "#+ ,&'#,.#+ *&" 9(+9#7 4 - 0-9$(-, +2 H#,94a# +2+'-.0(-: !" #$%&'()# &+ ,&-+(<.-, "#+ ,&0"-9#+ +#$,& &" -0'()#7 *& 9#*# >2& "#+ *&,&0Q#+ ,&+(*2-"&+ *& 0#.',#" +& 0#"#>2&. &. 9-.#+ *& >2(&.&+ 52&*&. 2+-,"#+ 9A+ 5,#*20'()-9&.'&7 4 5&,9('(, -+? 2.- 9&%#, -+(<.-0(3. *& ,&02,+#+: =- "('&,-'2,- *& -<&.0(-7 -+#0(-*- - b&.+&. 4 T&0S"(.< [UVc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ex–ante -95"(- 4 -$-,0-'()-7 -+29(&.*# >2& "- ,&+#"20(3. *& 0#.d(0'#+ )?- %2*(0(-" &+ &80-/: =- "('&,-'2,- *& 0#+'#+ *& ',-.+-00(3.7 0#. e(""(-9+#. [UVfZ^ 0#9# 2.# *& "#+ ,&H&,&.'&+7 ',-+"-*- 2.- 9-4#, -'&.0(3. - "- &'-5- *& &%&020(3. *&" 0#.',-'#: D( $(&. ,&0#.#0& >2& '-.'# "- 5,#5(&*-* 0#9# &" -"(.&-9(&.'# *& (.0&.'()#+ ex–ante +#. (95#,'-.'&+7 0#.+(*&,- >2& "-+ *(+52'-+ &.',& "-+ 5-,'&+ .# 52&*&. +&, ,&+2&"'-+ 5#, "#+ %2&0&+ &. H#,9- &80(&.'&: =- -'&.0(3. +& 0#.0&.',- &. 0,&-, (.+'('20(#.&+ *& #,*&. 5,()-*#7 d&1($"&+ 4 -*-5'-'()-+ >2& 5&,9('-. +#"20(#.-, 0#.d(0'#+: !. 0#.+&02&.0(-7 -. 1. ;#, ,-/#.&+ *& &+5-0(#7 +& #9('& &" ',-'-9(&.'# *& "#+ 5,#$"&9-+ 0#.',-0'2-"&+ #,(<(.-*#+ &. "- +&"&00(3. -)&,+-7 ,-0(#.-"(*-* "(9('-*- 4 &+5&0(80(*-* *& "#+ -0'()#+:. SABERES. Nº 4 (2012). ARTÍCULOS. UV.
(4) "#+ *&,&0Q#+ *& 5,#5(&*-* 4 -"(.&-9(&.'# *& (.0&.'()#+7 "- &0#.#9?- *& "#+ 0#+'#+ *& ',-.+-00(3. -<,&<- "- 5,#5#+(0(3. >2& "-+ (.+'('20(#.&+ *& -5#4# ex-post (95#,'-.: _ "#+ 8.&+ &15#+('()#+7 +& ,&+&,)- 2. *&+-,,#""# 9A+ 5,#H2.*# *&" 9-,0# '&3,(0# &. "+&00(3. X 02-.*# +& *&+0,($&. "#+ 5,#$"&9-+ 0#.',-0'2-"&+7 4 &. "- +&00(3. Y %2.'# 0#. &" -.A"(+(+ *& "- &)(*&.0(- &95?,(0-: 3. Riesgo moral y costos de transacción !. &+'- +&00(3. +& *&+0,($(,A -"<2.#+ *& "#+ 5,#$"&9-+ >2& +2,<&. - 5-,'(, *& "- *&0(+(3. *&" !+'-*# *& ,&-"(/-, "- 0#.+',200(3. 4a# 0#.0&+(3. *& 2.- #$,- *& (.H,-&+',20'2,-7 0#.',-'-.*# 5-,- &""# 2.- &95,&+- 5,()-*-: L(0S&''+ [W]]W^ -8,9- >2& &+'#+ 5,#$"&9-+ +& 5,&+&.'-. 02-.*# "-+ ',-.+-00(#.&+ +& 0-,-0'&,(/-. 5#, 5#+&&, 2.- &+',20'2,- *& (.H#,9-0(3. -+(9@',(0-7 &+ *&0(, >2& 2.- *& "-+ 5-,'&+ &+'A 9&%#, (.H#,9-*- >2& "- #',-: =2&<# +& 9&.0(#.-,A. "#+ 0#+'#+ *& ',-.+-00(3. >2& &+'#+ 5,#$"&9-+ <&.&,-.: g.# *& "#+ 5,(9&,#+ 5,#$"&9-+ >2& &.H,&.'- &" 0#.',-'-.'& [&. &+'& 0-+# &" !+'-*#^ &+ >2& *&+0#.#0& "-+ Q-$("(*-*&+ 4 0#.8-$("(*-* *&" 0#.',-'(+'-: !+'- *(802"'-* +& "- ,&0#.#0& 0#9# B+&"&00(3. -)&,+-C # B(.H#,9-0(3. #02"'-C: =- +&"&00(3. -)&,+- +& 5,&+&.'- '-9$(@. 02-.*# "- (.H#,9-0(3. 5&,9-.&0& #02"'- ex-post 4 &" 0#.',-'-.'& .# 52&*& *(H&,&.0(-, "#+ +&,)(0(#+ >2& Q- ,&0($(*#: g. +&<2.*# 5,#$"&9- (95#,'-.'& +& *&.#9(.- B,(&+<# 9#,-"C # -00(3. #02"'-: =02&+'(3. &+ >2& &" 0#.',-'-.'&7 -6. "2&<# *& Q-$&, 0&,,-*# 2. ',-'# 0#. "- &95,&+-7 *&+0#.#0& +( @+'- Q- 0295"(*# '#'-"9&.'& 0#. +2+ #$"(<-0(#.&+7 # (.0"2+#7 +( &+'A ,&-"9&.'& -0'2-.*# &. *&H&.+- *& "#+ (.'&,&+&+ *&" !+'-*#: T(&.',-+ >2& 0#. "- (.H#,9-0(3. #02"'- &" 5,#$"&9- &,- >2& ex-ante7 &" 0#.',-'-.'& 52&*& 5#+&&, (.H#,9-0(3. *&80(&.'& -0&,0- *& "-+ 02-"(*-*&+ *& 2.- 0#.',-'-0(3. 5#'&.0(-"7 # +#$,& "-+ *(802"'-*&+ >2& &15&,(9&.'- "- 0#.',-'(+'-7 &" 5,#$"&9- >2& +& 5,&+&.'- -Q#,- &+ "- *(802"'-* &. #$+&,)-, # (.H&,(, "-+ -00(#.&+ *& "- &95,&+-: !1(+'& B,(&+<# 9#,-"C 02-.*# "- 5,#$-$("(*-* *& #02,,&.0(- *& 2. !+'-*# *& ".-'2,-"&/- 52&*& +&, (.d2&.0(-*- 5#, "- &95,&+-7 4 &+'& 0#95#,'-9(&.'# .# 52&*& +&, #$+&,)-*# 5#, &" 0#.',-'-.'&: _+(9(+9#7 "- (95#+($("(*-* *& #$+&,)-, "-+ -00(#.&+ *& "- &95,&+- +& -<,-)- 02-.*# &" ,&+2"'-*# *& +2+ -00(#.&+ &+ -H&0'-*# 5#, H-0'#,&+ &1'&,.#+: _>2? &" 5,#$"&9- &+ "- *(802"'-* &. *(+'(.<2(, >2& 5-,'& *& "#+ ,&+2"'-*#+ +#. 0#.+&02&.0(- *& *&0(+(#.&+ '#9-*-+ 5#, "- &95,&+- # *&" &+'-*# *& "- .-'2,-"&/-: !+'& ',-$-%# +& &.H#0- 5,(.0(5-"9&.'& &. &" -.A"(+(+ *& "#+ 5,#$"&9-+ )(.02"-*#+ &" ,(&+<# 9#,-": 4. Evidencia empírica !" &.H#>2& 9&'#*#"3<(0# >2& 2'("(/-. &. <&.&,-" "#+ &+'2*(#+ &95?,(0#+ +#$,& 0#+'#+ *& ',-.+-00(3. +& 5#*,?- *&.#9(.-, 9(0,#-.-"?'(0#7 &+ *&0(, >2& &" H#0# 4 "- 2.(*-* *& -.A"(+(+ +#. "-+ ',-.+-00(#.&+ 4 "-+ ,&<"-+ >2& ,&<2"-. "-+ ,&"-0(#.&+ &.',& "-+ 5-,'&+: =#+ 0#+'#+ *& ',-.+-00(3. +#. 2+2-"9&.'& *(H?0("&+ *& 02-.'(80-,: =#+ ',-$-%#+ *& (.)&+'(<-0(3. +#$,& &" '&9- .# (.'&.'-. 9&*(, "#+ 9(+9#+ *(,&0'-9&.'&7 +(.# >2&. 20. DUTTO – BELTRÁN.
