An examination of recent orchids collected for the Smithsonian Biological Diversity of the Guianas Program (US) revealed the following novelties and reports for Guyana.
Encyclia conchaechila(Barb. Rodr.) Porto & Brade, Rodriguesia 1: 28. 1935.
Basionym: Epidendrum conchaechilum Barb. Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orchid. I: 53. 1877.
TYPE: BRAZIL. Amazonas: "Le fleuve Solimões,
près de l'embouchure du Rio Negro", 1873, J. Barbosa Rodrigues s.n.(Lectotype, here designated, Barb. Rodr. t. 304, original at RB, copy K; see also Barbosa Rodrigues, 1996, I: 271).
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: GUYANA. U[pper]
Takutu-U[pper] Essequibo. South Rupununi Savanna; Ikirab Creek along Marudi Road, 2°25'N, 59°15'W, 120 m, 23 December 1993, T.W. Henkel & R. James 3570(US); U[pper] Takutu-U[pper] Essequibo, South Rupununi; Toot River, 40 km SE Aishalton village along Marudi Road, 2°15'N, 59°10'W, 250 m, 26 April 1994, T.W. Henkel & R. James 3777 (US). DISTRIBUTION ANDECOLOGY: Brazil (Amazonas),
Guyana, Venezuela (Amazonas), and possible Peru, in rain forest, and thickets on white-sands and granitic outcrops at 100--250 m (see Carnevali and Ramírez-Morillo, 2003a).
ETYMOLOGY: From the the Greek konche, meaning
shell, and the Greek cheilos, meaning lip, presumably in reference to the shape of the labellum.
This species was recently illustrated in the Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana (Carnevali Carnevali and Ramírez-Morillo, 2003a: 322, Fig. 303).
Epidendrum paruimenseG. A. Romero & Carnevali, sp. nov.
TYPE: GUYANA. Region Cuyuni-Mazaruni,
Paruima, 9 km W; 0.5-1.0 km E of Ararata scrub area, 05º49'N, 61º08'W, 780 m, dense forest on brown sand, with Aspidosperma, Eperua &Licania, epiphyte, flowers dull greenish lavander, rostellum creamy white, 6 July 1997, D. Clarke, T. Hollowell, K. David, C. Chin & C. Perry 5410(Holotype: US).
FIG. 1.
Plantae Epidendro ecostato et E. jamaicensi sim-ilis, sed in statura multo minores, foliis angustis labelloque ovato acuto valde distinctae.
Plantepiphytic, stems apparently prolific, up to 4.5 cm long, 3 mm in diameter, covered by persistent leaf sheaths, apically naked, the distal half of the stem foliaceous, 4-leaved, secondary stems borne on the lower or middle internodes of the previous growth. Rootsflexuous, glabrous, thick, 1-2.5 mm in diame-ter. Leavesdistichous, articulate, narrowly
oblanceo-NEW REPORTS OF ORCHIDACEAE FROM THE GUIANAS
G
USTAVOA. R
OMEROG
ONZÁLEZ1&
G
ERMÁNC
ARNEVALIF
ERNÁNDEZ-C
ONCHA21Orchid Herbarium of Oakes Ames, Harvard University Herbaria
22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachussets 02138, U.S.A.; [email protected]
2Herbarium CICY. Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A. C. (CICY);
Calle 43 N° 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yuc., México; [email protected] ABSTRACT. A new species of Epidendrum, E. paruimense, and three additional species of Orchidaceae are
reported for the flora of Guyana: Encyclia conchaechila, Epidendrum urichianum, and Masdevallia vargasii. A report of Baskervilla venezuelanafrom the Guianas was erroneusly based on a specimen unequivocally referable to Ponthieva ovatilabia.
RESUMEN. Se describe una nueva especie de Epidendrum, E. paruimense, y se reportan tres especies
adi-cionales de Orchidaceae para la flora de Guyana: Encyclia conchaechila, Epidendrum urichianum y Masdevallia vargasii. Un reporte de Baskervilla venezuelanade las Guayanas fue erróneamente basado en un ejemplar indudablemente referible a Ponthieva ovatilabia.
