NUEVOS TRATAMIENTOS EN COINFECCION
VHC Y VIH
¿QUE APORTAN LOS
“
ANTIVIRALES
DIRECTOS DEL VHC
”
EN LA COINFECCION?
HEPATITIS C Y VIH
VII Jornadas de actualización en Enfermedades Infecciosas
Residentes de MI. HULP
Juan González-García
Unidad de VIH. Hospital La Paz. IdIPAZ
NUEVOS TRATAMIENTOS EN COINFECCION VHC Y VIH
•
Situación actual del tratamiento de la
hepatitis C en pacientes con y sin infección
por VIH
•
Antivirales directos frente al VHC
•
Evidencias y visión sobre la utilidad de los
antivirales directos del VHC en pacientes
HIV Entry into Hepatic Stellate Cells
Promotes Liver Fibrosis Progression
EXPOSICIÓN (Fase aguda) RESOLUCIÓN HEPATOCARCINOMA TRANSPLANTE MUERTE LENTA PROGRESIÓN
ESTABLE CIRROSIS
CRONICID AD
15% (15) 85% (85)
20% (17)
75% (13) 25% (4)
80% (68)
ALCOHOL/VIH/VHB/Otros
6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 1,1 ,9 ,7 ,5 ,3
A) Mortalidad hepática
P<0.018 TARGA TAR Pacientes no tratados Su p er vi ve n ci a ac u m u la d a
Background
!
KM curves showing the occurrence of liver-related events"
We have previously shown that the achievement of a sustained
virological response (SVR) after therapy with interferon plus ribavirin
(IFN-RBV) reduces liver-related complications and mortality in HIV/
HCV+ patients*
"
"
711 HIV/HCV+ patients with and without SVR !
* Berenguer, J. et al. Hepatology 2009;50:407-413"
Eventos y mortalidad en
pacientes tratados de VHC
"
Conclusiones e indicaciones
!
En pacientes coinfectados hay que
procurar el
tratamiento de ambas infecciones
siempre que
sea posible
"
"
El manejo concomitante de ambas infecciones
requiere
experiencia en cada una de ellas y
conocimientos en la interrelación de ambas
infecciones y en las interacciones entre las
estrategias
(fundamentalmente terapéuticas) que
utilicemos para su control.
"
"
Resultados de la terapia
para el VHC RVS global*
6
13
41
39
54
61
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
IFN
24 semanas
1998
1IFN
48 semanas
1998
1IFN
+ RBV
1998
1,2PEG-IFN
2000
3,4PEG-IFN
+ RBV
2002
5,61. McHutchison JG et al. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:1485-1492. 2. Poynard T et al. Lancet. 1998;352:1426-1432. 3. Zeuzem S et al. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:1666-1672. 4. Lindsay KL et al. Hepatology. 2001;34:395-403. 5. Manns MP et al. Lancet. 2001;358:958-965. 6. Hadziyannis SJ. EASL Annual Meeting. 2002.
R
VS
(%
)
25
*Análisis de intención de tratar.
PEGASYS
®
(peginterferón alfa-2a [40 KD]) más RBV:
RVS en pacientes con
genotipo no 1
del VHC
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
78
78
73
77
n = 106
n = 162
n = 111
n = 165
R
VS
(%
)
24 semanas
48 semanas
RBV 800 mg/día RBV 1.000/1.200 mg/día RBV 800 mg/día RBV 1.000/1.200 mg/día PEG-IFN α-2a (40 KD) 180 µg una vez a la semana
PEGASYS
®
(peginterferón alfa-2a [40 KD]) más RBV:
RVS en pacientes con
genotipo 1
del VHC
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
24 semanas
48 semanas
29
41
40
51
n = 101
n = 118
n = 250
n = 271
RBV
800 mg/día 1.000/1.200 mg/día RBV 800 mg/día RBV 1.000/1.200 mg/día RBV PEG-IFN α-2a (40 KD) 180 µg una vez a la semana
R
VS
(%
)
Retreatment of PegIFN/RBV for
Nonresponders and Relapsers
1. Jensen D, et al. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150:528-540. 2. Poynard T, et al. Gastroenterology. 2009;136:1618-1628..