(5) 9A+ $(&. "- 5,&<2.'- &+ +( *&'&,9(.-*-+ ,&"-0(#.&+ #,<-.(/-0(#.-"&+ #$+&,)-*-+ [5,A0'(0-+ 0#.',-0'2-"&+7 &+',20'2,-+ *& <#$&,.-./-7 &'0:^ +#. 0#Q&,&.'&+ # .# 0#. "#+ -',($2'#+ *& "-+ ',-.+-00(#.&+7 *& -02&,*# - "# 5,&+0,(5'# &. &" ,-/#.-9(&.'# *& "#+ 0#+'#+ *& ',-.+-00(3.: D( $(&. &. "- (.)&+'(<-0(3. -5"(0-*- &. <&.&,-" +& -+29& 2. trade-off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aso 1: Contratación de obra pública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`& &+'- 9-.&,-7 -" 0295"(,+& 0-*- 5&,?#*# +& 0&,'(80-. "#+ -0#5(#+ *& 9-'&,(-"&+ ,&-"(/-*#+ 4 "- 5-,'& *& #$,- 0#.+',2(*-7 4 &" 9#.'# ,&+2"'-.'& &+ 5-<-*# 5#, &" !+'-*# 0#. 2.- *&*200(3. >2& -0'6- 0#9# <-,-.'?- *& "- $2&.0#.+',200(3. 4 +& "($&,-7 5#, &.*&7 - "- ,&0&50(3. *& "- 9(+9-: !" 0#.',-'# >2& +&,A #$%&'# *& -.A"(+(+ &. &+'- +&00(3. 0#,,&+5#.*& - 2.- #$,- *& (.H,-&+',20'2,- &%&02'-*- &. &" A9$('# *&" T(.(+'&,(# *& _+2.'#+ h?*,(0#+ *& "- ;,#)(.0(*& D-.'- i&: =#+ *-'#+ $A+(0#+ *&" 0-+# +#.I jk *& =(0('-0(3.I ]VaW]]\ N$,- a g$(0-0(3.I M#.+',200(3. *& "- `&H&.+- *& "-+ l-,,-.0-+ *&" M-95# *& "m"#,(- F `5'#: D-. =#,&./# F ;,#)(.0(- *& D-.'- i&: ;,&+252&+'# N80(-" [0#. Jn_^I o Uf:XVV:\cX7]] 2 =- *#029&.'-0(3. 0#.',-0'2-" (.0"24& H2.*-9&.'-"9&.'& &" ;"(&<# *& M#.*(0(#.&+ m&.&,-"&+ [;Mm^7 4 &" ;"(&<# *& M#.*(0(#.&+ ;-,'(02"-,&+ [;M;^ 3 =- +#"20(3. -" ,(&+<# 9#,-"7 # *(0Q# *& #',- 9-.&,-7 &" 5,#$"&9- *& 039# 5,#)&&, (.0&.'()#+ 5-,- &" &+H2&,/# - "- &95,&+- 0#.',-'(+'-7 &+ 2. '&9- 0&.',-" &. &" *(+&E# 0#.',-0'2-": ;-,- -.-"(/-, &+'- 02&+'(3. &. &" 0#.',-'# *& #$,- 56$"(0- +& ,&02,,(,A "- '&#,?- *&" 5,(.0(5-" 4 -<&.'&7 (*&.'(80-.*# -" m#$(&,.# [m^ 4 - "- 8,9- 0#.',-'(+'[i^ &. 0-*- 2.# *& &+#+ ,#"&+7 ,&+5&0'()-9&.'&: !. 5,(9&, "2<-, +& 5,#H2.*(/-,A &. &". 2. _ "- H&0Q- *& -5&,'2,- 5,&)(+'- [UYa]fa]\^ &>2()-"& - goD Z:fVc:XXU:. 3. !+'- *#029&.'-0(3. 52&*& 0#.+2"'-,+& &. Q''5IaaRRR:5#,'-":+-.'-H&:<#):-,. SABERES. Nº 4 (2012). ARTÍCULOS. 21.
(6) 9-,0# '&3,(0# -5"(0-$"& - &+'& '35(0#7 4 "2&<# +& -.-"(/-,A. "-+ 0"A2+2"-+ 0#.',-0'2-"&+ ,&"-0(#.-*-+ 0#. &" 9(+9#: D&<6. L(0S&''+ [W]]W^ &" #$%&'()# *&$&,?- +&, *(+&E-, 2. 0#.',-0'# >2& <&.&,& (.0&.'()#+ - i 5-,- ',-$-%-, *& 9#*#+ >2& $&.&80(&. - m: D25#.<-9#+ >2& p ,&5,&+&.'- &" ,&+2"'-*# '#'-" *& "- #$,- >2& ,&-"(/- i7 "- 02-" (.0"24& .# +#"# +2 5,#5(# $&.&80(# +(.# '-9$(@. &" *& m # )-"#, +#0(-"7 4 & &" .()&" *& &+H2&,/# *& "- &95,&+-: D( +25#.&9#+ >2& &" ,&+2"'-*# '#'-" &+'A *&'&,9(.?+'(0-9&.'& ,&"-0(#.-*# 0#. &" &+H2&,/# *& "- 0#.',-'(+'-7 &.'#.0&+I p q p [&^. [U^. M2-.*# +& +25#.& >2& '-.'# m 0#9# i 52&*&. #$+&,)-, &" ,&+2"'-*# '#'-" 4 4 &+'& ,&+2"'-*# &+ +280(&.'&9&.'& +(95"& 0#9# 5-,- (.0"2(,"# &. 2. 0#.',-'#7 m .# '&.*,?,-/3. 5-,- 9#.('#,&-, &" &+H2&,/#: P-. +#"# +& *&$&,?- &+'(52"-, &" ,&+2"'-*# *&+&-*# p7 4 &" 5-<# - i 02-.*# &+ "#<,-*#: l-%# &+'-+ 0(,02.+'-.0(-+7 &" 0#.#0(9(&.'# *&" ,&+2"'-*# .#+ $,(.*- (.H#,9-0(3. 5&,H&0'- +#$,& &" &+H2&,/# -5#,'-*#: !. &+'& 0-+# .# Q-4 5,#$"&9- *& (.0&.'()#+7 4- >2& "- &95,&+- ,&0($& +2 $&.&80(# 02-.*# '&,9(."- #$,-7 "- 02-" *&5&.*& 0#95"&'-9&.'& *& +2 .()&" *& &+H2&,/#: g. 0-+# 9A+ 0&,0-.# -" 5,#$"&9- *& (.0&.'()#+ #02,,& 02-.*# &" ,&+2"'-*# *&5&.*& .# +#"# *&" &+H2&,/# *& "- &95,&+- +(.# '-9$(@. *& H-0'#,&+ -"&-'#,(#+7 0#9# 5#, &%&95"# "-+ )-,(-0(#.&+ &. "#+ 5,&0(#+ *& "#+ 9-'&,(-"&+ *& "- #$,-: !. &+'& 0-+# 5#*,?-9#+ &+0,($(,I p q pr [&7s^. [W^. *#.*& s ,&5,&+&.'- "#+ B&+'-*#+ *& "- .-'2,-"&/-C: ;#, &%&95"#7 s 5#*,?- ,&d&%-, .# +#"# "-+ )-,(-0(#.&+ *& "#+ 5,&0(#+ *& (.+29#+7 +(.# '-9$(@. H-0'#,&+ 0"(9A'(0#+ >2& (.0(*-. &. &" ,('9# *& #$,-: !. 0#.+&02&.0(- 02-">2(&, 0#.',-'# *&$&,A 0#.'&95"-, "*(+',($20(3. *& ,(&+<#+ -*&9A+ *& "- 5,#)(+(3. *& (.0&.'()#+: M#.+(*@,&+& .2&)-9&.'& &" 0-+# *& "- &95,&+- 024- <-.-.0(- *&5&.*& &10"2+()-9&.'& *& "- #$'&.0(3. *& 2. p *&'&,9(.-*#: =- &95,&+- 5#*,?- .# -0&5'-, '-" -,,&<"# *-*# >2& "- &15#.& - 2. ,(&+<# 0#.+(*&,-$"&: _6. "- &95,&+- 9A+ &80(&.'& &+'-,?- *&+5,#'&<(*- -.'& )-,(-0(#.&+ <&.&,-"&+ *& 5,&0(# *& (.+29#+7 4 +( H2&,- -)&,+- -" ,(&+<#7 5,&H&,(,A >2& +& '&.<- &. 02&.'- +2 .()&" *& &+H2&,/#7 # *&" &+'-*# *& "- .-'2,-"&/-: D(. &9$-,<#7 "- 5#+($("(*-* *& (.0"2(, & # s &. 2. 0#.',-'# *&5&.*& *& "- #$+&,)-$("(*-* *& "#+ 9(+9#+: D25#.<-9#+7 &. 2.- 5,(9&,- (.+'-.0(-7 >2& s 52&*& +&, )&,(80-*# 0#. H-0("(*-* 5#, -9$-+ 5-,'&+: j2&)-9&.'&7 "- #$+&,)-0(3. *&" &+H2&,/# *& "- &95,&+- &+ (..&0&+-,(5-,- <&.&,-, (.0&.'()#+: _ 5-,'(, *& [W^ -9$-+ 5-,'&+ 5#*,?-. *&'&,9(.-, &" ,&+2"'-*# p 5-,- 2. .()&" *-*# *& &+H2&,/# [&^ &. *(H&,&.'&+ &+'-*#+ *& "- .-'2,-"&/- [s^: =- ,&92.&,-0(3. *& i 5#*,?- *&5&.*&, '-.'# *&" ,&+2"'-*# 0#9# *&" &+'-*# *& ".-'2,-"&/-I piqpi[p7s^: D( m #$'2)(&+& 2. ,&+2"'-*# pm >2& *&5&.*- +#"# *&" &+'-*# *& "- .-'2,-"&/- pm[s^7 &" ,&'#,.# *& "- &95,&+- &+'-,?- *-*# 5#,I. 4. !. ,&-"(*-*7 +( +& -+29& 0#9# *-*# # 8%# &" &10&*&.'& # )-"#, $,2'# >2& <&.&,- "- #$,-7 &+ +280(&.'& 0#. -+29(, >2& "#+ 0#+'#+ *& #$,- (.02,,(*#+ +#. #$+&,)-$"&+7 4- >2& &" ,&+2"'-*# '#'-" +& (.H&,(,?- *&*20(&.*# @+'#+ *&" 5,(9&,#:. 22. DUTTO – BELTRÁN.
