2 0 1 1
2 0 1 1
Designed as both a quick reference and a reliable dataset
for monitoring development programs and aid flows in the
region,
Africa Development Indicators 2011
is an invaluable
tool for analysts and policymakers who want a better
understanding of Africa’s economic and social development.
Africa Development Indicators 2011
is the most detailed
collection of data on Africa. It contains macroeconomic,
sectoral, and social indicators for 53 countries.
The companion CD-ROM has additional data, with
some 1,700 indicators covering 1961–2009.
•
Basic indicators
•
National and fiscal accounts
•
External accounts and exchange rates
•
Millennium Development Goals
•
Private sector development
•
Trade and regional integration
•
Infrastructure
•
Human development
•
Agriculture, rural development, and the environment
•
Labor, migration, and population
•
HIV/AIDS and malaria
•
Capable states and partnership
•
Paris Declaration indicators
•
Governance and polity
Africa Development Indicators 2011
SKU 18731
Copyright © 2011 by the International Bank
for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank
1818 H Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A.
All rights reserved
Manufactured in the United States of America
First printing 2011
This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. The findings,
interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The
World Bank or the governments they represent.
The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and
other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal
status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.
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ISBN: 978-0-8213-8731-3
e-ISBN: 978-0-8213-8732-0
DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8731-3
SKU: 18731
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To order
Africa Development Indicators 2011, The Little Data Book on Africa 2011
(available online only),
or Africa Development
In-dicators 2011–Multiple User CD-ROM, please visit www.worldbank.org/publications. To subscribe to Africa Development
Indica-tors Online please visit http://publications.worldbank.org/ADI.
Foreword
vii
Acknowledgments
ix
Indicator tables
1
Users guide
3
Part I. Basic indicators and national and fiscal accounts
1. Basic indicators
1.1 Basic indicators
7
2. National and fiscal accounts
2.1 Gross domestic product, nominal
8
2.2 Gross domestic product, real
9
2.3 Gross domestic product growth
10
2.4 Gross domestic product per capita, real
11
2.5 Gross domestic product per capita growth
12
2.6 Gross national income, nominal
13
2.7 Gross national income,
World Bank Atlas
method
14
2.8 Gross national income per capita,
World Bank Atlas
method
15
2.9 Gross domestic product deflator (local currency series)
16
2.10 Gross domestic product deflator (U.S. dollar series)
17
2.11 Consumer price index
18
2.12 Price indexes
19
2.13 Gross domestic savings
20
2.14 Gross national savings
21
2.15 General government final consumption expenditure
22
2.16 Household final consumption expenditure
23
2.17 Final consumption expenditure plus discrepancy
24
2.18 Final consumption expenditure plus discrepancy per capita
25
2.19 Gross fixed capital formation
26
2.20 Gross general government fixed capital formation
27
2.21 Private sector fixed capital formation
28
2.22 External trade balance (exports minus imports)
29
2.23 Exports of goods and services, nominal
30
2.24 Imports of goods and services, nominal
31
2.25 Exports of goods and services as a share of GDP
32
2.26 Imports of goods and services as a share of GDP
33
2.27 Balance of payments and current account
34
2.28 Exchange rates and purchasing power parity
36
2.29 Agriculture value added
38
2.30 Industry value added
39
2.31 Services plus discrepancy value added
40
2.32 Central government finances, expense, and revenue
41
2.33 Structure of demand
45
Part II. Millennium Development Goals
3. Millennium Development Goals
3.1 Millennium Development Goal 1: eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
46
3.2 Millennium Development Goal 2: achieve universal primary education
49
3.3 Millennium Development Goal 3: promote gender equality and empower women
50
3.4 Millennium Development Goal 4: reduce child mortality
51
3.5 Millennium Development Goal 5: improve maternal health
52
3.6 Millennium Development Goal 6: combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
53
3.7 Millennium Development Goal 7: ensure environmental sustainability
55
3.8 Millennium Development Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
57
Part III. Development outcomes
Drivers of growth
4. Private sector development
4.1 Doing Business indicators
59
4.2 Investment climate
62
4.3 Financial sector infrastructure
64
5. Trade and regional integration
5.1 International trade and tariff barriers
66
5.2 Top three exports and share in total exports, 2009
70
5.3 Regional integration, trade blocs
72
6. Infrastructure
6.1 Water and sanitation
74
6.2 Transportation
75
6.3 Information and communication technology
77
6.4 Energy
80
Participating in growth
7. Human development
7.1 Education
82
7.2 Health
84
8. Agriculture, rural development, and environment
8.1 Rural development
88
8.2 Agriculture
90
8.3 Producer food prices
92
8.4 Environment
94
8.5 Fossil fuel emissions
96
9. Labor, migration, and population
9.1 Labor force participation
98
9.2 Labor force composition
100
9.3 Unemployment
102
9.4 Migration and population
104
10. HIV/AIDS
11. Malaria
11.1 Malaria
110
12. Capable states and partnership
12.1 Aid and debt relief
111
12.2 Status of Paris Declaration indicators
114
12.3 Capable states
116
12.4 Governance and anticorruption indicators
118
12.5 Country Policy and Institutional Assessment ratings
120
12.6 Polity indicators
124
Technical notes
125
Technical notes references
181
Map of Africa
182
This year’s
Africa Development Indicators
,
which covers some 1,700 macro economic,
sectoral, and human development
indica-tors dating to the 1960s, comes at a critical
time for Sub-Saharan Africa’s 48 countries
and 841 million people. After a decade of
economic growth at nearly 5 percent a year,
Africa—along with the rest of the world—
was hit hard by the global economic crisis,
but it rebounded within a year. In 2011 the
continent’s growth is expected to return to
pre crisis levels. The poverty rate has been
declining at about 1 percentage point a year,
and progress on the Millennium
Develop-ment Goals, while insufficient to reach the
2015 targets in many countries, has been
substantial.