8.0
PegIFN alfa-2a/RBV for 48 Wks in PegIFN alfa-2b/RBV Nonresponders SVR (% ) 0 20 40 60 80 100 6.3 PegIFN alfa-2b/RBV for 48 Wks in
PegIFN/RBV Nonresponders SVR (% ) 0 20 40 60 80 100 33% SVR (% ) 0 20 40 60 80 100
REPEAT
[1]EPIC3
[2]EPIC3
[2]PegIFN alfa-2b/RBV for 48 Wks in PegIFN/RBV Relapsers
Current efficacy with SOC: 30% in G1 (ITT)
Chung NEJM 2004; Torriani FJ. N Engl J Med 2004; Laguno M. Hepatology 2009; .Nuñez M. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2007; Pineda JA. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007.
0 20 40 60 80 100
29
23
Pe
rc
en
t
o
f
SVR
in
C
H
C
G
1
30 35
14
HCV HIV coinfected patients
SPRINT-2 Treatment-Naïve Patients
Study Design
TW 28
PR Placebo + PR
PR Boceprevir + PR
PR Boceprevir + PR
Placebo + PR
Peginterferon α-2b/Ribavirin 48 Weeks (PR Control)
TW 4 TW 48 FW 24
TW 0 TW 8 TW 24
Futility
PR=peginterferon α-2b + ribavirin; TW=treatment week; FW=follow-up week.
Early Responder (HCV-RNA TW 8-24 undetectable)
Late Responder
(HCV-RNA TW 8 detectable – TW 24 undetectable)
Boceprevir/PR 48 Weeks (BOC/PR48)
Boceprevir Response-Guided Therapy (RGT)
SPRINT-2 Treatment-Naïve Patients
SVR and Relapse All Cohorts
†
† Full Analysis Set.
‡ Relapse is computed on patients who were undetectable at end of treatment and were not missing data at
end of follow-up.
SVR=sustained virologic response; PR48=peginterferon α-2b + ribavirin 48 weeks; RGT=response-guided therapy; BOC/PR48=boceprevir/PR48 weeks.
p<0.0001 p<0.0001
22
38
9
63
9
66
0
20
40
60
80
100
SVR
Relapse
‡%
o
f Pa
tie
nt
s
PR48 (N=363)
RGT (N=368)
BOC/PR48 (N=366)
ADVANCE: Study Design
(T) TVR = telaprevir 750 mg q8h; Pbo = Placebo; (P) Peg-IFN = pegylated interferon alfa-2a (40 kD) 180 µg/wk. (R) RBV = ribavirin 1,000 or 1,200 mg/day.
Roche TaqMan® v2 LLOQ of 25 IU/mL.
eRVR = HCV RNA undetectable at week 4 and week 12
24
0 48 72
Weeks 8 12 36
Follow-up
PR48 (control)
SVR
Pbo + PR PR
T12PR TVR + PR
Follow-up SVR
eRVR- PR .
eRVR +
Follow-up SVR
PR
Follow-up SVR
TVR + PR
T8PR
eRVR- PR . Pbo
+ PR
Follow-up SVR
eRVR +
PR
72 weeks
Follow-up Follow-up
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled for TVR
Significantly Higher SVR rates in Telaprevir-Treated
Patients Compared to Peginterferon/Ribavirin Alone
SVR
75
69
44
P
<0.0001
P
<0.0001
271/363 250/364 158/361 n/N =
Pe
rce
nt
o
f p
at
ie
nt
s
w
ith
SVR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100T12PR
T8PR
PR
Jacobson IM et al. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(25):2405-16.