(7) p i q p — p m [s^. [X^. "# 02-" (95"(0- >2& "- 8,9- ,&0($& &" ,&9-.&.'&: =#+ ,&+2"'-*#+ *&" &+H2&,/# -*(0(#.-" +(&95,& +#. ,&0($(*#+ 5#, "- &95,&+-7 *& 9-.&,- >2& .# Q-4 5,#$"&9-+ *& (.0&.'()#+7 9(&.',-+ >2& "-+ 0-,-0'&,?+'(0-+ *& pm[s^ 5&,9('&. >2& "#+ ,(&+<#+ +&-. 0#95-,'(*#+ &.',& m 4 i &. "- H#,9- *&+&-*-: D( 5#, &%&95"# pm[s^ H2&,- 2.- 0#.+'-.'& pmt7 *& 9#*# >2& &" ,&+2"'-*# *& m H2&,- &" 9(+9# &. 0-*- &+'-*# *& "- .-'2,-"&/-7 &.'#.0&+ "- &95,&+- &+'-,?- &H&0'()-9&.'& -H,#.'-.*# '#*# &" ,(&+<# 4 -+&<2,-.*# - m 0#.',- &" ,(&+<# *& )-,(-0(3. *& 0#+'#+: ;#, #',# "-*#7 &" ,&+2"'-*# *& m 5#*,?- +&, *&'&,9(.-*# *& 9#*# '-" >2& &" ,&9-.&.'& # ,&+2"'-*# *& i +&- +(&95,& &" 9(+9#7 0#.*(0(#.-*# >2& "- &95,&+- -5#,'& 2. &+H2&,/# &+'A.*-, &t: !. &+'& 0-+# +&,?- m >2(&. +#5#,'- '#*# &" ,(&+<#7 9(&.',-+ >2& "- &95,&+- ,&0($(,?- 2. ,&'#,.# 8%# 5,&*&'&,9(.-*# +(&95,& >2& -5#,'& 2. &+H2&,/# &+'A.*-, &t: D( -9$-+ 5-,'&+ H2&,-. -)&,+-+ -" ,(&+<#7 .# 5#*,?&+5&,-,+& >2& .(.<2.- -0&5'& -H,#.'-, '#*# &" ,(&+<#7 +(.# >2& 9A+ $(&. pm[s^ +& *&8.(,?- *& 9#*# '-" >2& "#+ ,(&+<#+ +& 0#95-,'-. &80(&.'&9&.'& &.',& &""#+: !. &" 5A,,-H# -.'&,(#,7 +& Q-. *&H(.(*# +(. .#9$,-,"#+ *#+ '(5#+ *& 0#.',-'#+ 0#96.9&.'& -5"(0-$"&+ - #$,-+ *& (.H,-&+',20'2,-I 0#.',-'# - 5,&0(# 8%# !"#$%&'()#* contract) 4 0#.',-'# *& 0#+'&+ 4 0#+'-+ (cost-plus contract): `&5&.*(&.*# *& 039# +& *&'&,9(.& "- ,&92.&,-0(3. # <-.-.0(- *& i7 +& &+'-,?- -.'& "- 5,&+&.0(- *& 2.# 2 #',# 0#.',-'#: D&<6. =-HH#.' 4 P(,#"& [UVVX^7 +( +& -+29& "- 0#.)&.0(3. >2& m 5-<*(,&0'-9&.'& "#+ 0#+'#+ *& "- #$,-7 4 >2& "2&<# ',-.+8&,& - "- &95,&+- 0#.',-'(+'- +2 ,&92.&,-0(3.7 +& 52&*& &+'-$"&0&, &" 0A"02"# *& pi *& "- +(<2(&.'& H#,9-I p i q - + $ [P — 1^. [Y^. *#.*&7 - &+ 2.- <-.-.0(- 8%-7 P &+ 2. 0#+'# #$%&'()# 5,&*&'&,9(.-*#7 1 &+ &" 0#+'# (.02,,(*#7 4 $ &+ "- 5,#5#,0(3. *&" &10&+# [# -Q#,,#^ *& 0#+'# &. ,&"-0(3. - P7 >2& &+ +#5#,'-*# [# 0#$,-*#^ 5#, "- 8,9- 0#.',-'(+'-7 +(&.*# ] u $ u U: !. &" 0-+# >2& $ q ] +& &+'-,?- &. 5,&+&.0(- *& 2. 0#.',-'# *& 0#+'&+ 4 0#+'-+ &. &" 02-" "&95,&+- i ,&0($(,?- 2.- <-.-.0(- 8%- (<2-" - B-C7 +(&95,& >2& -5#,'& 2. &+H2&,/# &+'A.*-, &t: !+'& 0#.',-'# +&,?- 9A+ -5,#5(-*# 5-,- i -)&,+# -" ,(&+<# 4 m .&2',-": ;#, #',# "-*#7 &. &" 0-+# >2& $qU &" 0#.',-'# +&,?- *& 5,&0(# 8%#7 4 &. &+'& 0-+# "- &95,&+- +& $&.&80(-,?- *& [# +#5#,'-,?-^ "#+ 0#+'#+ (.02,,(*#+ 9&.#,&+ [# 9-4#,&+^ - P7 ,&0($(&.*# m 2. ,&+2"'-*# pm 8%#: !+'& -,,&<"# &+ -5'# 5-,- i .&2',-" -" ,(&+<# 4 m -)&,+#: _0#,*-, "#+ '@,9(.#+ 0#.',-0'2-"&+ &+ 9A+ 0#95"(0-*# 02-.*# +& +25#.& >2& &" &+'-*# *& "- .-'2,-"&/- s .# &+ #$+&,)-$"& 5#, m: D( -*(0(#.-"9&.'& &" &+H2&,/# &t '-95#0# &+ #$+&,)-$"&7 &.'#.0&+ &" 0#.',-'# *&5&.*&,A +#"-9&.'& *& p: !. &+'& 0-+#7 "- .# #$+&,)-$("(*-* *& & 4 s +(<.(80- >2& &. <&.&,-" +&,A (95#+($"& "#<,-, 2.- *(+',($20(3. (*&-" *& ,(&+<# &.',& "-+ 5-,'&+7 +(. +-0,(80-, (.0&.'()#+ 5-,- &" &+H2&,/#: `(0Q# *& #',- 9-.&,-7 &" 9&%#, 0#.',-'# 2+2-"9&.'& +-0,(80-,A 5-,0(-"9&.'& "#+ $&.&80(#+ *& "- *(+',($20(3. *& ,(&+<#+7 - "#+ 8.&+ *& 5,#)&&, -"<6. <,-*# *& (.0&.'()#+:. SABERES. Nº 4 (2012). ARTÍCULOS. 23.