Yet, Africa faces some of the most
formi-dable development challenges in the world.
First, growth has been uneven, with about
20 fragile and conflict-affected states
seem-ingly trapped in persistent poverty. Second,
economic growth has not translated to
pro-ductive jobs and more earning opportunities
for Africa’s labor force—most of which is
engaged in agriculture and informal
enter-prises—and especially for the 7‒10 million
young people entering the labor force each
year. And third, Africa’s growth could be
faster and more widespread (and abject
pov-erty eliminated) if it could address its most
fundamental challenges—improving
gover-nance and increasing public sector capacity.
Just as the World Bank’s Africa strategy,
Africa’s Future and World Bank Support to It,
seeks to harness the continent’s recent
dy-namic growth to address these development
challenges, so too do statistics in general,
and
Africa Development Indicators
in
particu-lar, reflect both the progress and the
poten-tial of the continent.
Africa Development
Indi-cators
permits policymakers, private actors,
civil society, development partners, and
citizens to monitor, study, and document
Africa’s economic and social development. It
also shows where we need to improve. Just
18 of 48 countries have poverty data for
2007‒10. And in the 2000s Africa averaged
1.5 poverty figures per country, less than
half the world’s average of 3.8. One reason
for the shortcomings is lack of statistical
ca-pacity—as of 2010 only six countries have
statistical capacity building indicators of
70‒84 percent. But here too there has been
progress: all but four countries now have an
official national statistics website, compared
with 50 percent a few years ago. More than
20 countries have made their household
sur-vey datasets available on their national data
archive website, and more than 75 percent
of Africa’s people are covered by a
popula-tion census less than 10 years old.
Since 2005 countries have developed
their national statistical systems by
de-signing and implementing a National
Strat-egy for the Development of Statistics, which
links data with poverty reduction strategies.
The World Bank, in collaboration with other
partners, is providing financial support and
technical advice through lending operations
such as STATCAP, through trust funds (in
particular the Trust Fund for Statistical
Ca-pacity Building and the Statistics for Results
Catalytic Fund), and through international
initiatives. Moving forward, the Bank will
scale up its statistical capacity development
activities, not least because it is only with
credible statistics that progress on the
Af-rica strategy can be monitored. In addition,
technology is being used to accelerate data
collection, especially in underserved areas.
For instance, in Africa’s newest country, the
Republic of South Sudan, the Bank is
col-laborating with the local statistics office to
collect information on people’s economic
situation, security, and outlook using cell
phones distributed to 1,000 households in
10 state capitals.
Africa Development Indicators
has another,
more fundamental role in Africa’s
develop-ment. Statistics—and the information
con-tained in them—can empower citizens to
hold their governments accountable. From
the first public expenditure tracking survey
of education in Uganda to the Ushahidi
plat-form for tracking political violence and
nat-ural disasters, Africans have demonstrated
how systematic data can mobilize citizens to
spur their governments to action. Inasmuch
as governance was identified as the
funda-mental constraint to African development,
Africa Development Indicators
is a major
in-strument in relaxing that constraint.
To that end, since April 2010 the World
Bank has made all its data freely available,
resulting in continually growing use of its
online resources. This volume is part of the
Africa Development Indicators suite of
prod-ucts, which also includes
The Little Data Book
on Africa 2011
(available online only), the
Af-rica Development Indicators 2011–Multiple
User CD-ROM, and a data query and
chart-ing application for mobile services.
A tool for learning, capacity
strengthen-ing, and accountability,
Africa Development
Indicators 2011
will continue to play a critical
role in Africa’s economic transformation.
Obiageli K. Ezekwesili
Vice President
Africa Development Indicators
is a product of
the Africa Region of the World Bank.
This report has been prepared by a core
team led by Rose Mungai comprising
Fran-coise Genouille and Jane Njuguna in the
pro-duction of this book and its companions—
Africa Development Indicators Online 2011,
Africa Development Indicators
2011—Mul-tiple User CD-ROM, and
The Little Data
Book on Africa 2011
(online only). Yohannes
Kebede coordinated the
Africa Development
Indicators
Online apps platform while Mapi
Buitano coordinated the dissemination
of the book and its companions, and Jane
Njuguna coordinated production. The
over-all work was carried out under the guidance
of Shantayanan Devarajan, Chief Economist
of the Africa Region.
The technical box contributors were:
•
Ghislaine Delaine and Antoine
Simon-pietri (African statistical systems).
•
Shantayanan Devarajan (Africa’s future
and the World Bank’s support to it).
•
Quy-Toan Do (Multidimensional indices
of poverty).
•
Punam Chuhan-Pole and Manka S.
An-gwafo (Transformation of Rwanda’s
cof-fee sector: an African success story).
•
Sailesh Tiwari and Hassan Zaman (Food
prices in Africa).
•
Dilip Ratha, Sanket Mohapatra, Caglar
Ozden, Sonia Plaza, and Abebe Shimeles
(Migration and remittances in Africa).
•
Bernard Harborne, Noro Aina
Andri-amihaja, and Viola Erdmannsdoerfer
(Conflict -affected and fragile states in
Africa).
•
Stuti Khemani (The political economy of
public policies and government failures).
