TEMA 2 LOS MATERIALES 1ESO 15 16 ENG trad no revisada
28
0
0
Texto completo
(2) Raw materials and supplies Look at this diagram of the production process of man:. Raw material. Primary factory or processing. Material. Secondary or manufacturing plant. product. The materials come from the raw materials. Def: The raw materials substances are extracted directly of the nature. They are processed so that we can use in factories and material. Def: So the materials They are ready and available material directly to make products..
(3) Rawmaterials and supplies •. ACTIVITY 1.1: Search in this drawing raw materials from which we can obtain materials.. Oil rig. MINA mineral. CROPS RIVER MAR Oil well.
(4) Raw materials and supplies • ACTIVITY 1.2Complete the following schemes, drawing what is missing:. Raw material: Metal Mineral. Primary factory or processing. Primary factory Raw or processing material: _________. Material: metal. Secondary or manufacturing plant. Product: Keys. Material: _________. Secondary or manufacturing plant. Product: bottle.
(5) Raw materials and supplies • ACTIVITY 1.3Complete the following schemes, drawing what is missing:. Raw Primary factory material: or processing _________. Material: _________. Secondary or manufacturing plant. Product: Kitchen bench. Primary factory Raw or processing material: _________. Material: _________. Secondary or manufacturing plant. Product: glass cup.
(6) Raw materials and supplies • ACTIVITY 1.4Complete the following schemes, drawing what is missing:. Raw Primary factory material: or processing _________. Primary factory Raw or processing material: _________. Material: _________. Material: _________. Secondary or manufacturing plant. Product: cotton shirt. Secondary or manufacturing plant. Product: polyester shirt.
(7) Raw materials and supplies • ACTIVITY 1.5Complete the following schemes, drawing what is missing:. Raw Primary factory material: or processing _________. Primary factory Raw or processing material: _________. Material: _________. Material: _________. Secondary or manufacturing plant. Product: Chair. Secondary or manufacturing plant. Product: copper wire.
(8) Raw materials and supplies • ACTIVITY 1.6Complete the following schemes, drawing what is missing:. Raw Primary factory material: or processing _________. Primary factory Raw or processing material: _________. Material: _________. Material: _________. Secondary or manufacturing plant. Product: building. Secondary or manufacturing plant. Product: sausage.
(9) TYPES OF MATERIALS. RAWMATERIALS •. 1.-STONY MATERIALS. Rock. • Piedras. Rock fragments. • Aggregates. Sand. • Sand. Clay. • Ceramics.. Limestone. • Lime. Aljez. • Cast. Silica. • Glass. Ferrous minerals Non-ferrous minerals Tree trunk. Fiber crops Hair and animal fur. Silk Polymers oil Polymers oil. •. 2.-METALS. – -Férrosos: Casting, steel ... – No Ferrous: Copper, Tin .... •. 3.-WOODS.. •. 4.-TEXTILE. – -Natural Plant – -Natural Animals – -synthetic. •. 5.-PLASTICS..
(10) Rawmaterials and supplies •. ACTIVITY 1.7Say what materials these products are manufactured and what raw materials such materials are obtained..
(11) II. MATERIAL PROPERTIES.
(12) Each object we design and build needs to be made of material that will supply adequate to use features. Each material has its own properties that make it appropriate or inappropriate for different uses. The same material may be suitable for one use, and a terrible mistake for another. However that does not mean we can only make an object with a single type of material. Each object can be made of different materials, but they have to have similar properties. As future designers, engineers, technicians, operators, sellers or buyers, we have to know the properties of materials, to make good decisions. TYPES OF PROPERTIES: A.FÍSICAS A.1 MECHANICAL A.2 conductivities A.3 HEAT B.QUÍMICAS C.ECONÓMICAS D.ECOLÓGICAS E.HUMANAS. 12.
(13) A.1) Mechanical PHYSICAL PROPERTIES •. Elasticity: The ability of a body to be deformed to a force and recover the original shape after cessation of the force that deformed.. strength – Plasticity: A body with average elasticity: recovers part of the way and acquires permanent deformations. strength – Stiffness: A body with very low elasticity: it does not deform. strength. 13.
(14) A.1) Mechanical PHYSICAL PROPERTIES •. MALLEABILITY: Property sheets can be made if it passes through rollers.. •. DUCTILITY: Property to stretch into threads.. 14.
(15) A.1) Mechanical PHYSICAL PROPERTIES •. HARD: The ability of a body to scratch another.. •. MECHANICAL STRENGTH: The ability to support large ongoing efforts.. •. TOUGHNESS: Ability to withstand blows.. – FRAGILITY: Low toughness.. 15.
(16) A.2) PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: conductivities •. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY: the ability to transmit electrical current.. •. Light conductivity: Ability to transmit light.. •. THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY: Ability to transmit heat.. •. CONDUCTIVITY NOISE: Ability to transmit sound.. •. LIQUID conductivity (permeability): Ability to pass liquids therethrough – –. •. POWER LIGHT HEAT SOUND LIQUID. Porosity: ability to absorb and retain fluids. Solubility: ability to completely dissolve in water.. A.3) PHYSICAL: Heat. Extensibility: Ability to increase its volume with heat and contract with cold.. 16.
(17) A.3) PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: States. condensability. evaporability solidificability. sublimability. cold. heat liquibility. solidificability. •. Fusibility: Ability to pass from solid to liquid state by heat Solidificabilidad: otherwise. •. Evaporability: Ability to pass from liquid to gas. Condensabilidad: otherwise. •. SUBLIMABILIDAD: Ability to pass from solid to gas. Solidificabilidad: otherwise 18.
