Calles Compartidas para un Distrito Bajo en Carbono - Santiago
Calles Compartidas
Para un Distrito Bajo en Carbono - Santiago
Presentación de Resultados "
3 de noviembre 2016
Ciudad Emergente Laboratory of tactics and tools for human-centered cities
Ciudad Emergente Laboratory of tactics and tools for human-centered cities
Cambio de Hábitos
Duhigg, Charles (2012)!22
%
Of greenhouse gases emissions come from transportation
causing a direct impact on global warming
Ciudad Emergente Laboratory of tactics and tools for human-centered cities
Ciudad Emergente de Laboratorio Tácticas y Herramientas para el Urbanismo Ciudadano
pm
2.5
Ciudad Emergente Laboratory of tactics and tools for human-centered cities
In 2014 Santiago was clasiffied saturated
Ciudad Emergente Laboratory of tactics and tools for human-centered cities
Santiago
Urban Highways
Santiago
Transantiago
Public transportation
Ciudad Emergente – Tácticas y Herramientas de activación social
Ilustración Fabián Todorovic
7,7
%
Increase in Santiago car park between
2013-2014
Ciudad Emergente Laboratory of tactics and tools for human-centered cities
Chile and Russia
at the top of
OECD countries
with the highest
number of
casualties due to
traffic accidents
!
6
%
of Chileans use
bicycle to
commute
7
%
of Santiaguinos
use bicycle to
commute
2
nd
Latinamerican
Country in use of
bicycle
Ciudad Emergente – Tácticas y Herramientas de activación social
Grantee,
executer &
coordinator:
Finance:
UK experts:
Co-finance and permanent infrastructure construction:
Support on technical implementation:
Ciudad Emergente Laboratory of tactics and tools for human-centered cities
1.1 LAWEIPLEIN – DRACHTEN, THE NETHERLANDS
1.2 SHARED SPACES PROGRAM – AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND
1.3 STRÆDET – COPENHAGEN, DENMARK
1.4 NEW ROAD – BRIGHTON, UK
Experts agree on
good public transport
systems, walking and cycling habits and car
use reduction to revert this scenario
1.
EL EXPERIMENTO DE UNA
NUEVA CIUDAD
Ciudad Emergente Laboratory of tactics and tools for human-centered cities
Planificación
Ciudad Emergente Laboratory of tactics and tools for human-centered cities
SHARED STREETS
FOR A
LOW CARBON
DISTRICT
25
hectares
Ciudad Emergente – Tácticas y Herramientas de activación social
De calles centradas
en el automóvil
Ciudad Emergente – Tácticas y Herramientas de activación social
A calles centradas
en las personas
48,9
17,6
15,8
15,7
1,7
Transporte público
Auto particular
Bicicleta
A pie
Otro
1° Medición
¿EN EL ÚLTIMO AÑO USTED HA PARTICIPADO EN ALGUNA ACTIVIDAD CON SUS VECINOS ORIENTADA A
COLABORAR EN LA SOLUCIÓN DE UNA PROBLEMÁTICA MEDIO !
11,9
87,5
Sí
No
1° Medición
¿CUÁLES SON LOS DOS PRINCIPALES PROBLEMAS MEDIO AMBIENTALES QUE A USTED LE AFECTAN? !
¿EN PRIMER LUGAR? !
49,8
25,3
13,8
4,8
4,1
1,6
Contaminación del aire /
smog
Contaminación acústica /
ruido
Basura y suciedad en las
calles
Perros vagos
Malos olores
Otra
1° Medición
38,5
22,1
18,0
9,4
4,2
2,0
Contaminación acústica /
ruido
Contaminación del aire /
smog
Basura y suciedad en las
calles
Perros vagos
Malos olores
Otra
1° Medición
A SU JUICIO, ¿CUÁL ES LA ACTIVIDAD QUE MÁS CONTAMINA EN ESTE BARRIO?!
75,7
16,8
2,0
3,8
El transporte
Las industrias o empresas
La calefacción residencial
Otro
¿EN EL ÚLTIMO AÑO USTED HA PARTICIPADO EN ALGUNA ACTIVIDAD CON SUS VECINOS ORIENTADA A
COLABORAR EN LA SOLUCIÓN DE UNA PROBLEMÁTICA MEDIO !
RESPUESTAS ARBOLES DE IDEAS CALLES
COMPARTIDAS
¿QUE ESTÁS DISPUESTO A HACER
PARA DESCONTAMINAR SANTIAGO?!