PALABRAS CLAVE/ KEY WORDS: Orchidaceae, Baskervilla, Encyclia, Epidendrum, Masdevallia, Ponthieva,
Fig. 1. Epidendrum paruimenseG.A. Romero & Carnevali. A. Habit. B. Side view of flower. C. Floral segments. D. Longitudinal section of the ovary and pedicel, showing the cuniculus. Drawn by Diego Bogarín; based on the holotype.
late to narrowly lanceolate, acute, subcoriaceous, with several (6-8) prominent nerves on each side of the mid-nerve, 3.7-5.5 cm long, 0.6-1.0 cm wide, show-ing evidence of glycoside crystals (à la Prosthechea Knowles & Westc.). Inflorescenceapical, racemose, 2-flowered, bracts apparently absent, peduncle terete, winged, appearing laterally compressed, 1.2 cm long, rachis 4 mm long, flowers 2 mm apart. Floral bracts basally cucullate, winged, narrowly triangular, apical-ly subulate. Ovary pedicellate, cuniculate, glabrous, subclavate, 1.6-1.8 cm long including the pedicel, the cuniculus 1.0 cm long, penetrating half of the ovary. Flowers"dull greenish lavander". Sepalsfree, sub-similar, lateral ones slightly oblique, narrowly-ellip-tic, acute, glabrous; dorsal sepal19-21 mm long, 4.5-5.0 mm wide; lateral sepals18-19 mm long, 4.0 mm wide. Petalslinear-oblanceolate, 18-19 mm long, 2.0 mm wide. Lipovate, acute, sub-trilobate, 1.0 cm wide and 1.2-1.3 cm long, basally subcordate, with two pronounced, keel-like calli at the base, apically not apiculate. Columnstraight, 7 mm long, apically dilat-ed, connate to the base of the lip, the rostellum fleshy, perpendicular to the column axis, the lateral lobes of stigma obsolete, clinandrium petaloid, margin entire. Anther cap 1.5 mm long, 0.9 mm wide, ellipsoid, apiculate, four-celled, outer surface microscopically papillose. Pollinia4, obovoid, laterally complanate, subequal, 0.7 mm long. Fruitnot seen.
DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY: Western Guyana and
most likely neighboring Venezuela's Bolívar state in dense forest at around 800 m, flowering in July. ETYMOLOGY: the specific epithet is derived from the
type locality, Paruima.
Epidendrum paruimense was treated as "Epidendrumsp. 1" in Romero and Carnevali (2003). It differs from E. ecostatumPabst, a species from southern Brazil, in the shorter stems and the shape of the labellum (ovate, acute in E. paruimenseversus transversally reniform, truncate in E. ecostatum), and from E. jamaicenseLindl., from the Greater Antilles, in vegetative and floral size (plants small and flowers proportionally larger, with narrower floral segments and a proportionally longer labellum in E. paruimensewhen compared to Stehlé, 1939: 148, t. 11, which we presume represents E. jamaicense; see
also Ackerman, 1995: 70, Fig. 36). Romero and Carnevali (2003) attributed an additional specimen to "Epidendrum sp. 1", presumably collected by Schomburgk (see Schomburgk, 1836: 284) and culti-vated by Loddiges and Sons, a fragment of which is preserved in the Lindley Herbarium (K), pasted on one sheet together with L. Linden 647(an isotype of E. praetervisumRchb.f.) and Gardner 631; the flower of the Loddiges's specimen is illustrated in the lower left corner of the sheet. This specimen from Loddiges is most likely referable to E. paruimense(it also has the glycoside crystals on the leaves), although the flowers are slightly smaller. Gardner 631differs from Epidendrum paruimense, E. ecostatum, and E. jamaicense, and undoubtedly represent an unde-scribed species in this complex.