(18) activity.1 A) PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (A.1): Mechanical Let's analyze the mechanical physical properties of materials: Complete the following table shows a model considering the material ready for use. Elasticity Stony. MALLEABILITY. DUCTILITY. HARDN ESS. RESISTANCE. TOUGHNESS. Piedras Aggregate s Ceramic Glass. Metals Lumber Textiles. Natural Synthetic s. Plastics. 18.
(19) activity.2 A) PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (A.2): conductivities Let's analyze the physical properties of the conductivities of materials: Complete the following table shows a model considering the material ready for use.. ELECTRIC Conducividad Stony. LIGHT Conducividad. THERMAL Conducividad. ACOUSTIC Conducividad. Conducividad FLUIDS. Piedras Aggregate s Ceramic Glass. Metals Lumber Textiles. Natural Synthetic s. Plastics. 19.
(20) •. B) CHEMICAL PROPERTIES. Oxidability: It is the ability of a body combined with atmospheric oxygen to form oxides.. – COMBUSTIBILITY: It is extreme oxidation capacity. Talk while it burns and releases a lot of energy at once.. 20.
(21) activity.3. A) PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (A.3) Heat. Let's analyze the mechanical physical properties of materials: Complete the following table:. Extensibility Stony. Fusibility. Evaporability. Piedras Aggregates Ceramic Glass. Metals Lumber Textiles. Natural Synthetics. Plastics. 21.
(22) B) CHEMICAL PROPERTIES. activity.4. Let's analyze the mechanical physical properties of materials: Complete the following table:. Oxidability Stony. COMBUSTIBILIAD. Piedras Aggregate s Ceramic Glass. Metals Lumber Textiles. Natural Synthetic s. Plastics. 22.
(23) C1) ECONOMIC PROPERTIES •. Economic properties are all those related to the market (where manufacturers and consumers interact. – – –. •. COST OF PRODUCTION SELLING PRICE STABILITY DURATION. C2) environmental properties. The environmental characteristics of the material are those relating to the level of impact on the environment. – – – – – – –. Recyclability. Reusability. Biodegradability. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT collection. TOXICITY. SUSTAINABILITY Renewability. C3) HUMAN PROPERTIES •. Human properties are those that deal directly with humans, since their tastes to their safety. – – – – –. It includes ecological properties, since we are part of the ecosystem. SECURITY (DANGER FOR CHILDREN, TOXICITY) ERGONOMICS JUSTICE COSMETIC.. 23.
(24) activity.5 C. ECONOMIC PROPERTIES, ENVIRONMENT, HUMAN Let's analyze the mechanical physical properties of materials: Complete the following table:. SELLING PRICE Stony. RECYCLEABILITY. BIODEGRAheritability. IMPACT OF PROCUREMEN T. RENEWE D ABILITY. JUSTICE. BEAUTY. Piedras Aggregate s Ceramic Glass. Metals Lumber Textiles. Natural Synthetic s. 24.
(25) CHOICE OF MATERIALS IN PRODUCT DESIGN When designing products have to think of what material or materials shall be done. To choose the material we have to think what kind of properties we have to have.. For example, consider the properties should have the material to make a table: (See table on the next slide). 25.
(26) KIND. Analysis of grades of material properties for a table:. PHYSICA L. MECHANICAL. Conductivities. HEAT. PROPERTY. LEVEL. Elasticity (Plasticity) (stiffness). LOW. Malleability. LOW. Ductility. LOW. Hardness. HIGH. Strength. HIGH. Toughness. HIGH. Power. DOWN. Thermal. DOWN. Light. Regardless. Acoustics. Regardless. Liquid. LOW. Extensibility. LOW. Fusibility. LOW. Evaporability. LOW. 26.
(27) KIND. ACTIVITY 6:. PHYSICA L. PROPERTY MECHANICAL. Make an analysis of the degree of the properties for the material to make. LEVEL. Activity.5. Elasticity (Plasticity) (stiffness) Malleability Ductility Hardness Strength. a) b) c) d) e). a couch. A hammer An oven A window The hook of a crane.. Toughness Conductivities. Power Thermal Light Acoustics Liquid. HEAT. Extensibility Fusibility Evaporability. 27.
(28) Velvet hammer, glass mattress, clay table, Satin buildings, Cotton War, Gun candy, Peace men, ... We choose materials choose what purposes.
(29)
Documento similar
• Utilize the incoherent volume-element scattering in multiple scattering. computations (R 2 T
In particular, all the defects discussed above play a key role in streamlining the physical and chemical properties of semi- conductor materials directly associated with the
(2.10) One important feature of topology is the bulk-edge correspondence. When we compute non-trivial invariants in the bulk of a Hamiltonian, the open system will have zero energy
This paper argues that goals and intentionality are key elements of the structure of rational human action and are the origin of emer- gent properties such as innovation within
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect on the physical and mechanical properties of four different types of mortars after exposure to a sulfuric acid attack: (i) a
Influence of crystalline admixtures on the short-term behaviour of mortars exposed to sulphuric acid
Physical (mass loss, ultrasonic pulse velocity and capillary water absorption coefficient) and mechanical (compressive strength) properties were studied after the mortars were
Graphene nanoplates, reduced graphene oxide and pristine few-layer graphene, at a 2% doping ratio (w/w), were used as nanoreinforcements, and the influence of each
Comparison of the B 1s spectrum of the B-doped C-SWNT with that of the BN nanotubes indicates that the chemical environment of boron is rather similar to that expected for an sp