Azita Amjadi, Abdolreza Farivari,
Shelley Lai Fu, Ugendran Machakkalai,
Shanmugam Natarajan, Lakshmikanthan
Subramanian, and Malarvizhi Veerappan
collaborated in the online data production.
Maja Bresslauer, Mahyar Eshragh-Tabary,
Masako Hiraga, and Soong Sup Lee
col-laborated in the update of the live
data-base. Software preparation and testing for
the CD-ROM and mobile applications was
managed by Vilas Mandelkar, with the
as-sistance of Ramgopal Erabelly, Parastoo
Oloumi, William Prince, and Jomo Tariku.
William Prince also collaborated in the
production of
The Little Data Book on Africa
2011.
Jeffrey Lecksell and Bruno Bonansea of
the World Bank’s Map Design Unit
coordi-nated preparation of the maps.
Ann Karasanyi and Kenneth Omondi
provided administrative and logistical
sup-port. The core team would like to thank the
many people who provided useful
com-ments on the publication. Their feedback
and suggestions helped improve this year’s
edition.
Staff from External Affairs oversaw
printing and dissemination of the book and
its companions.
Several institutions provided data to
Africa Development Indicators.
Their
contribu-tion is very much appreciated.
Communications Development
Incorpo-rated provided design direction, editing, and
layout.
Indicator tables
Part I. Basic indicators and national and fiscal accounts
1. Basic indicators
1.1 Basic indicators
7
2. National and fiscal accounts
2.1 Gross domestic product, nominal
8
2.2 Gross domestic product, real
9
2.3 Gross domestic product growth
10
2.4 Gross domestic product per capita, real
11
2.5 Gross domestic product per capita growth
12
2.6 Gross national income, nominal
13
2.7 Gross national income,
World Bank Atlas
method
14
2.8 Gross national income per capita,
World Bank Atlas
method
15
2.9 Gross domestic product deflator (local currency series)
16
2.10 Gross domestic product deflator (U.S. dollar series)
17
2.11 Consumer price index
18
2.12 Price indexes
19
2.13 Gross domestic savings
20
2.14 Gross national savings
21
2.15 General government final consumption expenditure
22
2.16 Household final consumption expenditure
23
2.17 Final consumption expenditure plus discrepancy
24
2.18 Final consumption expenditure plus discrepancy per capita
25
2.19 Gross fixed capital formation
26
2.20 Gross general government fixed capital formation
27
2.21 Private sector fixed capital formation
28
2.22 External trade balance (exports minus imports)
29
2.23 Exports of goods and services, nominal
30
2.24 Imports of goods and services, nominal
31
2.25 Exports of goods and services as a share of GDP
32
2.26 Imports of goods and services as a share of GDP
33
2.27 Balance of payments and current account
34
2.28 Exchange rates and purchasing power parity
36
2.29 Agriculture value added
38
2.30 Industry value added
39
2.31 Services plus discrepancy value added
40
2.32 Central government finances, expense, and revenue
41
2.33 Structure of demand
45
Part II. Millennium Development Goals
3. Millennium Development Goals
3.1 Millennium Development Goal 1: eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
46
3.2 Millennium Development Goal 2: achieve universal primary education
49
3.3 Millennium Development Goal 3: promote gender equality and empower women
50
3.4 Millennium Development Goal 4: reduce child mortality
51
3.6 Millennium Development Goal 6: combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
53
3.7 Millennium Development Goal 7: ensure environmental sustainability
55
3.8 Millennium Development Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
57
Part III. Development outcomes
Drivers of growth
4. Private sector development
4.1 Doing Business indicators
59
4.2 Investment climate
62
4.3 Financial sector infrastructure
64
5. Trade and regional integration
5.1 International trade and tariff barriers
66
5.2 Top three exports and share in total exports, 2009
70
5.3 Regional integration, trade blocs
72
6. Infrastructure
6.1 Water and sanitation
74
6.2 Transportation
75
6.3 Information and communication technology
77
6.4 Energy
80
Participating in growth
7. Human development
7.1 Education
82
7.2 Health
84
8. Agriculture, rural development, and environment
8.1 Rural development
88
8.2 Agriculture
90
8.3 Producer food prices
92
8.4 Environment
94
8.5 Fossil fuel emissions
96
9. Labor, migration, and population
9.1 Labor force participation
98
9.2 Labor force composition
100
9.3 Unemployment
102
9.4 Migration and population
104
10. HIV/AIDS
10.1 HIV/AIDS
106
11. Malaria
11.1 Malaria
110
12. Capable states and partnership
12.1 Aid and debt relief
111
12.2 Status of Paris Declaration indicators
114
12.3 Capable states
116
12.4 Governance and anticorruption indicators
118
12.5 Country Policy and Institutional Assessment ratings
120
Tables
The tables are numbered by section.
Coun-tries are listed alphabetically by subregion
(Sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa).
In-dicators are shown for the most recent year
or period for which data are available and, in
most tables, for an earlier year or period
(usu-ally 1980, 1990, or 1995). Time-series data
are available on the Africa Development
In-dicators—Multiple User CD-ROM and Africa
Development Indicators Online. The term
country,
used interchangeably with
economy,
does not imply political independence but
refers to any territory for which authorities
report separate social or economic statistics.
Known deviations from standard definitions
or breaks in comparability over time or across
countries are noted in the tables. When
avail-able data are deemed too weak to provide
reliable measures of levels and trends or do
not adequately adhere to international
stan-dards, the data are not shown.
Aggregate measure for region
and subclassifications
The aggregates are based on the World Bank’s
regional classification for Sub-Saharan
Af-rica and North AfAf-rica, which may differ from
common geographic usage. Former Spanish
Sahara is not included in any aggregates.