25–31%
increase
SVR for Early and Late Viral Responders
With Boceprevir and Telaprevir
20
85 88 90
30 36 40 0 20 40 60 80 100
PR48 BOC RGT BOC/PR48
Undetectable HCV RNA at Week 8
Detectable HCV RNA at Week 8
SVR
(%
)
51 60 184 208 184 204 46 129 52 131 81 271 89 83 97 54 50 39 0 20 40 60 80 100T12PR T8PR PR48
82
151 171 207 157 79 28 29 130 332
189 212
SPRINT-2
ADVANCE
TVR eRVR+
TVR eRVR-
Tratamiento guiado por respuesta:
§
Entre un 58% (ADVANCE) y un 65% (ILLUMINATE) alcanzarón
ARN-VHC indetectable en las semanas 4 y 12.
§
En los pacientes con un ARN-VHC indetectable en las semanas
4 y 12, no se apreció ningún beneficio adicional cuando el
tratamiento con peginterferón alfa-2a y ribavirina se prolongó a
48 semanas (diferencia en las tasas de RVS del 2%; intervalo de
confianza del 95%: -4%, 8%).
48 weeks
4 16
0 8 12
PEG-IFN + RBV TVR + Peg-IFN+RBV
P+R TVR+Peg-IFN +RBV PEG-IFN + RBV Pbo + Peg-IFN + RBV PEG-IFN + RBV
• PR • Placebo + PegIFN + RBV
• PR •+PEG-IFN +RBV Boceprevir • Early Responder (TW 8 HCV-RNA negative)
• PR • Boceprevir + PegIFN + RBV
• Placebo + PR
• TW 4 • TW 48 • FW 72
• Late Responder (TW 8 HCV-RNA positive)
• TW 0 • TW 12
•
Boceprevir Response-Guided Therapy
• TW 36 • FW 60
REALIZE. Telaprevir study for IFN experience Patients
1RESPOND-2. Boceprevir study for IFN experience Patients
2P+R
Realize Study: Telaprevir Results
Overall SVR Rate by ITT
17
66
64
0
20
40
60
80
100
23
Pbo/PR48
22/132
T12/PR48 171/266
SVR
(%
)
T12(DS)/PR48 175/264
*
*
*p<0.001 vs Pbo/PR48
n/N=
Respond-2: Boceprevir Results
SVR Rates by ITT
p <0.0001
21
59
66
0
20
40
60
80
100
95 162
p < 0.0001
17 80
107 161
%
o
f Pa
tie
nt
s
PR 48 BOC RGT BOC/PR48
24 88 83 15 54 59 5 33 29 0 20 40 60 80 100
REALIZE: SVR in Prior Partial Responders, Null
Responders and Relapsers
Pbo/ PR48 4/27 T12/ PR48 29/49
SVR
(%
)
Prior relapsers Prior partial responders T12 (DS)/ PR48 26/48 n/N= Pbo/ PR48 2/37 T12/ PR48 21/72 T12 (DS)/ PR48 25/75 *p<0.001 vs Pbo/PR48 Pbo/ PR48 16/68 T12/ PR48 121/145 T12 (DS)/ PR48 124/141 Prior null responders 25
29 69 75 7 40 52 0 20 40 60 80 100
RESPOND-2: SVR in Prior Non Responders and
Relapsers
Pbo/ PR48 2/29 PR4/ BOC PR44 30/58SVR
(%
)
Prior relapsers Prior Non responders PR4 BOC RGT 27/57 n/N= Pbo/ PR48 15/51 PR4/ BOC PR44 77/103 PR4/ BOC RGT 72/105 26