(8) M#.+(*@,&+& &" 0-+# *#.*& &" m#$(&,.# &+ .&2',-" 4 "- &95,&+- &+ -)&,+- -" ,(&+<#: J.'2('()-9&.'&7 4- +& Q- 9&.0(#.-*# -.'&,(#,9&.'& >2& "- 5-,'& .&2',-" -" ,(&+<# *&$&,?- +#5#,'-, '#*# &" ,(&+<#7 02-.*# &" &+'-*# *& "- .-'2,-"&/- &+ #$+&,)-$"&: !+'# +(<.(80- >2& $ q ] &. "- H3,92"- [Y^7 4 >2& "- &95,&+- #$'&.*,?- 2. $&.&80(# B-C 8%#7 +(&95,& >2& -5#,'& 2. &+H2&,/# &+'A.*-, &t: D(. &9$-,<#7 02-.*# &" 0#.',-'# .# 52&*& (.0#,5#,-, s7 -+&<2,-, - "- 0#.',-'(+'- 2. ,&'#,.# +&<2,# (95"(0- *&%-,"- +(. (.0&.'()#+ 5-,- ,&-"(/-, .-*-: D( m .# 52&*& *&'&,9(.-, &" &+H2&,/# *& i7 -+? 0#9# '-95#0# 52&*& )&,(80-, "-+ *(802"'-*&+ >2& &.H,&.'3 +2 -<&.'&7 &+'#+ H-0'#,&+ .# 52&*&. (.0#,5#,-,+& - 2. 0#.',-'#: !+'# +(<.(80- >2& i 0#$,-,?- 2.- <-.-.0(- 8%- B-C (.*&5&.*(&.'&9&.'& *&" .()&" 1 *& 0#+'#+ (.02,,(*#+7 "# 02-" (95"(0- Q-0&, +2 ,&92.&,-0(3. (.*&5&.*(&.'& *&" &+H2&,/#: M"-,-9&.'&7 "- 5,#)(+(3. *& (.0&.'()#+ 5-,- &" &+H2&,/# Q-0& .&0&+-,(# >2& "- &95,&+- ,&0($- 2. 5-<# 9-4#, +( &" ,&+2"'-*# '#'-" &+ 9-4#,7 5&,# *&$(*# - >2& &" ,&+2"'-*# *&5&.*& *& H-0'#,&+ -"&-'#,(#+ s7 &+'# (95"(0- >2& i *&$&,?- -H,#.'-, -"<# *& ,(&+<#7 -6. &. &" 0-+# >2& m +&- .&2',-" -" ,(&+<#7 4 &. 0#.*(0(#.&+ *& (.H#,9-0(3. 0#95"&'- "& 5#*,?- 5,#5#,0(#.-, - i 0#$&,'2,- 5&,H&0'-: !. &+'& 0-+# B$C *&$&,?- +&, 9-4#, - ]7 5&,# +(. ""&<-, - -"0-./-, &" )-"#, *& $qU: =# -8,9-*# &. &" 5A,,-H# -.'&,(#, +2<(&,& >2& +&,?- (95#,'-.'& 5#*&, #$'&.&, (.H#,9-0(3. +#$,& &" &+H2&,/#7 *& 9-.&,- *& #$'&.&, 9&%#,&+ 5#+(0(#.&+ &. 02-.'# "- 5,&H&,&.0(- *& ,(&+<#: D( 0#.'(.2-9#+ -8,9-.*# >2& s .# &+ #$+&,)-$"& 5#, m7 "#$+&,)-0(3. *&" &+H2&,/# *&" -<&.'& &t 5#*,?- 0"-,-9&.'& $&.&80(-, - -9$-+ 5-,'&+: D( +& 0#.',#"-,- >2& "- &95,&+- 2'("(/3 "#+ 9-'&,(-"&+ &. "- 0-"(*-* &+5&0(80-*- 4 -5"(03 "#+ 9@'#*#+ -5,#5(-*#+7 +&,?- 5#+($"& 9#)&,+& Q-0(- 2.- *(+',($20(3. (*&-" *& ,(&+<# +(. *(+9(.2(, "#+ (.0&.'()#+ 5-,- &" &+H2&,/#: !. 2. 0-+# &1',&9# *& 5&,H&0'- #$+&,)-$("(*-* *&" &+H2&,/#7 "- 0#.',-'(+'- -)&,+- -" ,(&+<# ,&0($(,?- 2. 5-<# *&5&.*(&.'& &.'&,-9&.'& *&" &+H2&,/# 4 &. 0#.+&02&.0(- .# &.H,&.'-,?- ,(&+<#7 9(&.',-+ >2& m .&2',-" -" ,(&+<# ,&0($(,?- &" ,&+2"'-*# ,&9-.&.'&: !. &+'& 0-+# $ +&,?- (<2-" - ]: ;#, #',# "-*#7 &. &" 0-+# *& i .&2',-" -" ,(&+<#7 "- (.H#,9-0(3. +#$,& +2 &+H2&,/# .# '&.*,?- .(.<6. )-"#,7 4>2& -6. &. &" 0-+# *& 5&,H&0'-9&.'& (.0#95"&'- #$+&,)-0(3. *&" &+H2&,/# # s7 '#*#+ "#+ $&.&80(#+ *& "- *(+',($20(3. *& ,(&+<# *(+5#.($"&+ 5#*,?-. "#<,-,+& +(. +-0,(80-, (.0&.'()#+: M#9# +& +&E-"3 -.'&,(#,9&.'&7 i -H,#.'-,A '#*# &" ,(&+<# 4 m ,&0($(,A 2.- ,&92.&,-0(3. 8%-: `&$(*# - >2& @+'- &+ "- 9(+9- 02-">2(&,- +&- &" &+'-*# *& ".-'2,-"&/- >2& #02,,&7 0"-,-9&.'& .# &+ .&0&+-,(- "- #$+&,)-0(3. *& s: _+(9(+9#7 '-95#0# ',-&,A $&.&80(# -"<2.# "- #$+&,)-0(3. *&" &+H2&,/# *& i7 4- >2& @+'- +2H,(,A "-+ 0#.+&02&.0(-+ *& +2 H-"'- *& &+H2&,/# 4 .# 5#*,A ',-+"-*-, "#+ 0#+'#+ -" m#$(&,.#: !. &+'& 0#.'&1'#7 &. "- H3,92"- [Y^ B$C *&$&,?- +&, (<2-" - U: g. +252&+'# ,-/#.-$"& 5-,- &" 0#.',-'# $-%# -.A"(+(+ &+ >2& "- &95,&+- 0#.',-'(+'- &+ -)&,+- -" ,(&+<# 4 &" m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v+'&. 24. DUTTO – BELTRÁN.
(9) 0#.+'('24& &. 5,(.0(5(# 2. 0#.',-'# - 5,&0(# 8%#: D(. &9$-,<#7 &" 5"(&<# Q-$("('- ",&*&'&,9(.-0(3. *&" 5,&0(# *& "- #$,-7 "# 02-" +(<.(80- "- -0'2-"(/-0(3. *&" 5,&0(# *& "#+ (.+29#+ 0-*- V] *?-+ # 02-.*# "- )-,(-0(3. 5,#9&*(# *& "#+ 9(+9#+ +&- +25&,(#, -" Zw: `& &+'- 9-.&,- &" 0#.',-'# +& -5-,'- *&" &1',&9# *& 2. 0#.',-'# - 5,&0(# 8%# B52,#C: D(. &9$-,<#7 '-95#0# +& -0&,0- - 2. 0#.',-'# *& 0#+'&+ 4 0#+'-+ *#.*& &" m#$(&,.# +& Q-0& 0-,<# *& '#*-+ "-+ )-,(-0(#.&+ *& 0#+'#+: !+'# &+ -+? *&$(*# - >2& "-+ )-,(-0(#.&+ *& 5,&0(#+ >2& +#. ,&0#.#0(*-+7 +#. +#"# ->2&""-+ ,&d&%-*-+ 5#, &" J.+'('2'# j-0(#.-" *& !+'-*?+'(0-+ 4 M&.+#+7 &+ *&0(, >2& "(9('- &+'- -0'2-"(/-0(3. - )-,(-0(#.&+ *& 0#+'#+ >2& .# +#. 0#.',#"-$"&+ 5#, &" 0#.',-'(+'-: !. 0#.+&02&.0(-7 &10"24& )-,(-0(#.&+ *& 5,&0(#+ >2& 52&*&. +2,<(, *& "- H-"'- *& 5,#H&+(#.-"(+9# *&" management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`&$(*# - "-+ 92"'-+ 5,&)(+'-+ &. &" 5"(&<# 5-,- &" 0-+# *& -',-+# &. "- &%&020(3. *& #$,-7 &+'& -+5&0'# '&.*,?- (.0(*&.0(- 0#.+(*&,-$"& +#$,& &" ,(&+<# *&" -<&.'&: M#9# 0#.+&02&.0(-7 &+'& ,(&+<# &+ -+29(*# 5#, &" !+'-*# &+'(52"-.*# 0"A2+2"-+ >2& 5&,9('& 9#*(80-, &" 5"-/# *& #$,- #,(<(.-"7 +(&95,& >2& &+'@ *&$(*-9&.'& %2+'(80-*#: i(.-"9&.'&7 &" 0#.',-'# 0#.'(&.& 0"A2+2"-+ &15"?0('-+ 0#. ,&+5&0'# - "- #$"(<-'#,(&*-* *& "- &95,&+- *& 0#.',-'-, +&<2,#+ *& *(H&,&.'&+ '(5#+7 "# 02-" Q-0& >2& &" ,(&+<# -+29(*# 5#, @+'- 0#. ,&"-0(3. - *(+'(.'#+ H-0'#,&+ &+'@ -0#'-*#: 4.2. Caso 2: Concesión de obra pública !. "- 0#.0&+(3. *& #$,- 56$"(0-7 &. +2 )&,+(3. $A+(0-7 &" !+'-*# &.0-,<- - 2.- &95,&+"- 0#.+',200(3.7 "- 9&%#,- # &" 9-.'&.(9(&.'# *& 2.- #$,- 56$"(0-7 *&$(&.*# "- 8,9,&025&,-, 5-,0(-" # '#'-"9&.'& "- (.)&,+(3. 9&*(-.'& "- &15"#'-0(3. *&" -0'()#7 - ',-)@+ *&" 0#$,# *& 2.- '-,(H- - "#+ 2+2-,(#+ *& @+'-: g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º 4 (2012). ARTÍCULOS. 25.
