• No se han encontrado resultados

E mail:

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Share "E mail:"

Copied!
31
0
0

Texto completo

(1)

Jornadas Convergencia Ciencia-Tecnología, Alcalá de Henares, 1-Marzo-2005

Dpto. Física de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco, Donostia  International Physics Center (DIPC) and Centro Mixto CSIC­UPV/EHU, 

Donostia, Spain      http://dipc.ehu.es/arubio     E­mail: [email protected]

¿Para qué sirven los nanotubos?

Angel Rubio

(2)

Nanotecnología

Nuevas herramientas/ Nuevos fenómenos/Nuevas aplicaciones

Breve Historia

Richard Feynman There is plenty of room at the bottom, “Until researchers had tools sized just right for directly manipulating atoms and molecules”

1959 1981

1986

Manipulación atómica

1990

Capas atómicas, pozos cuánticos, Laser de semiconductor, Materiales de GMR

STM AFM 1980 MBE 1985

1991

Fullerenos

Nanotubos carbono

Iijima

Xe en Ni(110)

Aparece la palabra nanotecnología por primera vez en un articulo científico

Rorher y Binnig – P. Nobel

Smalley – P. Nobel

Eigler

1999 nanotube transistor; 1999 Tour and Reed molecular electronics, 2000 Clinton iniciativa de nanociencia

(3)
(4)

The Royal Society & The Royal Academy of Engineering 2004

(5)

Objetivos en Nanociencia

¿Donde estamos y a donde vamos?

Materiales de alta dureza y resistencia

Nuevos materiales para MEMS y sensores

Materiales inteligentes con sensores y actuadores  mecánicos

Disipación térmica

Nuevas energías

Dispositivos nanoelectrónicos,      ópticos y magnéticos

Biomateriales

(6)

(Zhu, Xu, Wu, Wei, Vajtai and Ajayan, Science 296, 884, 2002)

Discovering of C-tubes: S. Iijima Nature (1991)

Multi-walled carbon nanotube Single-walled carbon nanotube

SEM micrograph HRTEM

(7)

Thess et al., Science, 1996

Bucky-paper (SEM)

Production of pure and clean double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) in high yield

Nature 433, 476 (2005)

(8)

Nanotubos: ¿nuevo material base en nanociencia?

Propiedades eléctricas Semiconductor, aislante,

metálico o superconductor en función de su estructura

Conductividad como el Cobre Propiedades térmicas

Precio actual: 400 $ el gramo!!!

A ESCALA NANOMÉTRICA : materiales libres de DEFECTOS 100 VECES MAS RESISTENTE QUE

EL ACERO PERO MAS LIGERO !!

FLEXIBLE!

Propiedades mecánicas

Para ver esta pelcula, debe disponer de QuickTimeª y de un descompresor YUV420 codec.

Para ver esta pelcula, debe disponer de QuickTimeª y de un descompresor YUV420 codec.

Aplicaciones:

•PANTALLAS para televisión (comercial)

•NANOCOMPOSITES: Polímeros más duros y resistentes. Plásticos conductores

•ALMACENAMIENTO Y CONVERSIÓN DE ENERGÍA: Adsorbe hidrogeno

•NANOELECTRÓNICA (6% patentes)

•SENSORES

(9)

Carbon Nanotubes-based Field Emission Display (6 inches) from CEA/LETI technologies Grenoble (courtesy of Jean Dijon)

film

(10)

Nanotubes: Mechanical Response

Buckling

Twisting

Young’s Modulus ~ 1-1.5 Tpa

One of the Strongest, Stiffest Material Highly Flexible, Elastic, Deformable Novel Molecular Plasticity

Extremely Light, So High Specific Strength

Courtesy: Dr. B. Yakabson

(11)

Strength Chart

Nanotubes exhibit electrical conductivity as high as copper, thermal conductivity as high as diamond, strength 100 times greater than steel at one sixth the weight, and high strain to failure.