Statistics
Data are shown for economies as they were
constituted in 2008, and historical data are
revised to reflect current political
arrange-ments. Exceptions are noted in the tables.
Consistent time-series data for 1961–2009
are available on the Africa Development
Indicators—Multiple User CD-ROM and
Af-rica Development Indicators Online. Data for
some indicators, including macro economic
statistics, Doing Business indicators,
invest-ment climate indicators, governance and
Users guide
anticorruption indicators, and Country
Pol-icy and Institutional Assessment ratings are
provided for 2010.
Data consistency, reliability,
and comparability
Considerable effort has been made to
harmo-nize the data, but full comparability cannot be
assured, and care must be taken in interpreting
indicators. Many factors affect data
availabili-ty, comparabiliavailabili-ty, and reliability. Data coverage
may be incomplete because of circumstances
affecting the collection and reporting of data,
such as conflicts. Although drawn from
sourc-es thought to be the most authoritative, data
should be construed as indicating trends and
characterizing differences across economies.
Discrepancies in data presented in earlier
edi-tions of
Africa Development Indicators
reflect
updates from countries as well as revisions to
historical series and changes in methodology.
Readers are therefore advised not to compare
data series between editions or across World
Bank publications.
Classification of economies
For operational and analytical purposes the
World Bank’s main criterion for classifying
economies is gross national income (GNI)
per capita (calculated by the
World Bank Atlas
country composition of income groups may
change from one edition of
Africa Development
Indicators
to the next. Once the classification is
fixed for an edition, based on GNI per capita in
the most recent year for which data are
avail-able (2008 in this edition), all historical data
are based on the same country grouping.
Low-income economies are those with a GNI per
capita of $995 or less in 2008. Middle-income
economies are those with a GNI per capita of
more than $995 but less than $12,126. Lower
middle-income and upper middle-income
economies are separated at a GNI per capita
of $3,945. High-income economies are those
with a GNI per capita of $12,126 or more.
Alternative conversion factors
The World Bank systematically assesses the
appropriateness of official exchange rates as
conversion factors. An alternative conversion
factor is used when the official exchange rate
is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large
margin from the rate effectively applied to
do-mestic transactions of foreign currencies and
traded products. This applies to only a small
number of countries. Alternative conversion
factors are used in the
Atlas
methodology
and elsewhere in
Africa Development
Indica-tors
as single-year conversion factors.
Symbols
..
means that data are not available
or that aggregates cannot be
cal-culated because of missing data in
the years shown.
$
means current U.S. dollars unless
otherwise noted.
<
means less than
>
means greater than
0 or 0.0 means zero or small enough that
the number would round to zero
at the displayed number of decimal
places.
Data presentation conventions
A blank means not applicable or, for an
ag-gregate, not analytically meaningful.
A billion is 1,000 million.
Growth rates are in real terms, unless
other wise specified.
The cutoff date for data is May 2011.
However, the database may have more
recent data by the time of publication.
In calculating GNI and GNI per capita in
U.S. dollars for certain operational
pur-poses, the
World Bank Atlas
conversion
factor is used to reduce the impact of
ex-change rate fluctuations in cross-country
comparison of national incomes. The
World
Bank Atlas
conversion factor for any year is
the average of the official exchange rate or
alternative conversion factor for that year
and the two preceding, adjusted for the
dif-ference between the rate of inflation in the
country and that in Japan, the United
King-dom, the United States, and the euro area.
A country’s inflation rate is measured by the
change in its GDP deflator.
The inflation rate for Japan, the United
Kingdom, the United States, and the euro
area, representing international inflation,
is measured by the change in the “special
drawing rights (SDR) deflator.” The SDR is
the International Monetary Fund’s unit of
account and is calculated as a weighted
average of these countries’ GDP deflators
in SDR terms, the weights being the amount
of each country’s currency in one SDR unit.
Weights vary over time because both the
composition of the SDR and the relative
ex-change rates for each currency ex-change. The
SDR deflator is calculated in SDR terms first
and then converted to U.S. dollars using the
SDR-to-dollar
World Bank Atlas
conversion
factor. The conversion factor is then applied
to a country’s GNI. The resulting GNI in U.S.
dollars is divided by the midyear population
for the latest of the three years to derive GNI
per capita.
When official exchange rates are deemed
unreliable or unrepresentative of the
effec-tive exchange rate during a period, an
alter-native estimate of the exchange rate is used
in the
World Bank Atlas
formula below.
The following formulas describe the
pro-cedures for computing the conversion
fac-tor for year
t:
and for calculating per capita GNI in U.S.
dollars for year
t:
where
e
t* is the
World Bank Atlas
conver-sion factor (national currency to the U.S.
dollar) for year
t,
e
tis the average annual
exchange rate (national currency to the U.S.
dollar) for year
t,
p
tis the GDP deflator for
year
t,
p
tS$is the SDR deflator in U.S. dollar
terms for year
t
,
Y
t$is current GNI per capita
in U.S. dollars in year
t
,
Y
tis current GNI
(local currency) for year
t
, and
N
tis midyear
population for year
t.
Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income
$995 or less $996–$3,945 $3,946–$12,195 $12,196 or more
Benin Burkina Faso Burundi
Central African Republic Chad
Comoros Congo, Dem. Rep. Côte d’Ivoire Eritrea Ethiopia Gambia, The Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mozambique Niger Nigeria Rwanda
São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal
Sierra Leone Somalia Tanzania Togo Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe
Algeria Angola Cameroon Cape Verde Congo, Rep. Djibouti Egypt, Arab Rep. Lesotho Morocco Namibia Sudan Swaziland Tunisia
Botswana Gabon Libya Mauritius Seychelles South Africa
Equatorial Guinea
Source: World Bank.