(10) [UVVX^ Q-0&. &.',& “procurement” y “regulation”: D&<6. &""#+7 +( $(&. ,&0#.#0&. >2& "-+ '-1#.#9?-+ +#. *& -"<6. 9#*# +(&95,& -,$(',-,(-+7 &. <&.&,-" +& Q-$"- *& procurement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m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n-"& "- 5&.- ,&0#,*-, &. &+'- (.+'-.0(- "#+ *#+ 0#.',-'#+ -"'&,.-'()#+ 9&.0(#.-*#+ &. &" 0-+# UI*!"#$%&'()#*123*)+2/%&4,27 "#+ 02-"&+ +#. 9&0-.(+9#+ '?5(0#+ 2+-*#+ &. "- B-*>2(+(0(3.C: _ "#+ 8.&+ *& ,&-"(/-, 2. &.02-*,-9(&.'# 9A+ (.'&<,-"7 "#+ &+>2&9-+ *& (.0&.'()#+ 9A+ Q-$('2-"&+ -5"(0-$"&+ - "- -*>2(+(0(3. [0-+# U^ 4 ,&<2"-0(3. [0-+# W^ +#. ,&+29(*#+ &. &" M2-*,# jx U7 0"-+(80A.*#"#+ +&<6. &" 5#*&, # 5#'&.0(*& "#+ 9&0-.(+9#+7 &+ *&0(,7 *& "- (.'&.+(*-* *& "- 0#.&1(3. &.',& "- ',-.+H&,&.0(- *&" <#$(&,.# - "- &95,&+- # "#+ 5,&0(#+ *& "- 8,9- 4 +2 5&,H#,9-.0& &. 02-.'# - 0#+'#+ # <-.-.0(-: !+'- 0"-+(80-0(3. &+ (95#,'-.'& 5#,>2& &. &""- +2$4-0& "- 8"#+#H?- *& "-+ ',&+ <,-.*&+ 0"-+&+ *& &+>2&9-+ *& (.0&.'()#+ &.0#.',-*#+ &. "- 5,A0'(0-: `&$(*# - >2& "#+ 0#.',-'#+ !"#$%&'()# 4 cost-plus 4- H2&,#. -.-"(/-*#+ &. "- +&00(3. -.'&,(#,7 &. &+'& -5-,'-*# +& *&+0,($(,A. "#+ ',&+ &+>2&9-+ 5&,'&.&0(&.'&+ - ",&<2"-0(3.I price-caps7 ,&<2"-0(3. 5#, (.0&.'()#+ 4 ,&<2"-0(3. 5#, 0#+'#+:. 5. =#+ 0#.',($24&.'&+ *& (952&+'#+ '(&.&. 2. (.'&,@+ 0,&-*#7 5&,# 0-,&0&. *& 2.- #,<-.(/-0(3. +280(&.'&:. 26. DUTTO – BELTRÁN.
(11) !" &+5?,('2 *& "- ,&<2"-0(3. 5#, 0#+'#+ # MND (cost of service) 6 0#.+(+'& &. *&'&,9(.-, 2. 5,&0(# *& )&.'- '-" >2& "#+ (.<,&+#+ '#'-"&+ +&-. (<2-"&+ - "#+ 0#+'#+ '#'-"&+: h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g.02&+'(3. 0,20(-" 5-,- *&'&,9(.-, "-+ 5,#5(&*-*&+ &. 02-.'# - (.0&.'()#+ *&" &+>2&9- *& ,&<2"-0(3. MND &+ &" "-5+# *& '(&95# *2,-.'& &" 02-" "#+ 5,&0(#+ *& )&.'- *&" 5,#*20'# &+'A. 8%#+7 # *(0Q# *& #',# 9#*# &" '(&95# >2& ',-.+02,,& &.',& 0-*- ,&)(+(3.: `&$(*# >2& "#+ 5,&0(#+ +#. ,?<(*#+ 4 "- 8,9- &+ 2.- ,&0"-9-.'& ,&+(*2-" &.',& *#+ ,&)(+(#.&+7 "- ,&<2"-0(3. 5#, 0#+'#+ *(8&,& *& +2 0#.',-5-,'& Bcost-plusC0 &. Bprocurement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m#$(&,.# &"&)-, &" 5,&0(# *& )&.'-: Cuadro 1. Esquema de incentivos habituales n(.02"-0(3. 0#.',-0'2-" ;#*&, *& "#+ (.0&.'()#+. Procurement [M-+# U^. Regulation [M-+# W^. T24 -"'# [&95,&+- ,&0"-9-.'& ,&+(*2-"^. M#.',-'#+ !"#$%&'()#. Price-caps. J.'&,9&*(# [5-,'(0(5-0(3. &. 0#+'#+ # <-.-.0(-+^. M#.',-'#+ *& (.0&.'()#+. L&<2"-0(3. 5#, (.0&.'()#+. T24 $-%# [<#$(&,.# # 0#.+29(*#,&+ ,&0"-9-.'&+ ,&+(*2-"&+^. M#.',-'#+ cost-plus. L&<2"-0(3. 5#, 0#+'#+. =- ,&<2"-0(3. 5#, (.0&.'()#+7 024- &+&.0(- ,&+(*& &. 0#95-,'(, "-+ )-,(-0(#.&+ *& 0#+'#+ # *& <-.-.0(-+ &.',& "- 8,9- 4 &" !+'-*#7 0#.+(+'& &. -%2+'-, "#+ 5,&0(#+ - "-. 6. g.- *&.#9(.-0(3. -"'&,.-'()- &+ L-'& #H ,&'2,. ,&<2"-'(#.:. SABERES. Nº 4 (2012). ARTÍCULOS. 27.
