ACTA ZOOLOGICA. MEXICANA nueva serie

ISSN 0065-1737

núm. 61 Abril 1994

ACTA

ZOOLOGICA MEXICANA

cE:irno ,,r_ ;, CIE.l"l lrlGf.. '1 :'''

nueva serie •

ACTA ZOOLOGICA MEXICANA nueva serie (ISSN-0065-1737), es una revista científica publicada por el Instituto de Ecología A.C., de la cual aparecen tres números por año en abril, agosto y diciembre.

Publica trabajos originales e inéditos sobre sistemática, morfología, ecología, comportamiento y zoogeografía de la fauna terrestre.

ACTA ZOOLOGICA MEXICANA nueva serie (ISSN-0065-1737), is a scientific journal published by the Instituto de Ecología A. C., which appears three times a year in April, August and December.

This journal only publishes original papers on the systematics, morphology, eco/ogy, ethology and zoogeography of terrestrial fauna.

COMITE EDl1.0RIAL (1993-1995) Pedro Reyes Castillo (Editor)

lmelda Martínez Morales (Ed. Ejecutivo) Vicente Hernández Ortiz (Ed. de Producción)

Gustavo Aguirre Martín Aluja Arturo Bonet Rodolfo Dirzo W. David Edmonds

Pedro Aguilar (PERU) Ticul Alvarez (MEXICO) Francisco J. Ayala (EUA) Isabel Bassols (MEXICO) Robert Barbault (FRANCIA) Martin L. Cody (EUA) Francesco Dicastri (FRANCIA) Hugh Drummond (MEXICO) William E. Duellmann (EUA)

Editores Asociados:

Carlos Fragoso Sonia Gallina

Alfonso García-Aldrete Violeta Halffter Carmen Huerta

CONSEJO EDITORIAL

Enrique González (MEXICO) Gonzalo Halffter (MEXICO) Fernando Hiraldo (ESPAÑA) Daniel H. Janzen (EUA) M. Lamotte (FRANCIA) Michael A. Mares (EUA) Ramón Margalef (ESPAÑA) David J. Morafka (EUA) Miguel A. Morón (MEXICO)

Patrick Lavelle Jorge Nocedal José Ramírez-Pulido Vinicio Sosa

Rosendo Pascual (ARGENTINA) Renaud Paulian (FRANCIA) Daniel Piñero (MEXICO) Robert E. Ricklefs (EUA) Vladimir Sokolov (RUSIA) José A. Valverde (ESPAÑA) Abraham Willink (ARGENTINA) Don E. Wilson (EUA)

Derechos de Página: No hay cargos por derecho de página para los autores suscritos a la revista.

Además se entregan 1 00 sobretiros sin costo para el(los) autor(es).

There are no printing charges for authors subscribed to this journal. The author(s/ wi/1 receive a total of 100 reprints free of charge.

Suscripción anual: México: N$ 25.00 m.n. Otros Países: $ 15.00 USD.

Envíe su giro postal o giro bancario, a nombre de INSTITUTO DE ECOLOGIA A.C. a la dirección abajo citada. Solo se aceptan intercambios por publicaciones similares. Toda correspondencia relativa a suscripciones, distribución e intercambios deberá enviarse a la siguiente dirección.

Annual subscription: Mex,co: N$ 25.00 m.n. Al/ other Countries: $ 15.00 USO.

Send your money arder or certified cheque, made out to /NS TITUTO PE B:;_OLOGIA A. C. to the address below. We only accept exchanges with similar journ.'afs_: :till corres¡joncJéhce related to subscriptions, distribution and exchanges should be addressed to:

Depto. de Publicaciones y Difusión Acta Zoológica Mexicana Instituto de Ecología A.C. Ap. Postal 63

Xalapa, Veracruz 91000. MEXICO

10° ANIVERSARIO

1984 - 1994

EDITORIAL

ACTA ZOOLOGICA MEXICANA nueva serie, cumple durante 1994 su 10°

aniversario de aparecer en forma ininterrumpida. En este período han sido publicados 60 números a razón de 6 por año, que incluyen 75 artículos de diversos autores.