Epidendrum ecostatum auct. non Pabst (Christenson, 1997) also was referred to "Epidendrum sp. 1" by Romero and Carnevali (2003). However, the sepals of this concept are described as "obovate, obtuse", and the petals and the labellum appear to be proportionally wider (Christenson, 1997), and it may represent yet another species in this complex.
Other species that share the same habit (an "erect sympodial growth form"; Hágsater, 1987) in the Guiana Highlands are Epidendrum chimatense Hágsater and Carnevali (having, compared to E. paruimense, smaller, acute leaves and a transversally elliptic labellum) and E. nuriense Carnevali & Hágsater (having broader petals and a smaller, trun-cate labellum).
Epidendrum urichianum Carnevali, I. Ramírez & Foldats, Orquídea (México City) 12: 151. 1992.
TYPE: VENEZUELA. Bolívar: Cerro Venamo,
bosque enano achaparrado sobre el hombrillo superi-or y la cumbre arriba de la ladera escarpada de arenis-ca, 1400 m, 2 January 1964, C. K. Dunsterville, E. Dunsterville & J. A. Steyermark 92574(Holotype: VEN; Isotypes: AMES, K).
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: GUYANA:
Maza-runi Region: Waukauyengtipu, E summit, 5°49'44"N, 61°11'44"W, 10 July 1997, 1570 m, D. Clarke, T. Hollowell, K. David, C. Chin & C. Perry 5567(US); Paruima, 15 km W eastern edge of Waukauyengtipu, 5°49'N, 61°11'W, 1570 m, 12 July 1997, D. Clarke, K. David, C. Chin & C. Perry 5595 (US); same
local-ity, 13 July 1997, D. Clarke, K. David, C. Chin & C. Perry 5678 (US).
ETYMOLOGY: Named after Gustavo Urich, of
Venezuela, for his many contributions to the develop-ment of orchidology in that country.
DISTRIBUTION ANDECOLOGY: Venezuela (Bolívar) and
Guyana in cloud and tepui dwarf forests at 1400-2000 m. In the Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana(Carnevali and Ramírez-Morillo, 2003b), this species was report-ed from "adjacent Guyana", but no specimen of this species from Guyana was cited. Epidendrum urichi-anumis closely related to the widespread E. ramosum Jacq.; in E. urichianum, found at higher elevations, however, "... the perianth segments, including the lip, are broader and obtuse, and the lateral sepals have broad, high, wing-like keels on the dorsal side" (Carnevali and Ramírez-Morillo, 2003b).
Masdevallia vargasii C. Schweinf., Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 19: 34, 1950.
TYPE: PERU. Cuzco: Provincia de Paucartambo,
Santa Isabel, Kosnipata, "epífita, perianto amarillo", 4-5 enero 1946, "leg. E.C." sub C. Vargas C. 5528 (Holotype: AMES 65614).
EPONYMY: Named after Julio César Vargas Calderón
(1907-2002), a Peruvian botanist and plant collector, who collected the type specimen.
Although the author of the species (Schweinfurth, 1950) cited "Herbarium Vargas" (currently at CUZ) as the ultimate destination of the holotype, the speci-men at AMES is clearly labeled "unicate", strongly suggesting it is the holotype.
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: GUYANA. Region
U[pper]. Takutu-U[pper] Essequibo: Wassarai Mountains, 0.2-0.5 km N of camp at base of mts, 01°35'N 59°14'W, 300 m, semi-disturbed forest at base of escarpment on brown sandy clay and boul-ders, with Euterpe, Jacaratia, Cecropia; epiphyte, ovary green, lower sepals dull yellow, upper sepals brick red, column green, petals white with strong red venation", D. Clarke, R. Williams and C. Perry 7994 (US).
DISTRIBUTION ANDECOLOGY: Colombia, Ecuador,
Bolivia, Peru, Brazil (fide Luer, 2000), and Guyana
(and most likely neighboring Venezuela's Bolívar state) at 200-2000 m.
According to Luer (2000), "This species is widely distributed, occurring locally in forests of relatively low altitude of the western slopes of the Andes from southern Colombia and Amazonian Brazil to Central Bolivia. It is somewhat variable in dimensions and color through this wide distribution".