RESPUESTAS ARBOLES DE IDEAS CALLES
COMPARTIDAS
¿QUE ESTÁS DISPUESTO A HACER
PARA DESCONTAMINAR
RESPUESTAS ARBOLES DE IDEAS CALLES COMPARTIDAS
RESPUESTA CIUDADANO A PIE. MUJER. 47 AÑOS. COMUNA EL BOSQUE
"
"
"
¿QUE ESTÁS DISPUESTO A HACER PARA DESCONTAMINAR SANTIAGO?!
“Usar transporte público o caminar,
me da susto andar en bici por que
hay pocas ciclovías ”
!
RESPUESTA CIUDADANO EN AUTOMÓVIL.32 AÑOS, COMUNA LAS CONDES
"
"
"
"
“Usar el auto solo los fines de semana. Usar
Transporte público toda la semana y no comprar
botellas plásticas ”
!
“Estoy dispuesta a no tener auto y
andar por siempre en bicicleta”
!
RESPUESTA CIUDADANA EN BICICLETA. MUJER. 25 AÑOS. COMUNA RECOLETA
"
"
"
"
RESPUESTAS ARBOLES DE IDEAS CALLES
COMPARTIDAS
¿CÓMO SERÍA TU CALLE
IDEAL?!
RESPUESTAS ARBOLES DE IDEAS CALLES
COMPARTIDAS
¿CÓMO SERÍA TU CALLE
IDEAL?!
Mediciones ambientales
Levantamiento de información ambiental con sensores
“Smart Citizen” que permiten medir niveles de CO2,
Mediciones recogidas durante 2 meses registraron
reducción en 5 veces de concentración de CO2 para un
Ciudad Emergente – Tácticas y Herramientas de activación social
Se registraron más de 1.000 ciclistas por Ciclovía
Experimental cada día durante el viernes 2 y sábado 3 de
septiembre.
£150.000
Investment for construction of permanent green
infrastructure equivalent to 1KM of Bikelanes connectors
-
Ciclovía José Miguel de la Barra
-
Ciclovía Lastarria
-
Conector Portugal / Lastarria
¿QUE PODEMOS SUGERIR CON CALLES
COMPARTIDAS ?
1.- EL EXPERIMENTO CONTRIBUYE A UN CAMBIO DE POSICIÓN EN LA CANCHA. !
"DE EXPECTADOR A PROTAGONISTA.!
!
2.- HAY UN CIUDADANO DISPUESTO A MOVERSE EN BICICLETA, A NO CONTAMINAR, PERO
TAMBIÉN HAY UNO DISPUESTO A CAMBIARSE AL AUTO.!
!
3.- URGE CONSTRUIR CICLOVÍAS SEGURAS Y RAPIDAS Y CONSOLIDAR UN TRANSPORTE
PÚBLICO RÁPIDO Y CÓMODO.!
!
4.- ADOPTAR MEDIDAS PRAGMATICAS PARA DISMINUIR EL USO DEL AUTOMOVIL !
"EJ.:
"
- Cargo por congestión!
"
"- Impuesto a los estacionamientos!
"
"- Zonas de baja emisión.!
"
"- Beneficio tributario a la compra de autos no contaminates.!
!
5.- HACER UN TRABAJO MEDIANO/LARGO PLAZO DE CONCIENTIZACIÓN EN COLEGIOS/
EDUCACIONAL.!
!
6.- ABORDAR BENEFICIOS SALUDABLES EN TORNO AL USO DE LA BICICLETA O CAMINAR.!
!
7.- UN MODELO DE CALLES COMPARTIDAS APUNTA AL TIPO DE CALLE QUE DESEAMOS.!
!
8.- MODELO DE CALLES COMPARTIDAS REQUIERE DE CAMBIOS Y DECISIONES DE CIUDAD
ROTUNDA EN DESINCENTIVAR EL USO DEL AUTO !
Ciudad Emergente – Tácticas y Herramientas de activación social
A3. TRANSFERENCIA DE CONOCIMIENTO UK-CHILE.
40
policy goal: mitigate and compensate – compensate for environmental impact – reduce environmental impact
– reduce driving and car ownership where possible potential alternatives – electric cars policy options – congestion charging – parking fees
– low emission zones
– tax benefits upon purchase of low emission vehicles
The policy priority for this group is first to compensate for the environmental impact of their travel, second to mitigate their impact and third, to reduce driving and car ownership where possible. As this type will strongly resist mode-switching, fiscal policy mechanisms (e.g. congestion charging, parking fees) should be
employed to leverage funds for
compensatory environmental improve-ments. In terms of mitigation, the main focus should be on encouraging the use of low emission vehicles, which may
partially be achieved through further fiscal incentives (i.e. tax benefits upon purchase of low emission vehicles). Extra charges or banning high emission vehicles in city centres may be necessary to mitigate the environmental impact of this group. A weaker intervention would be to provide guidance on eco-driving.