El proceso de publicación de nuestra revista en estos años no ha sido fácil, ya que sufrimos un retraso involuntario en la aparición de algunos números, originado por el cambio de sede del Instituto de Ecología A.C. a la Ciudad de Xalapa, así como problemas de carácter económico.

A partir de 1994, se publicarán unicamente tres números por año en Abril, Agosto y Diciembre, con una mayor cantidad de artículos en cada uno de ellos, y como se podrá constatar, hemos establecido reformas a la edición, normas editoriales y distribución de la revista, con el propósito de consolidar a ACTA ZOOLOGICA MEXICANA como una revista de alta calidad científica.

Agradecemos a todos los investigadores de diversas instituciones nacionales y extranjeras, quienes han colaborado como árbitros de artículos sometidos a nuestra revista en las áreas de su especialidad.

Aprovecho la ocasión para hacerles una atenta invitación a publicar los resultados de sus investigaciones en ACTA ZOOLOGICA MEXICANA, en la áreas de sistemática, morfología, ecología, comportamiento y zoogeografía de fa fauna terrestre.

A nombre del Comité Editorial y el mío propio, agradezco su interés en esta revista y su comprensión al retraso involuntario que tuvimos en el pasado, y fes reiteramos la invitación a enviarnos sus manuscritos, ya que con toda seguridad, sus contribuciones serán la base de la excelencia de ACTA ZOOLOGICA MEXICANA.

M.C. PEDRO REYES CASTILLO Editor

Acta Zoo/. Mex. (n.s.J 61: 1-5 (1994)

KLINCKOWSTROEMIA MUL TISETILLOSA ROSARIO & HUNTER (ACARINA: TRIGYNASPIDA: KLINCKOWSTROEMIIDAE) ASSOCIATED WITH THREE SPECIES OF PROCULUS KUWERT

(COLEOPTERA: PASSALIDAE)

Elcidia Emely Padilla and Jack Schuster Systematic Entomology Laboratory

Research lnstitute 1-31 O Universidad del Valle de Guatemala

Apartado Postal # 82

Guatemala 01901, GUATEMALA, C. A. CE~TRO l'c 'HORM,'.CIO ,:IEN!IFICA Y ;\UMMi~l\1

ABSTRACT

1

O ENE. 1995

Klinckowstroemia multisetillosa Rosario & Hunter was known to be asociated with Procu/us mniszechi Kaup in Guatemala. We have found K. multisetillosa associated with allopatric populations of P. burmeisteri Kuwert and P. opacipennis (Thompson). K. multisetillosa is now known from 4 regio ns of Guatemala and 1 of Honduras. At present, there appears to be no gene flow between these 5 areas.

Only 1 species of Proculus is known from each region. Since this genus is flightless, the distribution of mites among these "geografic islands" could be explained in 2 ways: the first implies a possible wide-spread ancient distribution and the second implies the distribution of such mites by phoresy on other passalid species that fly.

Key Words: Acarina, Klinckowstroemiidae, Passalidae, distribution, Guatemala.

RESUMEN

Klinckowstroemia multisetillosa Rosario & Hunter se conocía asociada a Proculus mniszechi Kaup en Guatemala. Hemos encontrado K. multisetillosa asociada a poblaciones alopátricas de P. burmeisteri Kuwert y P. opacipennis (Thompson). K. multisetillosa se conoce de 4 regiones de Guatemala y 1 de Honduras. En el presente, parece que no hay flujo genético entre esas 5 áreas. Sólo una especie de Proculus es conocida de cada una de las áreas mencionadas. Puesto que este género no vuela, la distribución de ácaros entre estas "islas geográficas" puede ser explicada en 2 formas: la primera implica una amplia y antigua distribución y la segunda implica la distribución de los ácaros por foresia en otras especies de pasálidos que vuelan.

Palabras Clave: Acarina, Klinckowstroemiidae, Passalidae, distribución, Guatemala.

INTRODUCTION

Fourteen species of the mite family Klinckowstroemiidae Tragardh are associated with at least 14 genera of passalid beetles (bess beetles) from Surinam, Mexico, Costa Rica and Guatemala (Rosario and Hunter, 1988).

