Aislación y Adhesivos: Nuevas tecnologías para la construcción, Jan Verbruggen

Corporación de Desarrollo Tecnológico

Corporación de Desarrollo

Tecnológico

17 agosto 2011

Cuarto Desayuno Tecnológico

Jan Vebruggen

www.cdt.cl

Aislación y adhesivos:

Nuevas tecnologías para la construcción

By Ing. Jan Verbruggen

Technical Introduction SWS

Chilean Construction Chamber

SWS - principles

Soudal Window System

A certificate for a house with

energy Grade A+

A certificate for a house with

energy Grade E

Energy Efficiency and

Passive House

Passive House

What is a Passive House?

This is a house or construction that is ‘protected’ by an

‘insulation shield’, this way that the house or construction does not need any active heating or air conditioning to keep the

same thermic comfort.

In other words…

The insulation shield of the house or construction is so efficient that you do not need any extra active climatization

What does this mean …

 Is using all sun energy, so it is the best to build it in north direction

 It must be completely closed, no uncontroled cold air may penetrate to the inside

 A ventillation system must be present, that makes use of a heat exchanging system that heats up the fresh air from outside with the heat of the outgoing air from inside.

A Passive House…

 Walls and ceilings must be builded airtight and fully

 Windows are made with a 3 layer glass system and they have a airtight and insulated frame

Passive House

In a Passive House, the extra costs for investment will be refunded by the energy savings as result from it.

Need for energy:

A passive house may not consume more as 15 kWh/m2 _{a year for}

heating purposes

This is equivalent to...

About 1,5 liter of gasoline or 1,5 m³ of gas for each m² a year

The gasoline consumption of a Passive House is about the same as two tanks filled of an avarage car ...

Very important is the air tightness of

the joints ...

All joints are critical junctions. They

need to be airtight. Also the joints

between the window frame and the

wall are important. These are often

How to check the airtightness ?

The AIR TIGHTNESS

Can be checked with the help of a

Energy classes

 Grade C 7 liter gasoil per m2 per year  Grade B 5 liter gasoil per m2 per year  Grade A 3 liter gasoil per m2 per year

 Grade A-Gold 1,5 liter gasoil per m2 per year

Construction : air tightness

In a PASSIVA HOUSE with a Grade A GOLD, the need of primary energy must be less then 15 kWh/m2 _{per year.}

Air tightness has to be equal or less then 0,60 volumes/ hour ad a pressure difference of 50 Pa .

In a Passive Building the combination of air tightness and thermic insulation must be very high. The connections

between walls, ceiling, windows, doors as well as the forced ventillation must be perfect.

Air Tightness

The construction technology of a Passive House includes a

ventilation system that recovers at least 75% of the heat. This helps to prevent losses due to open windows in summer and winter.

To do so you need to :

- eliminate all cold bridges

- study the air tightness of the joints between the different materials

A B C D

Good insulated house, correct ventilation

system with heat recovering

Well insulated walls ... They save on energy and they increase the living comfort.

Good insulated windows ... They reduce the heat losses of the building

Condensation

Glass with iced water at 10°C

Ambiant air

Why and how it happens ..

Condensation problems?

• 20°C Temperature

T1

T2

T3

F = absolute humidity = weight H₂O / V dry air (g/m³)

Fmax = saturated humidity level = max. weight H2O / V dry air (g/m³)

8,65g/m³

R.H..50% 8,65 g/m³ _{R.H.70% R.H.100%} 8,65 g/m³

17,3 g/m³

12,3 g/m³

8,65 g/m³

20°C 15°C 9°C

Relative Humidity = F / Fmax

At 9°C the air can contain maximum 8,65 g/m³ of water.

When temperature decrease, the capacity to contain water in the air decreases too.

The surplus of water in the air will condensate on cold surfaces

12°C

9°C

U.R. 60% U.R. 50%

U.R. 75%

16°C

When the relative humidity in a room increases, also the condensation

temperatures does increase.

Condensation on cold materials can happen between 9°C up to

20°C

The formation of condens is

variable...

The changes of temperature, inside/outside, and the changes in relative humidity, can create condensation. With 75% of relative humidity, some substrates can show condensation already at 16°C.

The formation of condens on substrates can be caused by:

 Cold bridges

 High relative humidity in the room

How to check :

Cold Bridges

Infrared analysis

With an infrared camara you can detect cold bridges.

These can be between window and wall, the connection between window and wall, cold concrete parts...

Cold bridge

Wall-window frame Cold bridge

Low temperature around the window

Inside Outside The heat escapes towards outside

Cold Bridges

Cold Bridges

The absence of insulation between the window frame and the wall, creates cold bridges which can provoke condensation.

CONDENSATION & MOULD CREATION

WINDOW WITH MOULD FORMATION

CONDENSATION & MOULD CREATION

Critical spot

Influence of exterior

insulation _Risk

CONDENSATION & MOULD CREATION

Cold bridges = mould formation!

–

Cold surfaces inside

around windows will

create condensation

–

Condensation

: mould will

come within 5 days ...

1) Avoid air openings in joints which means

heat losses =

air tight joints! Blower

door test.

+

Avoid condensation near joints to keep

the properties of insulation =

vapor

tight joints

2)

Insulation

of the joint between wall and

window = avoid cold bridges and

condensation

3) Outside,

rain tight joints

Soudal Window System

= Soudal Window System

System how to install a window

Combination of new products and existing products to create the perfect insulated joint between window and wall.

Application area:

New installations as well as renovation

All types of windows

From ‘standard’ houses up to Passive Houses

International: Belgium, Germany, Italy Poland, USA ( LEED ) ...