(12) $-%- 02-.*# "- '-+- *& ,&'#,.# *& "- 8,9- &10&*& 2.- '-+- #$%&'()#7 5&,# &+'& -%2+'& &+ 5-,0(-" - 8. *& 5&,9('(, >2& "- 8,9- 9-.'&.<- 5-,'& *& "- <-.-.0(- ,&-"(/-*-: ;#, &%&95"#7 &" 5,&0(# 52&*& +&, *(+9(.2(*# *& 9#*# *& ,&*20(, "-+ <-.-.0(-+ &. &10&+# &. 2. Z] w &. 0-*- -E# +20&+()#: ;#, &" 0#.',-,(# 2.- '-+- *& ,&'#,.# 5#, *&$-%# *& "- #$%&'()# *-,?- "2<-, - 2. -%2+'& 0#95"&'# *& 5,&0(#+ 5-,- &)('-, 5@,*(*-+: =- ,&<2"-0(3. price-cap .# Q-0& 2+# &15"?0('# *& (.H#,9-0(3. 0#.'-$"&: !" ,&<2"-*#, 8%5,&0(#+ 5-,- "#+ 5,#*20'#+7 "#+ 02-"&+ 52&*&. +&, -%2+'-*#+ 9&*(-.'& 2.- 0"A2+2"- *& (.*&1-0(3. *2,-.'& &" 5&,?#*# ,&<2"-'#,(#: !+'- H#,9- *& ,&<2"-0(3.7 &. +2 )&,+(3. 9A+ 52,- 5,#Q?$& &" 2+# 0#.',-0'2-" *& (.H#,9-0(3. +#$,& 0#+'#+: P-9$(@. ,&>2(&,& >2& &" ,&<2"-*#, '&.<- $2&. 0#.#0(9(&.'# *& "#+ 0#+'#+ 4 "-+ 0#.*(0(#.&+ *& *&9-.*-: g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price-cap $2+0- 0#.+'('2(,+& &. &" &>2()-"&.'& *& 2. 0#.',-'# !"#$%&'()#7 4 &. 0#.+&02&.0(- +&, *& -"'# 5#*&, # 5#'&.0(-: !. +&<2.*# "2<-,7 "- 8,9- +& $&.&80(*& 2.- d&1($("(*-* *& "#+ 5,&0(#+ - "- $-%-7 "# 02-" &. 5-,'(02"-, "& 5&,9('& -%2+'-, +2 &+',20'2,- *& 5,&0(#+ ,&"-'()#+: !. '&,0&, "2<-,7 "- *(+'-.0(- &.',& "-+ ,&)(+(#.&+ &+ &13<&.-7 2+2-"9&.'& 02-',# - 0(.0# -E#+: !. ,&-"(*-*7 5-,- >2& Q-4- 2.- *(H&,&.0(+(<.(80-'()- &.',& MND 4 price-caps7 &" '(&95# >2& ',-.+02,,& &.',& "-+ ,&)(+(#.&+ *& 5,&0(#+ *&$&,?- +&, 9-4#, &. &+'- 6"'(9-: !" 0#.',-'# >2& +&,A #$%&'# *& -.A"(+(+ &. &+'- +&00(3. 0#.+(+'& &. 2.- 0#.0&+(3. 5#, 5&-%& *& 2.- ,2'- *& %2,(+*(00(3. .-0(#.-" 7: !" ""-9-*# - "(0('-0(3. 4 '#*- "*#029&.'-0(3. 0#.',-0'2-" H2&,#. -5,#$-*#+ 5#, L&+#"20(3. jx \]aW]]X *&" T(.(+'&,(# *& ;"-.(80-0(3. i&*&,-" *& "- j-0(3. 8: `&$& +&E-"-,+& >2& 2.- 5-,'& +(<.(80-'()- *&" -.A"(+(+ *&" M-+# U &+ -5"(0-$"& -" M-+# W: !. 0#.+&02&.0(-7 - 8. *& &)('-, ,&('&,-0(#.&+7 &" *&+-,,#""# *& &+'& 6"'(9# +& H#0-"(/-,A &. "-+ *(H&,&.0(-+: D#. )A"(*-+ 5-,- &+'- 02&+'(3. '#*-+ "-+ 0#.+(*&,-0(#.&+ )&,'(*-+ 5-,- &" 0-+# U7 ,&+5&0'# *&" trade-off &.',& 2.- *(+',($20(3. *& ,(&+<# &80(&.'& 4 "- 5,#)(+(3. *& (.0&.'()#+ 5-,- "- &95,&+-: D(. 5&,%2(0(# *& &""#7 +& *&$& '&.&, &. 02&.'- >2& "#+ &+>2&9-+ *& (.0&.'()#+ $A+(0#+*!"#$%&'()# 4 cost-plus -5"(0-$"&+ - "- 0#.',-'-0(3. ',-*(0(#.-"7 *& -02&,*# - "# &152&+'# &. &" M2-*,# jx U +& ',-.+H#,9-. 5-,- "- 0#.0&+(3. en price-caps 4 MND7 ,&+5&0'()-9&.'&: _" (<2-" >2& &. &" 0-+# *& 0#.',-'-0(3. *& #$,- 56$"(0-7 5-,- 2.- 8,9- -)&,+- -" ,(&+<# 4 2. !+'-*# .&2',-"7 *-*# &" 5,#$"&9*& #$+&,)-$("(*-* 5&,H&0'- *&" &+H2&,/# 4 *&" &+'-*# *& "- .-'2,-"&/-7 +&,?- &+5&,-$"&. 7. !" .#9$,& *& "- 0#.',-'-0(3. &+ BM#.0&+(3. 5#, 5&-%& *& "- 0#.+',200(3.7 9&%#,-+7 0#.+&,)-0(3.7 -95"(-0(3.7 ,&9#*&"-0(3.7 9-.'&.(9(&.'#7 -*9(.(+',-0(3. 4 &15"#'-0(3. *& \ M#,,&*#,&+ n(-"&+ >2& 0#95#.&. "- L&* n(-" j-0(#.-"C:. 8. !+'- *#029&.'-0(3. 52&*& +&, 0#.+2"'-*- &. RRR:(.H#"&<:<#):-,. 28. DUTTO – BELTRÁN.
(13) >2& &" 0#.',-'# &80(&.'& +& +('6& &. 2.- 5#+(0(3. (.'&,9&*(- &.',& -9$#+ '(5#+ *& 0#.',-'#+: !. "- ',-.+-00(3. #$%&'# *& &+'2*(# "- &95,&+- *&$& 5,&+&.'-, 2. ;"-. !0#.39(0# i(.-.0(&,#7 &. &" 02-" +& *&'-""-. +2+ &+'(9-0(#.&+ *& (.<,&+#+ 4 &<,&+#+ 5-,- "#+ 0(.0# -E#+ >2& *2,- "- 0#.0&+(3.7 -+? 0#9# "- +2$)&.0(3.a0-.#. 5,&+&.'-*- &. +2 #H&,'-: _*&9A+ &+'- (.H#,9-0(3. *&$& +&, 0#95"&9&.'-*- 0#. &" 0A"02"# *& "- PJL ['-+- (.'&,.- *& ,&'#,.#^7 "- 02-" .# *&$& &10&*&, &" UZw -.2-"7 &" n_j [n-"#, -0'2-" .&'#^ 4 &" 0#0(&.'& n_Jan_! [n-"#, -0'2-" *& "#+ (.<,&+#+ *()(*(*# n-"#, -0'2-" *& "#+ &<,&+#+^ V7 0-"02"-*#+ "#+ *#+ 6"'(9#+ - "- '-+- *& *&+02&.'# *&" UWw: g. 52.'# +&E-"-, &+ >2& "-+ '-,(H-+ (.(0(-"9&.'& +#. 8%-*-+ &. "#+ 5"(&<#+ 5#, &" ,&<2"-*#,7 9(&.',-+ >2& &" d2%# *& ',A.+('# 5,&)(+'# &+ 2.- &+'(9-0(3. Q&0Q- 5#, &" #H&,&.'&: ;-,- *&'&,9(.-, +( &" '(5# *& ,&<2"-0(3. &+'-$"&0(*# &. "#+ 5"(&<#+ +& -+&9&%- - "9#*-"(*-* MND # price-caps7 +& *&$& 5,#H2.*(/-, &. "- 9&'#*#"#<?- *& ,&)(+(3. *& '-,(H-+ >2& &" 9(+9# &+'-$"&0&: =-+ '-,(H-+ *&8.(*-+ &. &" ;"(&<# P@0.(0# ;-,'(02"-,7 &+'A. +2%&'-+ - ,&)(+(3.7 - +#"(0('2* *& "- 8,9- # &" !+'-*#7 02-.*# +& 5,#*2/0- 2.)-,(-0(3.7 &. 9A+ # &. 9&.#+7 *&" U]w *&" ;-,A9&',# *& L&)(+(3.7 0#952&+'# 5#, &" Z]w *&" y.*(0& *&" M#+'# *& "- M#.+',200(3. m,-. l2&.#+ _(,&+ j()&" m&.&,-"7 4 &" Z]w *&" y.*(0& *& D-"-,(#+7 -9$#+ 52$"(0-*#+ 5#, &" Jj`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`&.',# *& "#+ X] *?-+ *& 5,&+&.'-*- "- +#"(0('2* *& 0#,,&00(3. 4 Q-$(@.*#+& 0#.+'-'-*# &" 0295"(9(&.'# *& "-+ #$"(<-0(#.&+ 0#.',-0'2-"&+ 5#, 5-,'& *& "- 0#.0&+(#.-,(-7 "-2'#,(*-* *& -5"(0-0(3. *&'&,9(.- &" -%2+'& *& '-,(H-+ - -5"(0-, 9&*(-.'& &" 9&0-.(+9# *&'-""-*# - 0#.'(.2-0(3.7 >2& .# 5#*,A +25&,-,7 &. .(.<6. 0-+#7 "- )-,(-0(3. ,&<(+',-*&. &" ;-,A9&',# *& L&)(+(3.: M#. &" #$%&'# *& 9-.'&.&, &" &>2("($,(# *& "- &02-0(3. &0#.39(0#G8.-.0(&,- 0#.',-0'2-"7 9&*(*- 0#9# "- ,&"-0(3. &.',& &" n-"#, _0'2-" *& "#+ J.<,&+#+ 4 &" n-"#, _0'2-" *& "#+ !<,&+#+ *&" ;"-. !0#.39(0# i(.-.0(&,# *& "- #H&,'-7 0-"02"-*#+ - "- P-+- *& `&+02&.'# *&" UWw7 +& 0#.+(*&,-I =#+ (.<,&+#+ '#'-"&+ 0#.+(<.-*#+ &. &" ;"-. !0#.39(0# i(.-.0(&,# *& "- #H&,'-7 (.0"24&.*# "#+ *&,()-*#+ *&" ',A.+('# 5,&)(+'#7 '#*- )&/ >2& &+'- 0#.0&+(3. +& 0#.+'('24& &. 2. 0#.',-'# *& ,(&+<# &95,&+-,(#7 4 &" !+'-*# .# <-,-.'(/- ',A.+('#+ 9?.(9#+ .( $&.&80(#+: =#+ <-+'#+ #5&,-'()#+ & (.)&,+(#.&+ 5,&)(+'#+ &. &" ;"-. !0#.39(0# i(.-.0(&,# *& "#H&,'-7 "-+ >2& .# +& 52&*&. -%2+'-,7 &. '-.'# &" ;-,A9&',# *& L&)(+(3. .# -"0-.0& &" .()&" &+'-$"&0(*#: _ 5-,'(, *& &+& 9#9&.'#7 +& 5,#0&*& - +2 -%2+'& 9&*(-.'& "-. V. =- "('&,-'2,- 8.-.0(&,- [L#++7 W]]\^ *&.#9(.- - &+'& 0#0(&.'& y.*(0& *& ,&.'-$("(*-*. SABERES. Nº 4 (2012). ARTÍCULOS. WV.
