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AYUDAS

PARA

LA

ESCRITURA

EN

ESPAÑOL

Centro de escritura en español • University of Minnesota Dpt. of Spanish and Portuguese Studies Compilada yadaptada del libro Composición: Procesoysíntesis

) ,

CENTRO DE ESCRITURA. EN ESPAf'¡OL· Al'UDAS PARA LA ESCRITURA. •página 1de

Vocabulario relacionado con la realidad espacial: Lugares a un lado de, aliado de

a la derecha de, a mano derecha de a la izquierda de, a mano izquierda de al entrar/ al salir

next to to the right of to the left of going in, going out

dara

al fondo, hacia atrás / hacia enfrente, de frente in the back, towards the back, towards the front, in front

en medio de, entre, • encima de / debajo de

enfrente de / atrás de, detrás de

estar: situado(a), ubicado(a), rodeado(a) de quedar (X queda

a

mano izquierda)

tener vista a

leads to

in the middle of, between on top of, on the bottom of in front of, behind

to be situated, located, surrounded by to be located

to have a view of

Vocabulario relacionado con la cronología o para marcar el orden a partir de

al+infinitive al cabo de

al (día, mes, año) siguiente al final

~ al mismo tiempo al principio antes de (que) cuando

después de que / luego de (que) durante en aquel entonces entonces luego mientras mientras tanto por fin, finalmente

tan pronto como, en cuanto ya

ante todo

en primer/segundoltercer lugar

beginning with

upon +verb in gerund (Al entrar

=

upon entering) at the end of

the following day, month, year ... in the end

at the same time in the beginning before when after which during at that time then then, since while meanwhile finally as soon as since first of all •

(2)

/

'

por último por fin, finalmente al mismo tiempo así pues pues/ ya que a continuación

en consecuencia, por consiguiente al mismo tiempo

luego/ entonces mientras tanto por ahora

para empezar (terminar)

Vocabulario para reportar el diálogo Contestar:

Decir: Decir:

Pedir: Preguntar:

CENTRO DE ESCRITURA. EN ESPA.fVOL •AYUDAS PARA.LA. ESCRITURA. •p;

lastly finally

at the same time and so, so then since

following consequently at the same time

then ("next" in a series of events) meanwhile, during this time for now

to begin, to end

replicar (to reply), responder (to respond)

admitir (to admit), anunciar (to announce), contar (to tell),

exclamar (to exclaim), gritar (to shout), gruñir (to grunt), lamentar (to lament, feel sorry about) murmurar (to rnurmur), ofrecer ( to offer), prometer (to promise), recomendar (to recommend) relatar (to relate a story);sugerir (to suggest)

implorar (to implore), rogar (to beg), suplicar (to beg, implore) demandar (to demand), interrogar (to question, interrogate)

Vocabulario

oara

_definir Aclarar (to clarífy)

Ejemplificar (to exemplify) Especificar (to specify) El (Ia)_

consiste en (The _ consists of)

es de (color, forma, tamaño, apariencia) (The _ is of X color, form, size, appearance) es originario (originaria) de (The _ is of X origin)

se caracteriza por (is characterized by)

se conoce popularmente como _ (is commonly known as) se emplea en __ (is used in)

se parece a __ (is similar to)

significa, quiere decir __ ( means, signifies) sirve para __ (sirves forjas)

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CENTRO DE ESCRITURA EN ESPA/YOL· AYUDAS PARA LA ESCRITURA· página 3de

Vocabulario para el análisis y la clasficación

.

,

Criterios de análisis

Componerse de (to be made of);

Consistir en (una idea o concepto) (to consist of) Constar de (enumeración de varias partes o concepto) Comprender (to comprehend)

descomponerse en (to break down, separate) dividirse en, separarse en (to divide/separate)

formarse de (to be made up of, forrned of)

Algunos elementos en que se divide una entidad El aspecto (the appearance)

El elemento (the elernent) El estrato (stratum) La función (the function)

el nivel (the level) la parte (the part)

el segmento (the segment)

Criterios de clasificación Agruparse en (to be grouped in) Asignarse a diferentes clases

clasificarse (por, según, atendiendo a) (to classify ...) (to assign to different classes)

Grupos o clases

Las categorías (the categories) Las clases (the classes) Las especies (the species)

Los géneros (the types, kinds, genres)

los grupos (the groups) los órdenes (the orders) los tipos (the types)

Vocabulario para hacer comparaciones o contrastes

,!o< .Ag¡f§rEID,Qi<:uj@*Ji~Iu;ontrastecon (in contrast to) lo mismo que (the same as) Al contrario, por el contrario (on the contrary) más/menos que (more/less than) Al igual que (the same as) no obstante, sin embargo (nevertheless) Tan ... como .,. (as...as with adjectives/adverbs) tanto/a/os/as ... como .... (as ... as with nouns) Diferenciarse de (to be different from) tener algo en común(to have somethingin common) En cambio (on the other hand) En contraste con (in contrast to)

Asemejarse a, parecerse a (to be similar to)

Compartir las mismas características (to share the same characteristics) Ser diferente de, ser distinto a (to be different from)

De la misma manera, del mismo modo (in the same way)