The theory of SWS

µ = 80000 µ = 70

Inside

Outside

permeable seala

nt

 Use low permeable sealants inside to keep the vapour inside

(µ = resistance against vapor diffusion) Red area

 Insulation in the joint (ψ) Yellow area

 Use high permeable sealants at the outside Blue area

window joint window joint window joint

Joint between winwow and wall

Insulation foam

Example 1

2. Air & vapor tightness 3. Resistance to rain

Condensation line

Soudal Window

System

Example 2

Outside

Inside

Mould

1. Isulation

2. Vapor & air tightness 3. Resistance to rain

The insulation is getting wet and looses

efficiency

Soudal Window System

Isulation with foam

Example 3

2. Vapor & air tightness 3. Resistance to rain

Condensation line

Soudal Window System

Vapor open materials

The solutions

Inside

Possible connection between window

Soudaseal 215 LM

Special MS Polymer® based sealant - paintable

Caracteristics :

• No isocyanates, no solvents !

• High UV resistance

• Does not stain on porous materials like natural stone or granite

• Very good adhesion, even on light humid substrates

• Good extrudability at all temperatures

• Vapor permeable but rain tight

Applications

• Expansion and connection joints in construction

• .

UV-radiation (after 10 years)

Soudaseal 215 LM

Acryrub F4

Acrylic – elastic sealant - paintable

Caracteristics

• Easy to apply, paintable

• High elasticity for an acrylic

• Very good adhesion on aluminium and porous substrates.

• Can be used inside and outside

• Low permeable for air and vapor

Applications

• Joints with limited movement (maximum 12,5%)

• Fill gaps and cracks in cement or in plaster walls.

• Joints around doors and windows

Flexifoam

‘PU-foam of the next generation’

Elastic

Acoustic

B2

Gun or Click&Fix

Low-expansion

All Seasons (-10°C) TÜV approved

Flexifoam: label

Flexifoam : elasticity

Elasticity

: ift Rosenheim: report 10535276

 9000 cycles at 12,5% joint movement

3000 cycles extension/compression 

3000 cycles longitudinal shear

3000 cycles transverse shear  Joint dimension: 20mm

 Frequency: 1,0 min-1



No visible damage after 9000 movements of 2,5 mm

Flexifoam : heat insulation

Heat insulation

: MPA Bau Hannover (DIN

52612-1)

  = 0.0345 W/(m.K)



Very low heat transfer rate



Slightly better than traditional foam: excellent

heat-insulation



Copes with extreme mechanical movement without

cracking: durable heat-insulation

Flexifoam : acoustic

Acoustic insulation

: ift Rosenheim (EN ISO 717-1)

 R_ST,w= 60 ( -1;-4) dB joint of 10 mm  R_ST,w= 60 ( -1;-4) dB joint of 20 mm



Exceptional acoustic insulation thanks to open-celled

foam-structure (R = noise reduction value)



Durable acoustic insulation thanks to elasticity! Even tiny cracks

could give great loss in sound insulation



Stricter European regulations; new acoustic standards in eg Italy

and Belgium (NBN S 01-400-1)

Flexifoam : acoustic

Acoustic insulation: ift Rosenheim



R

= 60 ( -1;-4) dB joint of 10 mm



R

= 60 ( -1;-4) dB joint of 20 mm

Opening of 4cm² 1.5 m 1.5 m 1.5 m

1. Window installed with SWS

Window joint = 2cm

1.5 m

2cm

2. Badly installed window

Tests at ITB

39dB

31dB

Loss in noise reduction of 5 to 8 dB

Noise reduction R

:

Conclusion:



Even the smallest gaps in the joint causes

serious loss in noise reduction !!!

PU-foam Mineral wool

Has perfect adhesion to all building materials

No adhesion

Perfectly fills the joint thanks to it’s controlled expansion

No expansion, will leave gaps and holes

Very easy to apply _{Very time consuming to fill the}

joint Flexifoam follows all joint

movement without cracking

Will not take up extra space in the joint

Flexifoam : airtight

Air penetration

: ift Rosenheim DIN 18542, Part 7.2

 A < 0,1 m³ / (h.m ( daPa )2/3 )



Value: less than 0,1 m³, so hardly measurable



Airtightness is already guaranteed only using Flexifoam (see

Flexifoam : vapour open

Vapour diffusion

: ift Rosenheim (DIN EN ISO 12572)

 µ = 20



Vapour open compared to products used on the inside, so...



... ideal to

evacuate moisture to the outside of the joint and…



… meet SWS and EPB requirements!

Flexifoam : example

• Large expansion coefficient for framework: Aluminium: 2,35mm per running meter (at t=100°C), hard PVC: 8,0 mm!

• PVC window frame of eg. 2x2m warmed by the sun to 70°C, gives possible movement of 11,2mm = possible joint movement > 5mm. For a gap of only 2cm = 25%

Flexifoam: elasticity

4 cm 3 cm

Conclusion : Flexifoam



Sustained thermal insulation



Sustained acoustic insulation



Airtight – vapour open

Flexifoam : durable

insulation

SWS: Basic guideline

1. Isulate

to avoid cold walls or cold joints inside

2. How to realize the joint : use low permeable

sealant inside, use vapor open materials outside

3. No open gaps in the joint to have the best

acoustic insulation as well as thetrmic insulation.

4. Use outside materials that are water resistant

Simulations on PC with SWS:

Belgium: University of Gent (ψ_lim ≤ 0,1)

Italy: ψ-value (calculation with software

and finished systems)

Test reports of used products. Tests at IFT institute Germany Tests in Poland ITB ( acoustics )

Always ...

Take care of details in applications!!!



Blower Door

–

Thermografic analysis

Questions ?

Thank you very much

for your attention.