Ta
b
le
Participating in growth
1.1
Basic indicators
Population
Land area (thousands
of sq km)
Population density (people per sq km)
GNI per capita,
World Bank Atlas method (current $)
GDP per capita
Constant 2000 prices Life
expectancy at birth (years)
Under-five mortality
rate
(per 1,000) indexGini
Adult literacy rate (% ages 15 and older)
Net official development
assistance per capita (current $) Total
(millions)(annual %)Growth $
Average annual
growth (%) Male Female
2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009a 2000–09 2009 2009 2000–09b 2009 2009 2009
SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA 841.0 2.5 23,636 35.6 1,130 618 2.6 52.5 130 74.8 56.3 53.2
Excluding South Africa 791.6 2.6 22,422 35.3 844 428 3.1 52.6 132 74.8 56.3 55.1
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria 636.9 2.6 21,511 29.6 757 408 2.8 53.6 131 .. .. 65.9
Angola 18.5 2.6 1,247 14.8 3,750 1,313 9.9 47.6 161 58.6 82.9 57.6 12.9
Benin 8.9 3.1 111 80.8 750 363 0.6 61.8 118 38.6 54.2 29.1 76.4
Botswana 1.9 1.5 567 3.4 6,260 4,082 3.0 55.0 57 .. 83.8 84.4 143.4
Burkina Faso 15.8 3.4 274 57.6 510 264 1.9 53.3 166 39.6 .. .. 68.8
Burundi 8.3 2.8 26 323.3 150 112 0.2 50.9 166 33.3 72.6 60.9 66.1
Cameroon 19.5 2.2 473 41.3 1,190 694 1.0 51.4 154 44.6 .. .. 33.3
Cape Verde 0.5 1.4 4 125.5 3,010 1,763 4.8 71.3 28 50.4 90.1 80.2 387.5
Central African Republic 4.4 1.9 623 7.1 450 233 –1.0 47.3 171 43.6 69.1 42.1 53.6
Chad 11.2 2.6 1,259 8.9 600 265 6.7 48.9 209 39.8 44.5 23.1 50.1
Comoros 0.7 2.4 2 354.2 810 367 –0.3 65.8 104 64.3 79.7 68.7 76.8
Congo, Dem. Rep. 66.0 2.7 2,267 29.1 160 97 2.1 47.8 199 44.4 79.5 54.9 35.6
Congo, Rep. 3.7 1.9 342 10.8 2,080 1,267 1.8 53.7 128 47.3 .. .. 76.8
Côte d’Ivoire 21.1 2.3 318 66.3 1,070 536 –1.3 58.0 119 41.5 64.7 45.3 112.3
Djibouti 0.9 1.7 23 37.3 1,280 904 2.1 55.7 94 39.9 .. .. 187.7
Equatorial Guinea 0.7 2.6 28 24.1 12,420 8,011 13.6 50.6 145 .. 97.0 89.8 46.7
Eritrea 5.1 2.9 101 50.2 320 133 –3.4 59.9 55 .. 77.9 56.0 28.5
Ethiopia 82.8 2.6 1,000 82.8 330 201 5.7 55.7 104 29.8 .. .. 46.1
Gabon 1.5 1.8 258 5.7 7,370 4,054 0.1 60.9 69 41.5 91.4 84.1 52.6
Gambia, The 1.7 2.7 10 170.5 440 382 2.1 56.2 103 47.3 57.6 35.8 75.1
Ghana 23.8 2.1 228 104.8 1,190 343 3.5 56.8 69 42.8 72.8 60.4 66.4
Guinea 10.1 2.4 246 41.0 370 400 1.0 58.3 142 39.4 50.8 28.1 21.3
Guinea-Bissau 1.6 2.2 28 57.3 510 143 –1.4 48.2 193 35.5 66.9 38.0 90.3
Kenya 39.8 2.6 569 69.9 760 452 1.7 54.9 84 47.7 90.5 83.5 44.7
Lesotho 2.1 0.8 30 68.1 980 471 2.1 45.4 84 52.5 82.9 95.3 59.5
Liberia 4.0 4.2 96 41.1 160 148 –3.5 58.7 112 38.2 63.7 54.5 127.7
Madagascar 19.6 2.7 582 33.7 430 255 0.8 60.8 58 47.2 .. .. 22.7
Malawi 15.3 2.8 94 162.2 290 168 1.9 53.8 110 39.0 80.6 67.0 50.6
Mali 13.0 2.4 1,220 10.7 680 304 2.8 48.8 191 39.0 .. .. 75.7
Mauritania 3.3 2.3 1,031 3.2 990 462 2.0 57.0 117 39.0 64.5 50.3 87.1
Mauritius 1.3 0.5 2 628.2 7,250 4,917 2.9 72.6 17 .. 90.6 85.3 122.0
Mozambique 22.9 2.3 786 29.1 440 371 5.2 48.1 142 45.6 70.1 41.5 87.9
Namibia 2.2 1.9 823 2.6 4,270 2,673 3.3 61.6 48 .. 88.9 88.1 150.2
Niger 15.3 3.9 1,267 12.1 340 173 0.5 52.0 160 34.0 .. .. 30.7
Nigeria 154.7 2.3 911 169.9 1,190 506 4.0 48.1 138 42.9 72.0 49.8 10.7
Rwanda 10.0 2.8 25 405.3 490 334 5.1 50.6 111 53.1 75.0 66.8 93.5
São Tomé and Príncipe 0.2 1.6 1 169.5 1,130 .. .. 65.8 78 50.6 93.7 84.0 188.7
Senegal 12.5 2.6 193 65.1 1,040 534 1.6 55.9 93 39.2 61.8 38.7 81.2
