Parlamentos
Parlamentos
y control de
y control de
la
la
Corrupcion
Corrupcion
Sao Paulo
Sao Paulo
-
-
Brasil
Brasil
11
11
-
-
13 de
13 de
Junio
Junio
de 2003
de 2003
Luiz Pereira da Silva
Luiz Pereira da Silva
Development Economics Vice
Development Economics Vice--PresidencyPresidency The World Bank
The World Bank
Instrumentos
Instrumentos
de
de
Transparencia
Quales
Quales
son
son
los problemas
los problemas
?
?
Presupuesto planeado
Presupuesto planeado
y
y
votado por los
votado por los
Parlamentos puede
Parlamentos puede
ser
ser
diferente
diferente
del
del
ejecutado
ejecutado
Presupuesto ejecutado
Presupuesto ejecutado
al
al
nivel
nivel
del
del
Gobierno
Gobierno
central y de
central y de
sus Ministerios puede
sus Ministerios puede
ser
ser
diferente
diferente
de
de
los pagos
los pagos
a
a
unidades
unidades
decentralizadas
decentralizadas
Pagos pueden
Pagos pueden
ser
ser
diferentes
diferentes
de lo
de lo
que es
que es
recibido por
Quales
Quales
son
son
las consequencias
las consequencias
de la
de la
ineficiencia
ineficiencia
del
del
gasto
gasto
publico
publico
?
?
Efectos macroeconomicos
Efectos macroeconomicos
Æ
Æ
Corrupcion
Corrupcion
Æ
Æ
formacion
formacion
de
de
expectativas
expectativas
,
,
credibilidad
credibilidad
,
,
riesgo
riesgo
-
-
pais
pais
, etc.
, etc.
Æ
Æ
deuda publica
deuda publica
, etc.
, etc.
Efectos microeconomicos
Efectos microeconomicos
Æ
Æ
Indicadores
Indicadores
socio
socio
-
-
economicos
economicos
del
del
pais
pais
sin
sin
relacion
relacion
con
con
la
la
estrutura
estrutura
del
del
gasto
gasto
en
en
politicas sociales
politicas sociales
Æ
Æ
capital
capital
humano
humano
Æ
Æ
crescimiento
crescimiento
Æ
Æ
incentivos para los individuos
Evaluar los efectos
Evaluar los efectos
de la
de la
p
p
olitica
olitica
fiscal?
fiscal?
Qual es
Qual es
el
el
papel
papel
del
del
gasto publico afuera
gasto publico afuera
de
de
su
su
efecto macroeconomico sobre
efecto macroeconomico sobre
la
la
demanda
demanda
agregada
agregada
?
?
Efectos microeconomicos
Efectos microeconomicos
,
,
estructurales
estructurales
necessitan una evaluacion especifica
necessitan una evaluacion especifica
;
;
por
por
ejemplo
ejemplo
, a
, a
quien
quien
van
van
los beneficios
los beneficios
del
del
gasto
gasto
publico
publico
en
en
salud
salud
y
y
educacion
educacion
?
?
Evaluacion por tecnicos
Evaluacion por tecnicos
del
del
Ejecutivo pero
Ejecutivo pero
tambien puede haver pedidos
tambien puede haver pedidos
de
de
parte
parte
de
de
otros
otros
actores
Instrumentos
Instrumentos
simples de
simples de
evaluacion
evaluacion
de
de
los efectos
los efectos
de
de
las p
las p
oliticas sociales
oliticas sociales
“Toolkit” de
“Toolkit” de
instrumentos
instrumentos
de
de
evaluacion
evaluacion
http://www.
http://www.
worldbank
worldbank
.org/poverty/
.org/poverty/
psia
psia
/tools.
/tools.
htm
htm
Encuesta especiales
Encuesta especiales
de
de
monitoreo
monitoreo
del
del
gasto publico
gasto publico
(PETS e QSDS)
(PETS e QSDS)
Mapas
Mapas
de
de
monitoreo
monitoreo
del
del
gasto publico
gasto publico
y
y
de
Characteristics of PETS
Characteristics of PETS
Diagnostic or monitoring tool to understand
Diagnostic or monitoring tool to understand
problems in budget execution
problems in budget execution
delays / predictability
delays / predictability
leakage / shortfalls
leakage / shortfalls
discretion in allocation of resources
discretion in allocation of resources
Data collected from different levels of
Data collected from different levels of
government, including service delivery units
government, including service delivery units
Reliance on record reviews, but also
Reliance on record reviews, but also
interviews (with households, etc.)
interviews (with households, etc.)