(14) 2'("(/-0(3. *& 2. 0#&80(&.'& <&.&,-" *& )-,(-0(3. *& 0#+'#+7 0#.+',2(*# - &H&0'#+ *& ,&d&%-, "- &+',20'2,- *& 0#+'#+ *& "-+ 0#.0&+(#.&+7 9&.#+ &" Z]w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cw *& BT-.# *& #$,-C7 +&<6. ?.*(0& *&" 0-5?'2"# 9-.# *& #$,- *& "- '-$"- *& (.H#,9-0(3. &+'-*?+'(0- 5-,- "- ,&*&'&,9(.-0(3. *& 5,&0(#+ *& 0#.',-'#+ *& N$,;6$"(0- *&" Jj`!M: W\w *& Bm-+ N("C7 +&<6. ?.*(0& *& "- '-$"- *& (.H#,9-0(3. &+'-*?+'(0- 5-,- ",&*&'&,9(.-0(3. *& 5,&0(#+ *& 0#.',-'#+ *& N$,- ;6$"(0- *&" Jj`!M: UZw *& B_+H-"'#C7 +&<6. 5,&0(# *& "- '#.&"-*- *& -+H-"'# - <,-.&" 52&+'- +#$,& 0-9(3. &. *&+'("&,?- *& "- ;,#)(.0(- *& l2&.#+ _(,&+7 5#, 5-<# -" 0#.'-*# +(. Jn_: UXw *& B;(&*,-+C7 +&<6. ?.*(0& *& "- '-$"- *& (.H#,9-0(3. &+'-*?+'(0- 5-,- ",&*&'&,9(.-0(3. *& 5,&0(#+ *& 0#.',-'#+ *& N$,- ;6$"(0- *&" Jj`!M: W]w *& BT->2(.-+ n(-"&+ _2'#5,#52"+-*-+C7 +&<6. ?.*(0& *& "- '-$"- *& (.H#,9-0(3. &+'-*?+'(0- 5-,- "- ,&*&'&,9(.-0(3. *& 5,&0(#+ *& 0#.',-'#+ *& N$,- ;6$"(0- *&" Jj`!M: Vw *& B;&,8"&+ *& Q(&,,#C7 +&<6. ?.*(0& *& "- '-$"- *& (.H#,9-0(3. &+'-*?+'(0- 5-,- ",&*&'&,9(.-0(3. *& 5,&0(#+ *& 0#.',-'#+ *& N$,- ;6$"(0- *&" Jj`!M: =#+ ,2$,#+ *& m-+'#+ *& !15"#'-0(3.7 m-+'#+ *& _*9(.(+',-0(3. 4 m-+'#+ *& D&,)(0(#+ -" g+2-,(# +&,A. -H&0'-*#+ 5#, "- )-,(-0(3. *& "#+ +(<2(&.'&+ ?'&9+ 5,#*20(*- &.',& &" 9&+ *& #H&,'- 4 &" 9&+ *& -%2+'&7 0#. "- (.0(*&.0(- >2& &. 0-*- 0-+# +& (.*(0-.I \]w *& BT-.# *& #$,-C7 +&<6. ?.*(0& *&" 0-5?'2"# 9-.# *& #$,- *& "- '-$"- *& (.H#,9-0(3. &+'-*?+'(0- 5-,- "- ,&*&'&,9(.-0(3. *& 5,&0(#+ *& 0#.',-'#+ *& N$,;6$"(0- *&" Jj`!M: Y]w *& y.*(0& *& ;,&0(#+ -" M#.+29(*#,7 L2$,# D&,)(0(#+7 52$"(0-*# 5#, &" Jj`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z q {w|G} {w=G[UG}^{w~. 30. [Z^. DUTTO – BELTRÁN.
(15) 0#.. (. N }q .q]. et-n et-n ~t-n. (. ×. 1 N+1. *#.*&7 zI M#&80(&.'& *& ;,#*20'()(*-* *&" +&0'#,: {wI n-,(-0(3. 5#,0&.'2-" 5,#9&*(# *& "- )-,(-$"& 0#,,&+5#.*(&.'& *&.',# *&" 5&,(#*# 0#95,&.*(*# &.',& ' 4 'Gj |I P,A.+('# 5-+-.'& 5#, "- '#'-"(*-* *& "-+ &95,&+-+ 0#.0&+(#.-,(-+ =I T-.# *& #$,- #025-*- &. "- '#'-"(*-* *& "-+ 0#.0&+(#.-,(-+ [9&*(*-+ &. Q#,-+ a Q#9$,& # &. 2.(*-*&+ *& ',-$-%-*#,&+7 +&<6. &" <,-*# *& 5,&0(+(3. - -*#5'-,^ ~I M-5('-" &95"&-*# &. "- '#'-"(*-* *& "-+ 0#.0&+(#.-,(-+ [&.'&.*(*# 0#9# '#*#+ ->2&""#+ H-0'#,&+ *& "- 5,#*200(3. >2& .# +#. 9-.# *& #$,-^: ;2&*& +&, 9&*(*# &. 5&+#+ - 5-,'(, *& "#+ *-'#+ *& "#+ !+'-*#+ M#.'-$"&+7 0#9# &" _0'()# P#'-"7 0#9# "- +29- *& "#+ $(&.&+ *& 0-9$(# 4 $(&.&+ *& 2+#7 0#9# "+29- *&" _0'()# P#'-" 4 *&" ,2$,# >2& ,&d&%& "-+ +2$0#.',-'-0(#.&+ *& +&,)(0(#+7 # 0#9# +& *&8.- #5#,'2.-9&.'& - "#+ &H&0'#+ *& ,&d&%-, 0#. 9-4#, 5,&0(+(3. - &+'& 0#.0&5'#: }I =- 5-,'(0(5-0(3. *& "- 9-.# *& #$,- &. "- 5,#*200(3. *&" +&0'#,: eI T-+- +-"-,(-" -$#.-*- [# *&)&.<-*-^ (.0"2(*-+ "-+ 0#.',($20(#.&+ 5-',#.-"&+ &. "- '#'-"(*-* *& "-+ 0#.0&+(#.-,(-+: !+'& 0#&80(&.'& &+ 0#952'-*# +#"-9&.'& +( ,&+2"'- +&, 9-4#, - 0&,# 4 +& 0#.+(*&,&" Z]w *&" 9(+9#7 5-,- *(+',($2(, &" $&.&80(# &. 5-,'&+ (<2-"&+ &.',& "-+ &95,&+-+ 4 "#+ 2+2-,(#+: g.- )&/ 9#*(80-*#+ "#+ &<,&+#+ 0#.',-0'2-"&+ - 5-,'(, *&" 5&,?#*# >2& 0#,,&+5#.*-7 0#. "#+ -%2+'&+ (.*(0-*#+ 4 -5"(0-*# &" M#&80(&.'& *& ;,#*20'()(*-*7 +& 0-"02"- "9#*(80-0(3. >2& *&$- -5"(0-,+& +#$,& "-+ '-,(H-+7 '-9$(@. - 5-,'(, *&" 5&,?#*# >2& 0#,,&+5#.*-7 0#. 2. 5#,0&.'-%& *& )-,(-0(3. '-" >2& ,&+'-$"&/0- "- ,&"-0(3. 0#.',-0'2-" &.',& &" n-"#, _0'2-" *& "#+ J.<,&+#+ 4 &" n-"#, _0'2-" *& "#+ !<,&+#+7 4 +& 0#.+(*&,&" 9&+ *& -%2+'& 0#9# 9&+ $-+&7 - "#+ &H&0'#+ *& -%2+'&+ 5#+'&,(#,&+: !. 0-+# >2& &" )-"#, ,&+2"'-.'& *&" 0A"02"# 5,&0&*&.'& H2&,- 9-4#, >2& &" ;-,A9&',# *& L&)(+(3.7 +& 2'("(/- &+'& 6"'(9# 5-,- -%2+'-, &" )-"#, *& "-+ '-,(H-+: g.- )&/ ,&-"(/-*# &" -%2+'& *& "- '-,(H-7 +& '#9- '-9$(@. 0#9# 9&+ $-+& -" ;-,A9&',# *& L&)(+(3. 0#,,&+5#.*(&.'& -" 9&+ &. >2& +& 5,#0&*(3 - -5"(0-, *(0Q# -%2+'&: D( 2.- )&/ 0-"02"-*# &" )-"#, *& "#+ -%2+'&+ *& '-,(H-+7 &" !+'-*# *&0(*(&,- .# 9#*(80-, &" M2-*,# P-,(H-,(# *& -5"(0-0(3. -" 56$"(0#7 52&*& ,&&95"-/-, "- *(H&,&.0(- *& (.<,&+#+ >2& *&$?- 5,#*20(,+& 0#9# 0#.+&02&.0(- *& *(0Q#+ -%2+'&+7 9&*(-.'& "-+ 0#,,&+5#.*(&.'&+. SABERES. Nº 4 (2012). ARTÍCULOS. 31.