Seychelles 0.1 1.2 0 191.2 8,480 7,389 0.9 73.7 12 65.8 .. .. 263.7
Sierra Leone 5.7 2.4 72 79.5 340 265 5.8 47.9 192 42.5 52.7 30.1 76.8
Somalia 9.1 2.3 627 14.6 .. .. .. 50.1 180 .. .. .. 72.4
South Africa 49.3 1.1 1,214 40.6 5,760 3,689 2.8 51.6 62 57.8 .. .. 21.8
Sudan 42.3 2.2 2,376 17.8 1,220 537 5.0 58.5 108 .. 79.6 60.8 54.1
Swaziland 1.2 1.5 17 68.9 2,470 1,553 1.6 46.3 73 50.7 87.8 86.2 48.9
Tanzania 43.7 2.9 886 49.4 490 426 4.2 56.3 108 37.6 79.0 66.9 67.1
Togo 6.6 2.4 54 121.7 440 247 –0.1 62.9 98 34.4 .. .. 75.4
Uganda 32.7 3.3 197 166.0 460 366 4.3 53.4 128 44.3 .. .. 54.6
Zambia 12.9 2.5 743 17.4 960 401 3.0 46.3 141 50.7 80.6 61.3 98.1
Zimbabwe 12.5 0.5 387 32.4 360 288 –7.4 45.4 90 .. 94.7 89.4 58.8
NORTH AFRICA 166.7 1.6 5,738 29.1 3,280 2,191 3.1 71.5 26 .. .. 17.2
Algeria 34.9 1.5 2,382 14.7 4,420 2,190 2.5 72.6 32 .. .. .. 9.1
Egypt, Arab Rep. 83.0 1.8 995 83.4 2,070 1,836 3.0 70.3 21 32.1 .. .. 11.1
Libya 6.4 2.0 1,760 3.6 12,020 7,692 3.3 74.5 19 .. 95.2 82.0 6.1
Morocco 32.0 1.2 446 71.7 2,810 1,809 3.8 71.6 38 40.9 68.9 43.9 28.5
Tunisia 10.4 1.0 155 67.2 3,720 2,805 3.9 74.5 21 40.8 .. .. 45.4
ALL AFRICA 1,007.7 2.3 29,375 34.3 1,487 879 2.6 55.6 119 .. .. 47.2
a. Provisional.
Ta
b
le
Current prices
($ millions) Annual average growth (%)
1980 1990 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009a 1980–89 1990–99 2000–09
2.1
Gross domestic product, nominal
SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA 272,131 300,900 448,082 559,094 653,676 763,395 879,541 1,009,865 954,357 1.0 1.5 15.2
Excluding South Africa 193,303 189,013 279,985 340,092 406,780 502,768 593,774 734,377 669,740 –0.7 1.2 16.7
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria 124,769 160,605 212,189 252,030 294,213 355,441 427,372 526,649 496,310 3.0 0.8 15.7
Angola .. 10,260 13,956 19,775 30,632 45,163 59,263 84,179 75,493 .. –3.8 32.9
Benin 1,405 1,845 3,558 4,047 4,287 4,735 5,546 6,683 6,656 2.3 3.5 13.8
Botswana 1,061 3,792 8,087 10,049 10,255 11,255 12,386 13,545 11,823 12.6 4.6 10.8
Burkina Faso 1,929 3,101 4,270 5,109 5,427 5,771 6,767 8,046 8,141 4.8 0.0 14.4
Burundi 920 1,132 595 664 796 919 980 1,169 1,325 2.2 –3.3 8.4
Cameroon 6,741 11,152 13,622 15,775 16,588 17,957 20,686 23,736 22,186 7.3 –2.5 11.2
Cape Verde .. 339 797 925 999 1,108 1,331 1,531 1,549 .. 6.4 14.1
Central African Republic 797 1,488 1,139 1,270 1,350 1,477 1,712 1,988 2,006 8.1 –4.3 9.5
Chad 1,033 1,739 2,737 4,415 5,302 6,099 7,016 8,357 6,839 5.7 –1.3 23.2
Comoros 124 250 324 362 387 403 465 530 535 8.0 –2.0 12.0
Congo, Dem. Rep. 14,395 9,350 5,673 6,570 7,104 8,543 9,977 11,588 10,575 –6.2 –7.1 12.0
Congo, Rep. 1,706 2,799 3,496 4,649 6,087 7,731 8,344 11,789 9,580 2.3 –2.4 18.2
Côte d’Ivoire 10,175 10,796 13,737 15,481 16,363 17,367 19,796 23,414 23,304 2.0 2.2 10.4
Djibouti .. 452 622 666 709 769 848 983 1,049 .. 1.7 7.6
Equatorial Guinea .. 132 2,952 5,241 8,217 9,603 12,576 18,525 10,413 .. 22.5 34.1
Eritrea .. .. 771 939 1,171 1,281 1,374 1,654 1,873 .. 7.2 13.7
Ethiopia .. 12,083 8,539 10,034 12,286 15,134 19,182 25,899 28,526 5.9 –5.7 16.9
Gabon 4,279 5,952 6,055 7,178 8,666 9,546 11,571 14,535 11,062 –0.5 –1.7 13.4
Gambia, The 241 317 367 401 461 508 651 822 733 1.7 3.6 8.6
Ghana 4,445 5,886 7,624 8,872 10,720 20,388 24,632 28,527 26,169 3.2 2.6 25.0
Guinea .. 2,667 3,446 3,666 2,937 2,821 4,209 3,778 4,103 .. 3.0 3.2