Vocabulario para las relaciones de causa y efecto A causa de (que), (because of)

Porque, puesto que, (because, seeing that)

Causar (to cause), desencadenar (to unleash, trigger), El resultado (the result)

Resultar de,(to result from)

debido a que (due to) ya que (since)

producir (to produce), provocar (to provoke) resultar en ( to result in)

(4)

,

CENTRO DE ESCRITURA. EN ESpARoL· AYUDAS PARA. LA ESCRITURA. •página 5 de

AYUDAS

PARA

LA

ESCRITURA

EN

ESPAÑOL

Centro de escritura en español • University of Minnesota Opt. of Spanish and Portuguese Studies

Vocabulario para las introducciones

Conviene (it is advisable, it's a good idea) + aclarar (to clarify), investigar (to investigate), hacer notar (take note)

Es forzoso (Ifs necessary) + conocer (to know), poner de relieve (to highlight), destacar (to point out), reconocer (to recognize)

Es conveniente, es necesario, Es preciso, es una buena idea

+ examinar (to examine), precisar (specify), implicar, repasar (to review)

Importa (it's important) + No vendría mal (it wouldn't be a bad idea)

entender (to understand), responder a (to respond to),

ver de cerca (see up clase)

Con respecto a, en cuanto a, se trata de Tiene que ver con, por lo que se refiere a En conexión con, en lo tocante a

With regards to, it deals with ... It has to do with, in what it refers to in relation to

Hay que tener presente, hay que tener en cuenta (one must keep in mind)

Amanera de ilustración se analizarán ( dos, cinco, X) aspectos (As an example (2, 5, X) aspects will be analyzed

Vocabulario para las conclusiones Al fin y al cabo, en el fondo,

En realidad, en resumen, en resumidas cuentas ./Como consecuencia, en consecuencia

Comoquiera que se examine el hecho En todo caso

De lo anterior ... se deduce/desprende que,

Hay que tener en cuenta, Hay que tener presente que

Después de todo, Por lo tanto

En conclusión, Resumiendo brevemente, En definitiva

Al final del libro (capítulo,etc) En fin, finalmente En conclusión En resumen Al fin y al cabo Después de todo En suma in the end

in actuality, in summary, in brief, as a consequence

any

way

you look at it in any case

from the aforementioned ... one can deduce one must keep in mind

therefore

in conclusion briefly summarizing all things considered

end of a bookl chapter, etc. finally in conclusion in summary in the end after all in short

Vocabulario para hacer transiciones o comparaciones

A favor de in favor of En cuanto a I tocante al con respecto de Mientras while Al respecto

Con todo A pesar de Sobre todo

still, however in spite of

above all, most of all

Aun así Ahora bien Por ejemplo wiih regard to in the matter of even so nowthen for example

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CENTRO DE ESCRITURA EN ESPAf'fOL' AYUDAS PARA LA.ESCRITURA' página 5de

AYUDAS

PARA

LA

ESCRITURA

EN

ESPAÑOL

Centro de escritura en español • University of Minnesota Dpt. of Spanish and Portuguese Studies

Vocabulario para las introducciones

Conviene (it is advisable, it's a good idea) + aclarar (to clarify), investigar (to investigate), h96ér notar (take note) Es forzoso (It's necessary) + conocer (to know), poner de relieve (to highlight), destacar (to point out),

reconocer (to recognize) Es conveniente, es necesario,

Es preciso, es una buena idea

+ examinar (to examine), precisar (specify), implicar, repasar (to review)

Importa (it's important) + No vendría mal (it wouldn't be a bad idea)

entender (to understand), responder a (to respond to),

ver de cerca (see up close)

Con respecto a,en cuanto a, se trata de Tiene que ver con, por lo que se refiere a En conexión con, en lo tocante a

With regards to, it deals with... It has to do with, in what it refers to in relation to

Hay que tener presente, hay que tener en cuenta (one must keep in mind)

Amanera de ilustración se analizarán ( dos, cinco, X) aspectos (As an example (2, 5, X) aspects will be analyzed

Vocabulario para las conclusiones Al fin y al cabo, en el fondo,

En realidad,en resumen, en resumidas cuentas

o/Como consecuencia, en consecuencia Comoquiera que se examine el hecho En todo caso

De lo anterior...se deduce/desprende que,

Hay que tener en cuenta, Hay que tener presente que Después de todo, Por lo tanto

En conclusión, Resumiendo brevemente, En definitiva

Al final del libro (capítulo,etc) En fin, finalmente En conclusión En resumen Al fin y al cabo Después de todo En suma in the end

in actuality, in summary, in brief, as a consequence

any way you look at it in any case

from the aforementioned ...one can deduce one must keep in mind

therefore

in conclusion briefly summarizing all things considered

end of a book/ chapter, ete. finally in conclusion in summary in the end after all in short Vocabulario para hacer transiciones o comparaciones

A favor de in favor of En cuanto a I tocante al con respecto de

Mientras while Al respecto

Con todo still, however Aun así A pesar de in spite of Ahora bien Sobre todo above all, most of all Por ejemplo

wiih regard to in the matter of even so nowthen forexample

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