Variation in design depending on perceived
Variation in design depending on perceived
problems, country, and sector
problems, country, and sector
Public Expenditure Tracking and
Public Expenditure Tracking and
Service Delivery Surveys
Service Delivery Surveys
First Public Expenditure First Public Expenditure
Tracking Survey (PETS) Tracking Survey (PETS)
carried out in Uganda in 1996 carried out in Uganda in 1996
Since then, a large number of Since then, a large number of
PETS and related surveys PETS and related surveys have been implemented have been implemented
Scope and nature of surveys Scope and nature of surveys
have differed, but common have differed, but common theme is link between public theme is link between public spending and development spending and development outcomes Ongoing Ongoing Ethiopia Ethiopia Nigeria Nigeria Brazil Brazil Laos Laos Completed Completed Uganda (3) Uganda (3) Tanzania (2) Tanzania (2) Ghana Ghana Rwanda Rwanda Mozambique Mozambique Zambia Zambia PNG PNG Honduras Honduras Peru Peru Bangladesh Bangladesh and more… and more… Surveys to date Surveys to date outcomes
What have we learnt?
What have we learnt?
Leakage
Leakage
Education sector in Uganda 1996Education sector in Uganda 1996
Data from 250 schools and administrative Data from 250 schools and administrative
units units
Only 13 percent of intended capitation Only 13 percent of intended capitation
grant actually reached schools (1991
grant actually reached schools (1991--95).95).
Mass information campaign by Ministry of Mass information campaign by Ministry of
Finance (the press, posters) Finance (the press, posters)
FollowFollow--up surveys (PETS, provider up surveys (PETS, provider
surveys, integrity surveys, etc.) surveys, integrity surveys, etc.)
High leakage has also been found in High leakage has also been found in
other countries (Tanzania, Ghana,
other countries (Tanzania, Ghana,
Zambia, Peru)
Leakage of non-wage capitation grant to schools
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 1991-1995 2001 Zambia, Peru)
What have we learnt?
What have we learnt?
Ghost workers and absenteeism
Ghost workers and absenteeism
Salary payments
Salary payments
“
“
leak
leak
”
”
differently
differently
Different measurement
Different measurement
approaches:
approaches:
PETS with data collection on PETS with data collection on
payroll and staffing data payroll and staffing data
(Honduras 2000, Peru 2002, (Honduras 2000, Peru 2002, Zambia 2002, Mozambique Zambia 2002, Mozambique 2002, etc.) 2002, etc.)
Unannounced visits to schools Unannounced visits to schools
and health facilities and health facilities
(Bangladesh 2002, India 2002, (Bangladesh 2002, India 2002, Uganda 2002) Uganda 35.0% 26.0% 13.0% 26.0% Peru 23.0% 43.0% India 14.0% 27.0% Honduras
-35.0% Bangladesh Absenteeism 8.3% 5.0% Honduras Ghost workers Educ. Health Uganda 2002)Poverty Maps & Public Exp.
Poverty Maps & Public Exp.
468 - 1707.2 1707.2 - 2216.1 2216.1 - 2639.2 2639.2 - 4040.8 4040.8 - 13777.3
Madagascar: Per capita health spending per
district
Madagascar: Incidence of Poverty per district
0.191 - 0.566 0.566 - 0.696 0.696 - 0.766 0.766 - 0.833 0.833 - 0.946
Papel
Papel
para
para
los
los
Parlamentos
Parlamentos
?
?
Conozcer
Conozcer
la
la
existencia
existencia
de
de
tecnicas
tecnicas
de
de
evaluacion
evaluacion
del
del
presupuesto
presupuesto
Pedir su utilizacion sistematica
Pedir su utilizacion sistematica
y
y
transparente
transparente
,
,
utilizando
utilizando
el
el
Ejecutivo
Ejecutivo
y
y
tambien agencias independientes
tambien agencias independientes
Publicar los resultados
Publicar los resultados
de
de
evaluaciones
evaluaciones
del
del
presupuesto
presupuesto
Corrigir
Corrigir
les
les
procedimientos
procedimientos
del
del
presupuesto
presupuesto
basado
basado
en
en
los resultados
los resultados
de
de
las
las
evaluaciones
Finding out more
Finding out more
…
…
Survey reports, instruments, and documentation on: Survey reports, instruments, and documentation on:
www.
www.publicspendingpublicspending.org.org
http://www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/pe/trackingsurve
http://www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/pe/trackingsurve
ys.htm
ys.htm
Some references:Some references:
Dehn, Reinikka, and Svensson. 2003. Dehn, Reinikka, and Svensson. 2003. ““Survey Tools Survey Tools
for Assessing Performance in Service Delivery.
for Assessing Performance in Service Delivery.”” In In Bourguignon and Pereira da Silva, eds.
Bourguignon and Pereira da Silva, eds. Evaluating Evaluating the Poverty and Distributional Impact of Economic the Poverty and Distributional Impact of Economic Policies.
Policies. Oxford University Press and the World Bank. Oxford University Press and the World Bank. Forthcoming
Forthcoming