Guinea-Bissau 111 244 475 535 590 597 692 847 837 3.7 –0.6 19.4
Kenya 7,265 8,591 14,904 16,096 18,738 22,502 27,166 30,031 29,376 2.6 7.7 11.8
Lesotho 431 541 947 1,206 1,315 1,417 1,577 1,594 1,579 –0.8 4.1 11.8
Liberia 954 384 410 460 530 612 735 843 876 –0.5 1.8 6.1
Madagascar 4,042 3,081 5,474 4,364 5,039 5,515 7,343 9,424 8,590 –5.2 3.4 9.5
Malawi 1,238 1,881 2,425 2,625 2,755 3,117 3,458 4,074 4,727 1.8 0.2 10.9
Mali 1,787 2,421 4,362 4,874 5,305 5,866 7,146 8,722 8,996 3.4 0.4 16.3
Mauritania 709 1,020 1,285 1,548 1,858 2,699 2,838 3,589 3,024 3.5 1.4 15.9
Mauritius 1,137 2,653 5,610 6,386 6,284 6,507 7,521 9,310 8,589 8.8 5.8 8.5
Mozambique 3,526 2,463 4,666 5,698 6,579 7,096 8,030 9,867 9,790 –4.7 8.3 11.8
Namibia 2,169 2,350 4,934 6,606 7,262 7,981 8,806 8,970 9,265 0.1 4.6 13.3
Niger 2,509 2,481 2,731 3,053 3,405 3,645 4,246 5,357 5,383 –0.2 –1.8 13.8
Nigeria 64,202 28,472 67,656 87,845 112,249 146,867 165,921 207,118 173,004 –12.0 3.2 19.9
Rwanda 1,163 2,584 1,846 2,089 2,581 3,111 3,741 4,691 5,216 8.6 –2.0 15.0
São Tomé and Príncipe .. .. 98 107 114 125 145 174 191 .. .. 11.5
Senegal 3,503 5,717 6,871 8,041 8,703 9,378 11,334 13,175 12,822 6.2 –1.8 13.4
Seychelles 147 369 706 700 884 968 1,026 926 764 9.3 6.0 4.9
Sierra Leone 1,101 650 991 1,096 1,239 1,422 1,664 1,955 1,942 –4.3 0.6 13.1
Somalia 604 917 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.4 .. ..
South Africa 80,710 112,014 168,219 219,093 247,064 261,007 286,302 276,451 285,366 4.1 2.1 12.2
Sudan 7,617 12,409 17,780 21,684 27,386 36,401 46,531 58,032 54,681 10.1 0.8 21.2
Swaziland 543 1,115 1,796 2,282 2,524 2,670 2,950 2,840 3,001 1.9 4.4 11.3
Tanzania .. 4,259 11,659 12,826 14,142 14,331 16,826 20,715 21,368 .. 10.1 9.1
Togo 1,136 1,628 1,759 2,061 2,108 2,218 2,499 2,899 2,855 4.5 –0.1 10.0
Uganda 1,245 4,304 6,337 8,469 9,000 9,922 11,892 14,441 16,043 20.7 8.8 12.6
Zambia 3,884 3,288 4,374 5,423 7,157 10,675 11,410 14,382 12,805 –3.1 0.2 20.3
Zimbabwe 6,679 8,784 5,658 5,671 5,583 5,203 5,018 4,247 5,625 –0.1 –1.5 –3.6
NORTH AFRICA 111,546 172,192 249,820 282,321 324,517 377,737 448,926 556,721 522,285 4.8 4.2 11.2
Algeria 42,345 62,045 68,019 85,014 102,339 117,169 135,804 170,989 140,577 4.5 –1.2 14.6
Egypt, Arab Rep. 22,912 43,130 82,924 78,845 89,686 107,484 130,473 162,836 188,413 6.8 10.8 7.7
Libya .. 28,905 24,063 33,385 44,000 56,484 71,803 93,168 62,360 .. –0.9 15.0
Morocco 18,821 25,821 49,823 56,948 59,524 65,637 75,226 88,883 91,375 3.7 5.1 11.6
Tunisia 8,743 12,291 24,992 28,129 28,968 30,962 35,620 40,845 39,561 2.3 6.0 9.3
ALL AFRICA 386,556 472,997 697,735 841,140 977,859 1,140,739 1,328,046 1,566,195 1,476,265 2.2 2.5 13.7
Ta
b
le
2.2
Gross domestic product, real
SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA 227,433 273,288 383,153 407,008 430,323 457,294 486,811 511,548 520,086 1.8 2.4 5.1
Excluding South Africa 132,121 162,355 237,556 254,798 270,086 288,086 308,333 326,524 338,402 2.1 2.7 5.8
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria 99,187 127,336 184,367 195,958 208,072 222,229 238,231 252,216 259,922 2.6 2.8 5.5
Angola .. 8,464 11,137 12,383 14,935 17,707 21,298 24,136 24,295 .. 1.0 13.1
Benin 1,084 1,412 2,571 2,650 2,727 2,839 2,970 3,121 3,240 2.7 4.7 4.0
Botswana 1,209 3,395 6,751 7,154 7,271 7,643 8,010 8,260 7,959 10.9 4.8 4.4