1

Padilla & Schuster: K. multisetillosa associated with Proculus

The exact ecological and trophic relationships between beetle and mite are unknown. Klinckowstroemia has recently been studied taxonomically by Rosario and Hunter ( 1988).

This paper treats biogeographical and ecological associations between K.

mu/tiseti/losa and 3 species ot the passalid genus Procu/us: P. burmeisteri, P.

mniszechi and P. opacipennis. These mite associations with P. burmeisteri and P.

opacipennis are first reported here. Proculus shows an extraordinary wing reduction (the greatest in the Passalidae) that is associated with its restricted distribution in the tropical mountains ot southern Mexico and Central America.

These mountain systems have been centers ot diversification (Reyes-Castillo, 1970). Procu/us is associated with cloud and very humid forests, showing the Mesoamerican Montane distributional pattern (Halttter and Reyes-Castillo, 1976).

METHODS

The mites were obtained directly trom passalid beetles that were collected in logs in the following sites: Cerro San Gil, lzabal; La Unión, Zacapa; Sierra de Las Minas, lzabal and Purulhá, Baja Verapaz, all in Guatemala and El Portillo mountain, Ocotepeque, Honduras. Mixing ot beetle species were caretully avoided to prevent any possible transterence ot mites. Mites were identitied using keys ot Rosario &

Hunter (1988) and identitications were contirmed by P. Hunter. The mites were mounted on slides using Hoyers as a fixative.

The specimens ot K. multiseti/losa are deposited in the Universidad del Valle Arthro'pod Collection and the University ot Georgia Mite Collection.

RESULTS

K. multisetillosa (Fig. 1) was found associated with 3 allopatric species ot Proculus in 5 are as, each isolated trom one another (Fig. 1). The lite zone ot Purulhá, based on the Holdridge system, is a Lower Montane Rain Forest (De la Cruz, 1984). The specimens ot P. mniszechi were tound in a liquidambar styraciflua L. log in a mixed forest ot Quercus spp., Pinus spp., and L. styracif/ua at 1500m in the Sierra de las Minas system.

Specimens ot K. multisetillosa trom Purulhá, Baja Verapaz, constitute topotypes ot this species. A small area ot cloud forest exists above La Unión, Zacapa Department, between 1160-1550m altitude. This forest is not indicated on the Lite Zone map ot the area (De la Cruz, 1984). lt is separated by low, dry valleys from other mountains in the Sierra del Merendón which runs along the Honduras-Guatemala border. Here we found an isolated population ot P. mniszechi that were collected in an oak (Quercus sp.) log (Castañeda, pers. comm.).

2

~

¡ !

1

1

N

. .

..

. . . . .

Acta Zoo/. Mex. (n.s.J 61 (1994)

ZLJ:l

. . ^.

. ^.

. ^. . ^.

GUATEMALA

. .

Figure 1

Map of the northern Central America nucleus, showing collecting sites (numbers) and altitudinal zonation: 1) Cerro San Gil, Izaba!, Guatemala; 2) Purulhá, Baja Verapaz, Guatemala; 3) La Unión, Zacapa, Guatemala; 4) Río Zarco, Izaba!, Guatemala; 5) El Portillo, Ocotepeque, Honduras. Altitude is given in meters above the sea level. The white area ranges from Om to 500m. Areas with vertical bars range from 500m to 1,000m. The black area ranges from 1,000 m to 2,000 m. Areas with horizontal bars are above 2,000 m. The dotted areas represent bodies of water.

3

PadH/a & Schuster: K. multisetil/osa associated with Proculus

The Sierra de las Minas is separated from the mountain above La Unión for approximately 50km by the Motagua River valley. The floor of the valley is approximately 200m above the sea level in the area of Zacapa and contains Subtropical Dry Forest and Subtropical Thorn Scrub (De la Cruz, 1984).