(16) )-,(-0(#.&+ *&" 0-.#. # *& "- +2$)&.0(3. &+'-$"&0(*-7 +&<6. 0#,,&+5#.*-7 *& 9-.&,'-" *& 9-.'&.&, &" &>2("($,(# *& "- &02-0(3. &0#.39(0# 8.-.0(&,-7 9&*(*- 0#9# ",&"-0(3. &.',& "#+ )-"#,&+ -0'2-"&+ *& (.<,&+#+ 4 &<,&+#+: =- 9&'#*#"#<?- *& ,&)(+(3. *& '-,(H-+ &152&+'- -.'&,(#,9&.'&7 '(&.& 920Q-+ +&9&%-./-+ 0#. 2.- *& "-+ )&,+(#.&+ *& price-caps *&.#9(.-*- L;J F z: !. @+'-7 <&.&,-"9&.'& &" ,&<2"-*#, &+'-$"&0& 5-,- 2. 5&,?#*# &+5&0?80# *& '(&95#7 2. 5,&0(# 9A1(9# >2& "- 8,9- 52&*& 0#$,-, 5#, +2 +&,)(0(#: !+'& 5,&0(# 52&*& +&, (.0,&9&.'-*# 0-*- -E# 5#, 2. 9#.'# &>2()-"&.'& - "- '-+- *& (.0,&9&.'# *&" ?.*(0& *& 5,&0(#+ -" 0#.+29(*#, [L;JI retail prices index^: ;#, #',# "-*#7 *&$& +&, ,&*20(*# 0-*- -E# 5#, 2. 9#.'# >2& +& +25#.& &15,&+- 2.- &+'(9-0(3. *&" (.0,&9&.'# *& "- '-+- *& 5,#*20'()(*-*: N0-+(#.-"9&.'&7 "- H3,92"- '-9$(@. 5&,9('& ',-+"-*-, - "#+ 5,&0(#+ *& )&.'- *&" +&,)(0(#7 "#+ 0-9$(#+ &. &" )-"#, *& 9&,0-*# *& 2. (.+29# (95#,'-.'&I "*&.#9(.-0(3. &. &+'& 0-+# &+ L;J F z: !. 5,(.0(5(#7 &. 0#.',-+'& 0#. "- ,&<2"-0(3. 5#, '-+- *& ,&'#,.# [MND^7 "- 9&'#*#"#<?(.',#*20(*- &. &+'& 0#.',-'# '(&.& "- )&.'-%- *& 5,#)&&, 9-4#,&+ (.0&.'()#+ 5-,,&*200(#.&+ *& 0#+'# 4 9&%#,-+ &. "- 5,#*20'()(*-*: D& -0&,0- 9A+ - "#+ 0#.',-'#+ *& 5,&0(#+ 8%#+ *&" 0-+# U: =- &95,&+- 0#.0&+(#.-,(- ,&0($(,A &" $&.&80(# 5,#)&.(&.'& *& 2. 9-4#, &+H2&,/#7 9(&.',-+ >2& &" !+'-*# ,&0($& 2. ,&+2"'-*# ,&"-'()-9&.'& &+'-$"&: J.0"2+# &+ 5#+($"& &+5&,-, "- (.',#*200(3. *& (..#)-0(#.&+ >2& ,&*2/0-. "#+ 0#+'#+ & (.0,&9&.'&. "-+ <-.-.0(-+ *& "- &95,&+- 5&,# >2& .# 0-9$(-,A. "#+ $&.&80(#+ *& "#+ 2+2-,(#+7 "#+ 02-"&+ *&5&.*&. *& "-+ '-,(H-+ 8%-*-+ 5#, &" !+'-*#: =- &95,&++#5#,'- &" ,(&+<# 4 '(&.& (.0&.'()#+ 5-,- &" &+H2&,/#: N$)(-9&.'&7 +& &+5&,-,?- >2& +2+ <-.-.0(-+ H2&,-. 9A+ )#"A'("&+ >2& &. &" 0-+# *& ,&<2"-0(3. 5#, '-+- *& ,&'#,.#: D(. &9$-,<#7 "- &95,&+- &+'A 5,#'&<(*- *& "-+ )-,(-0(#.&+ *& 5,&0(#+ *& (.+29#+ +(+'@9(0-+7 "-+ 02-"&+ 5#, *&8.(0(3. .# +#. 0#.',#"-$"&+ 5#, &""-: D(. 5&,%2(0(# *& "# -.'&,(#,7 &. "- 5,A0'(0- &" 5#*&, *& "#+ (.0&.'()#+ >2& 5,#)&& L;J F z7 *&5&.*& *& "- *2,-0(3. *&" 5&,?#*# *& ,&)(+(3.: !. &+'& 0-+#7 5#*,?- &+5&,-,+& 2. 5&,?#*# 0#9# 9?.(9# (<2-" - 2. -E#7 *&$(*# - >2& "- '-+- *& (.d-0(3. &+5&,-*5-,- "- H&0Q- *& "- "(0('-0(3. &,- 0&,0-.- -" U]w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j# #$+'-.'&7 -6. 02-.*# &" 5&,?#*# *& ,&)(+(3. +&- *& 0#,'- *2,-0(3.7 Q-4 *#+ H-0'#,&+ >2& ,&H2&,/-. "#+ (.0&.'()#+ 5-,- &" &+H2&,/# &. &" 0-+# &+5&0?80# *&" 0#.',-'# *& 0#.0&+(3. -.-"(/-*#: !" 5,(9&,# &+ >2& &" H-0'#, z +#"# +& *&*20& *& "- )-,(-0(3. *& 0#+'#+ &. 2. Z]w7 "# 02-" 5&,9('& >2& "- &95,&+- +& -5,#5(& -2.>2& +&- 5-,0(-"9&.'& *&" (.0,&9&.'# *& <-.-.0(-+ *&$(*# - "- 9-4#, &80(&.0(-: !. +&<2.*# "2<-,7 &" H-0'#, z &+ 2. 0#&80(&.'& *& -29&.'# *& "- 5,#*20'()(*-* 5,#9&*(# *&" +&0'#,: !. 0#.+&02&.0(-7 "#+ (.0&.'()#+ 5-,- ,&*200(3. *& 0#+'#+ 4 -29&.'# *& &80(&.0(- +& 9-.'(&.&.7 4- >2& +( "- &95,&+- (.*()(*2-"9&.'& 0#.+(*&,-*- &1Q($& 2. -29&.'#. 32. DUTTO – BELTRÁN.
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6 Para la pervivencia de la tradición clásica y la mitología en la poesía machadiana, véase: Lasso de la Vega, José, “El mito clásico en la literatura española
• For patients with severe asthma and who are on oral corticosteroids or for patients with severe asthma and co-morbid moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis or adults with
Administration of darolutamide (600 mg twice daily for 5 days) prior to co-administration of a single dose of rosuvastatin (5 mg) together with food resulted in approximately