Ponthieva ovatilabiaC. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 19: 211, tab. 31. 1961.
TYPE: VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Municipio Río
Negro, Cerro de la Neblina, Río Yatua, 700 m, "occa-sional in Clusia scrub forest just south of Camp 3, flow-ers greenish-white", 31 December 1957, B. Maguire, J. J. Wurdack, & C. Maguire 42559 (Holotype: AMES 69629; Isotypes: NY [two specimens]).
ETYMOLOGY: From the Latin ovatus, ovate, and
labi-um, lip, in reference to the shape of the labellum. ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED: GUYANA.
Cuyuni-Mazaruni: Pakaraima Mountains, Kurupung-Membaru trail, 2-3 km from Kumarau Falls, 06°05'N, 60°23'W, 650 m, 22 July 1992, B. Hoffman & G. Marco 2115(US).
DISTRIBUTION ANDECOLOGY: Venezuela Amazonas and
Bolívar). According to Carnevali et al.(2003), plants of this species are muscicolous or terrestrial, found in cloud forests between at 700-1300 m.
This species was recently illustrated in the Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana (Carnevali et al., 2003: 534, Fig. 477). Hoffman & Marco 2115, cited above, was apparently the base for a report of Baskervilla venezuelanaGaray & Dunsterv. appearing in the Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas:
http://www.mnh.si.edu/biodiversity/bdg/guilist2nd.pdf Hoffman & Marco 2115, however, is unequivocally referable to Ponthieva ovatilabia. Baskervilla venezuelana so far is known to occur only in the Perija Peninsula ("Sierra de Perijá"; Dunsterville and Garay, 1976: 52), and should therefore be excluded from the orchid flora of the Guianas.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. The authors are grateful to the staff
Guianas Program for providing access to their collections, to L. A. Garay for the Latin diagnosis of Epidendrum paruimense, and to C. A. Luer for drawing and identifying a flower of the specimen of Masdevallia vargasiifrom Guyana.
LITERATURECITED
Ackerman, J. D. 1995. An orchid flora of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 73: 1-203.
Barbosa Rodrigues, J. 1996. Iconographie des Orchidées du Bresil [edited by S. Sprunger in collaboration with P. Cribb and A. Toscano de Brito] 1 [the illustrations]. Friedrich Reinhardt Verlag, Basel.
Carnevali, G. & I.M. Ramírez-Morillo. 2003a. Encyclia. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana 7: 318-324.
Carnevali, G. & I. M. Ramírez-Morillo. 2003b.
Epidendrum. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana 7: 325-352.
Carnevali, G., I.M. Ramírez-Morillo & C. Vargas. 2003.
PonthievaR. Br. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana 7: 532-533.
Christenson, E. A. 1997. Orchidaceae. Pages 286-342 inS. A. Mori et al. (eds.), Vascular Plants of Central French Guiana Part 1. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 76, part 1: 1-422.
Dunsterville, G. C. K. and L. A. Garay. 1976. Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated VI. Andre Deutsch Limited, London.
Hágsater, E. 1987. Epidendra nova et critica 3: new species of the Epidendrum arbusculagroup of Mexico and Central America. Orquídea (Méx.) 10: 354--364. Luer, C.A. 2000. Masdevallia vargasii. Icones
Pleurothallidinarum XIX [Systematics of Masdevallia
I]. Mon. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77: 201. Romero-González, G. A. and G. Carnevali
Fernández-Concha. 2003. Tres en un uno, ¿o son más? Historia del
Epidendrum dichotoumLindl. nonPresl. Lankesteriana 7: 169-172.
Schomburgk, R. H. 1836. Report of an expedition into the interior of British Guayana, in 1835-1836. J. Roy. Geogr. Soc. 6: 224-284.
Stehlé, H. 1939. Flore Descriptive des Antilles Francaises. I. - Les Orchidales [Orchidacées et Burmanniacées]. Imprimerie Officielle de la Martinique, Fort-de-France.