policy goal: mitigate
– reduce environmental impact – reduce driving and car ownership
where possible potential alternatives – electric cars
– car sharing – cycling (Berlin)
– public transport (London) policy options
– free testing of electric cars and car sharing schemes
– promote flexible car sharing schemes – tax benefits upon purchase of
electric cars
– congestion charging – Berlin: promote cycling
– London: promote public transport use, e.g. through special fares, free travel pass for trial period
Although this group show diverse attitudes towards modes other than the car, their strong rejection of technology inhibits access to alternative mobility services and multi-modal travel. Other demographic and behavioural
characteristics indicate this group have firm travel habits linked to long-standing car ownership with little openness to change. Therefore interventions should aim at reducing the environmental impact of these habits by improving access to electric cars, wherever feasible. Given the pragmatic orientation of this group, promotions that allow users to temporarily test alternative modes (electric cars, car sharing, public transport) for free may be most effective in highlighting aspects of feasibility and convenience, and encouraging increased use of low emis-sion travel. These interventions may be even more successful in combination with fiscal policy instruments to reduce high car ownership rates while leveraging greater openness towards other modes to sustainably alter mobility practices.
policy goal: affirm and encourage
– maintain and expand cycling and public transport use
– London: reduce car use and ownership further potential alternatives – walking – cycling – public transport policy options
– regular information on local travel and mobility options
– promote mobility services to improve travel experience, particularly online services
– target with specific offers to trial new services
– promote use of technology in travel This group already show a predisposi-tion towards more sustainable travel. The major policy objective should be to help these individuals maintain their level of cycling and public transport use, in
particular when life circumstances change; having children or relocation may induce a reorientation in travel behaviour. In this case, information about mobility services that support flexible travel need to be made available, for example, in welcome packs for new residents with specific information about safe and independent travel. It may also be worth introducing strategies to increase openness towards technology use and innovation.
5. Policy implications
Pragmatic
transit sceptics (2)
This page summarises policy priorities and options for
targeting each attitude group. In addition to group-specific
measures, the common trends suggest policy should
provide an overall framework for alternative mobility:
limiting of parking spaces, affordability and feasibility of
multi-modal travel are among the most effective
policies to support change towards sustainable travel.
Traditional
car-oriented (1)
Green
travel oriented (3)
41
Technology focused
individualists (5)
policy goal: switch
– reduce driving and car ownership – reduce environmental impact potential alternatives
– cycling – electric cars – car sharing policy options
– highlight autonomy and fun aspects of alternatives, including public transport modes
– target through technology channels, smartphone travel apps and electronic services
– encourage cycling through campaigns highlighting personal benefits (health, fitness, fun)
This group favour private modes of travel and use of digital technology framed by a desire for autonomy. The policy priority should be to reduce driving and car ownership. Interventions should aim at highlighting the flexibility, individuality and enjoyment alternative modes provide, communicating how easy it is to combine public transport with car sharing or cycling across the metropolitan region. This may be best achieved through programmes that allow this group to test alternatives and discover the pleasure of using travel apps and real time online services in a smart and creative way while also enjoying health and fitness benefits. Rapid access to information and the innovative use of new information technology as a channel for durable interventions are crucial to reach this group.
Innovative
access-oriented (6)
policy goal: inform and encourage – encourage further use of
alternative modes – further reduce car use potential alternatives – walking
– cycling
– public transport – electric car hire policy options
– promote mobility services to improve travel experience, particularly online services
– inform instantly about new options and services
Policy objectives should focus on encour-aging further uptake of alternative modes and reduction of car ownership and driving. Innovative access-oriented are inclined – due to their curiosity and confidence in travel – to try new modes and services. The most effective policy option may therefore be to keep this group informed about latest develop-ments in transport options and mobility services in their area and within the city. ICT is an effective channel for interven-tions given the high rate of smartphone ownership and use of mobile applications during travel. Electric car sharing may be a reasonable alternative to car ownership, when life circumstances change. Informa-tion tools facilitating the use of this service may be effective in consolidating the sustainable profile of this group.
Pragmatic
transit-oriented (4)
policy goal: affirm and encourage
– maintain and further encourage cycling and public transport use
– Berlin: reduce car use and ownership further potential alternatives – public transport – cycling, bike-and-ride – car sharing policy options
– sustain positive public transport experience – target with specific offers
to trial new services
– affordable public transport – encourage technology use
The major policy objective for this group should be to support maintenance and extension of current travel habits. Although general campaigns increasing environmental and moral consciousness may be useful in targeting this group, moral appeals may not be effective in preventing driving at a later life stage. The emphasis should therefore be on policy options that highlight aspects of feasibility and convenience of alternative modes, notably car sharing. Their general preference for living centrally, low car ownership rates and existing experience with collective modes provide favourable ground for these interventions.