Terapia estándar antiVHC 2012
genotipo 1
BOC
or
TVR
RBV
PegIFN
Mayor
eficacia
Menor
duración
Mayor coste
Mayor efectos adversos
Mayor riesgo de interacciones
Boceprevir: Adverse Events and Discontinuations
1. Poordad F, et al. AASLD 2010.
•
Anemia and dysgeusia reported more frequently in BOC
arms vs control in SPRINT-2
[1-2]Outcome 4-Wk PR +
Response-Guided BOC/PR (n = 368)
4-Wk PR + 44-Wk BOC/PR
(n = 366)
48-Wk PR (n = 363)
Adverse event, %
§ Anemia[1] 49 49 29
• EPO use 41 46 21
§ Dysgeusia[2] 37 43 18
Discontinuations due to
adverse events, %[1]
12 16 16
§ Anemia[1] 2 2 1
AEs in ≥ 20% of Pa;ents
Vertex Main Presenta.on for the April 28, 2011 Mee.ng of the An.viral Drugs Advisory CommiAee. Disponible en: hAp://www.fda.gov/downloads/
MILD
MODERATE
SEVERE (>50%BSA)
Telaprevir Rash
Introduction to the Barrier to
Antiviral Resistance
Genetic Barrier
Pre-existing RAVs
Pharmacologic Barrier
Baseline Sequences
Adherence of Patient
Intrinsic Potency of Drug
Fitness of RAV
Cross-resistance
Active Drugs in Regimen
Drug-drug interactions
Viral Factors
Other Factors
Virologic Failure
Pre-existing RAVs
Pharmacologic Barrier
Adherence of Patient
Intrinsic Potency of Drug
Fitness of RAV
Active Drugs in Regimen
Drug-drug interactions
Other Factors
Boceprevir and Telaprevir Have
Overlapping Resistance Profiles In vitro
Cell-based HCV Protease Reporter Assay
SEAP=secreted alkaline phosphatase; EC50=50% effective concentration
F ol d Sh ift (EC 50 ) 2.1 1.5 3.6 2.7 3.2 4.4 2.6 8.8 3.5 16.7 19.9 3.8 2.4 5.0 7.8 4.9 7.1 5.1 6.8 4.8 13.6 2.9 12.4 4.2 4.4 19.3 0 5 10 15 20 25
V36A V36M F43S T54A T54S V55A R155K R155T A156S A156T A156V V170A V170T
Boceprevir Telaprevir
Boceprevir resistance-associated
variants:
≥
1 log
10decline:
BOC RGT: 4% (10/232)
BOC/PR48: 6% (13/231)
<1 log
10decline:
BOC RGT: 52% (49/95)
BOC/PR48: 40% (38/94)
En el paciente con VIH…
¿Qué conocemos de las interacciones con los
ARV?
800 600 400 200 0 2
0 4 6 8 10
Time (h)
BOC (400 mg TID)
BOC (400 mg TID) + RTV (100 mg QD)
BOC (400 mg BID) + RTV (100 mg BID)
Bo ce pre vi r (n g/ mL
) 1000 1200
12
Boceprevir: DDI in HIV HCV coinfected patients
PI Effect of RTV on BOC
AUC 8h
BOV+RTV 100QD 0.81 (0.73–0.91)
BOC+RTV 100 BID 0.82 (0.75–0.88)
Kasserra et al. CROI 2011
PK in 16 healthy subjects (RTV added after 6 days of BOC)
PI Effect of ARV on TVR
AUC 8h
ATV/r 0.80 (0.76–0.85)
DRV/r 0.65 (0.61–0.69)
fAPV/r 0.68 (0.63–0.72)
LPV/r 0.46 (0.41–0.52)
PI Effect of TVR on HIV PI
AUCtau
ATV/r 1.17 (0.97–1.43)
DRV/r 0.60 (0.57–0.63 )
fAPV/r 0.53 (0.49–0.58)
LPV/r 1.06 (0.96–1.17)
*Ratio of LSmeans and 90% CI
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
AUC 40%
n=16 n=11 Time (hours) D R V co n ce n tr ati o n (n g /m L ) 6000 4000 2000 0 PI alone PI + TVR
DRV/r
Telaprevir: DDI in HIV HCV coinfected patients
van Heeswijk R. CROI 2011. Abstract 119.
AUC 54% n=14 n=12 0 1000 2000 3000 T VR c o n ce n tr ati o n (n g /m L
) LPV
0 2 4 6 8
TVP
TVP +LPV/ r
ATV atazanavir; DRV darunavir;