From NASA

(12)

Arthur C. Clarke (1978) “Fountains of Paradaise”

El ascensor espacial !!!

“At the third annual international conference on the space elevator being held in Washington, D.C.

(2204), scientists and engineers are tackling hurdles that must be overcome for the concept to, quite

literally, get off the ground”

(13)

Nanobalance:

P. Poncharal et al, Science 283, 1513 (1999)

From the resonance frequency 968 kHz, the calculated mass of this 308-nm-diameter particle is approx 30 fg, assuming spherical geometry and bulk density. Eb = 90 GPa for this 42-nm- diameter nanotube, so that the calculated unloaded resonant frequency of the tube is 3.28 MHz.

This nanobalance technique is a direct way to weigh individual particles in the femtogram-to- picogram size range

(14)

P. Kim and C.M. Lieber, Science 286, 2148 (1999)

Nanotube Nanotweezers

(15)

Nanoscale linear bearing

J. Cumings, A. Zettl, Science 2000 July 28; 289: 602-604 Repeatedextension and retraction of telescoping nanotube segments revealed no wear or fatigue on the atomic scale. Demonstrated the anticipated van der Waals energy-based retraction force

(16)

Nature 398, 761 (1999)

(17)
(18)
(19)

Economist, May2003

Nanoelectronics

(20)

Dónde estamos y de qué disponemos?

(21)
(22)
(23)

C. Gómez,P.J. De Pablo J. Gómez, B. Biel, F.J. Garcia-Vidal, AR and F. Flores (2005)

(24)

Designing Carbon Nanotubes for Interconnect Application s

Why Carbon Nanotubes ?

Low Resistivity

Small Dimensions

Mechanically Robust

High Current Densities

No Electromigration

High Thermal Conductivity

New Paradigm for Future Interconnect Technology 3-D Architectures, Growth, Integration

Tailoring Nanotube Structure, Properties

Creating and Characterizing Junctions, Networks

1 nm 2-30 nm

Nanotubes for Sensor Devices

(25)

Assembly of Nanotube Networks

N. R. Franklin and H. Dai, Adv. Mater., 12, 890 (2000)

(26)
(27)
(28)

El rotor eléctrico más pequeño!

A.M. Fennimore et al, Nature, 424, 408 (2003)

(29)

Nanotubos de carbono: transporte de masa

B.C. Regan et al, Nature 428, 924 (2004)

Para ver esta pelcula, debe disponer de QuickTimeª y de

un descompresor GIF.

(30)

Nanotecnología: ¿una nueva forma de evolución?

(Humillación quizás sea más apropiado…)

(31)

GR AC IA S

http://dipc.ehu.es/arubio  E­mail: [email protected]

Referencias

Documento similar

rírse al interés que la Unión Soviética lia despertado en todos los sectores de la opinión británica desde que lucha con- tra Alemania, el autor contesta a la pri- mera

To corroborate this suggested relation between crystallinity and electrical conductivity we tested good quality crystals (as indicated by X ray diffraction) and annealed them

Moreover, it has been observed that the ultrathin B-C-N layers grown on titanium oxide layer act as transparent electrodes with high conductivity for the photogenerated charge

As macroscopic crystals are grown close to thermodynamic equilibrium one should expect a lower density of defects than in nanoscopic MMX structures where the growth is dominated

Plant species employed in the phytostabilization in semiarid areas must deal with several co-limiting edaphic factors: acid pHs, high electrical conductivity, high

As indicated, small companies have greater incentives to adjust their financial ratios than large corporations, the same applies to high and low tech companies, old vs young

In contrast, two populations were found for the mutant: a minor population, with distances ranging between 3.5-7 Å, and a major population, with highly oscillating distances,

In our sample, 2890 deals were issued by less reputable underwriters (i.e. a weighted syndication underwriting reputation share below the share of the 7 th largest underwriter