P. opacipennis also occurs in 2 separated mountain systems, the eastern Sierra de Las Minas and Cerro San Gil, both in lzabal Department. The Life Zone of the former collecting site is Subtropical Cool Wet Forest, the later is Tropical Wet Forest (De la Cruz, 1984). Sorne of the P. opacipennis we studied were collected in a Castilloa elastica forest, with a few Cedrela sp., Cecropia sp., and Chamaedoria sp. above Zarco River, a cloud forest with lowland tropical influence at 1480m (E. Cano, pers. comm.). Others were collected on Cerro San Gil between 950 and 1 OOOm (H. Castañeda, pers. comm.) in a forest with many lowland rainforest plants such as Pithecolobium sp., Heliconia sp., Sterculia sp., Ca/ophyllum brasiliense var. rekoi Standl., Clusia rosea Jacq., Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn., and Tamarindus indica L. (possibly introduced) (E. Poll, pers. comm.).

At present, aproximately 45 km of lowlands dedicated to agriculture and cattle activities separate the two systems and constitute an anthropogenic barrier for the dispersion of the flightless passalid in any direction from Cerro San Gil.

P. burmeisteri is known with exactness from only one place, El Portillo, Honduras. Specimens were collected in a cloud forest located at 181 Om. El Portillo is isolated from all mountain to the north, south and west by deep, dry valleys.

Specimens of a few other passalid species such as Verres corticicola (Truqui), Ogyges cakchiqueli Schuster & Reyes-Castillo, O. crassu/us (Casey) from the same and different areas of Guatemala and Honduras have been checked for mites without having found K. multisetillosa.

DISCUSSION

K. multisetillosa was first found with P. mniszechi (Rosario & Hunter, 1988) from Purulhá. Since then we have found this mite associated with 4 more isolated populations of Procu/us. Though the genus Klinckowstroemia is known from other passalid species in Guatemala, K. multisetillosa is known only from Procu/us.

How can we explain the presence of the same species of mite in different allopatric populations of Proculus?. One hypothesis is that the mites may have been phoretic on flying species of passalids that could more easily communicate among these 5 areas. Nevertheless, the barriers between each of these areas, except perhaps those between Cerro San Gil-Sierra de las Minas (lzabal) and Purulhá (the westernmost extension of the Sierra de las Minas, in Baja Verapaz), seem to be extensive enough to limit even flying passalids. Also, no evidence exists yet that K. multisetillosa is associated with other passalids.

4

A eta Zoo/. Mex. (n.s.) 61 ( 1994)

The fact that K. multisetillosa occurs on 3 species of Proculus may mean that it was present on the common ancestor of these species. lf so, then speciation has been less rapid in the mites than in the passalids. A third possibility is that K.

multisetillosa originated on a given species of Procu/us which at one time became sympatric with one or more other species to which t~e mites then passed. Later, the Procu/us became allopatric again. This latter scenario doesn't seem highly probable; it would imply far each case of sympatry the local total extinction of one of the other 2 species of Procu/us. We suspect that the second hipothesis is the most likely. lt will be interesting to see if other Proculus species even more isolated from these 5 populations also have K. multisetillosa, especially P. beckeri Zang of Chiapas, P. goryi Melly of the Guatemalan volcanoes, and possible Proculus populations in Costa Rica and Colombia. These data, along with phylogenetic analyses of both mites and passalids should provide insights with respect to climatic history and migrations in Mesoamerica.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We thank P. Hunter for the identification of mites and for providing related literature, H. Castañeda and E. Cano for the loan of specimens of Proculus, R. Pérez for the use of micro-photographic equipment; to H. Castañeda for the English translation and comments.

E. Poll for identification of trees on Cerro San Gil and the Universidad del Valle de Guatemala for facilitating this work.

REFERENCES CITED

De la Cruz, R. 1984. Clasificación de Zonas de Vida de Guatemala a nivel de reconocimiento. INAFOR, Guatemala. 42pp. + map.

Halffter, G. & P. Reyes-Castillo. 1976. Análisis de la distribución geográfica de la tribu Proculini (Coleoptera, Passalidae). Folia Entamo/. Mex. 39-40: 222-226.

Reyes-Castillo, P. 1970. Coleoptera, Passalidae: Morfología y división en grandes grupos;

géneros americanos. Folia Entamo/. Mex. 20-22: 1-240.

Rosario, R. M. & P. Hunter. 1988. The genus Klinckowstroemia and descriptions of nine new species (Acarina: Trigynaspida: Klinckowstroemiidae). Acarologia 29(2): 11 9-136.

Accepted: April 11, 1994

5