Burkina Faso 1,101 1,556 3,150 3,296 3,505 3,698 3,831 4,023 4,164 4.0 5.5 5.4
Burundi 559 865 747 783 790 830 860 899 930 4.5 –3.2 3.0
Cameroon 6,339 8,793 11,393 11,815 12,087 12,476 12,913 13,287 13,553 4.5 1.3 3.3
Cape Verde .. 303 613 608 681 750 815 867 891 6.3 5.9 6.4
Central African Republic 735 815 884 892 914 949 984 1,005 1,029 1.6 1.8 0.8
Chad 665 1,106 1,925 2,572 3,018 3,024 3,030 3,018 2,970 6.7 2.3 10.2
Comoros 136 181 223 222 232 234 236 238 242 2.9 1.2 1.9
Congo, Dem. Rep. 7,016 7,659 4,614 4,921 5,239 5,505 5,849 6,212 6,379 2.1 –5.0 5.2
Congo, Rep. 1,746 2,796 3,524 3,647 3,932 4,173 4,107 4,335 4,665 3.8 0.8 4.0
Côte d’Ivoire 7,727 8,298 10,106 10,287 10,417 10,488 10,668 10,904 11,296 0.7 3.5 0.8
Djibouti .. 660 596 619 638 669 703 744 781 .. –2.3 4.0
Equatorial Guinea .. 207 2,764 3,815 4,187 4,239 5,148 5,730 5,418 .. 20.7 16.8
Eritrea .. .. 692 702 720 713 722 652 675 .. 7.9 0.2
Ethiopia .. 6,234 8,798 9,993 11,174 12,384 13,803 15,291 16,623 2.1 3.7 8.5
Gabon 3,594 4,298 5,290 5,361 5,523 5,588 5,899 6,035 5,978 0.5 2.9 2.1
Gambia, The 213 305 460 493 518 552 587 623 651 3.5 2.7 5.2
Ghana 2,640 3,267 5,691 6,010 6,364 6,771 7,209 7,817 8,181 2.6 4.3 5.8
Guinea .. 2,088 3,503 3,585 3,692 3,784 3,851 4,041 4,030 .. 4.4 3.0
Guinea-Bissau 115 186 195 201 211 215 216 224 230 3.8 1.4 1.0
Kenya 7,078 10,544 13,631 14,327 15,173 16,132 17,263 17,531 17,985 4.1 2.2 4.4
Lesotho 380 504 819 838 847 902 924 965 973 2.3 4.0 3.1
Liberia 1,391 433 411 422 444 479 524 561 587 –3.3 0.2 0.0
Madagascar 3,099 3,266 3,941 4,148 4,339 4,557 4,842 5,187 4,997 0.8 1.7 3.6
Malawi 1,000 1,243 1,778 1,875 1,924 2,072 2,192 2,381 2,562 2.4 3.8 4.8
Mali 1,536 1,630 3,039 3,105 3,294 3,469 3,618 3,795 3,958 0.5 3.9 5.3
Mauritania 693 816 1,188 1,249 1,317 1,573 1,483 1,537 1,521 1.9 2.9 4.7
Mauritius 1,519 2,726 4,975 5,261 5,327 5,537 5,842 6,140 6,271 6.1 5.0 3.7
Mozambique 2,462 2,499 5,485 5,918 6,414 6,971 7,478 7,982 8,488 –0.9 6.0 7.9
Namibia 2,292 2,591 4,320 4,850 4,972 5,324 5,610 5,851 5,804 1.1 4.0 5.3
Niger 1,523 1,507 2,089 2,091 2,185 2,312 2,388 2,615 2,641 –0.4 2.4 4.3
Nigeria 31,452 34,978 53,102 58,731 61,903 65,740 69,981 74,179 78,333 0.8 2.4 6.6
Rwanda 1,368 1,673 2,135 2,293 2,507 2,737 2,888 3,211 3,343 2.5 –1.6 7.6
São Tomé and Príncipe .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Senegal 2,683 3,463 5,268 5,579 5,893 6,042 6,335 6,546 6,691 2.7 2.8 4.3
Seychelles 292 395 572 556 598 647 710 704 650 3.1 4.5 1.7
Sierra Leone 929 1,014 1,047 1,125 1,206 1,294 1,377 1,454 1,512 0.5 –5.3 9.5
Somalia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
South Africa 95,503 110,945 145,693 152,329 160,367 169,354 178,644 185,216 181,923 1.4 2.0 4.1
Sudan 5,525 7,062 14,821 15,579 16,564 18,434 20,308 21,697 22,678 2.4 5.4 7.3
Swaziland 470 1,033 1,592 1,632 1,668 1,715 1,776 1,818 1,840 7.4 3.1 2.6
Tanzania .. 7,547 12,367 13,335 14,318 15,282 16,375 17,593 18,652 .. 2.8 7.1
Togo 964 1,071 1,419 1,461 1,479 1,537 1,566 1,594 1,634 1.5 3.6 2.5
Uganda .. 3,215 7,542 8,055 8,565 9,489 10,287 11,183 11,973 2.3 7.4 7.8
Zambia 2,730 3,028 3,687 3,886 4,089 4,342 4,611 4,880 5,192 1.0 0.2 5.4
Zimbabwe 3,699 5,691 5,069 4,720 4,431 4,284 4,127 3,415 3,609 3.3 2.7 –7.5
NORTH AFRICA 118,981 178,165 273,922 286,676 301,162 318,159 334,909 352,333 365,307 4.2 3.2 4.8
Algeria 35,291 46,367 62,918 66,190 69,565 70,956 73,085 74,839 76,411 2.9 1.7 4.0
Egypt, Arab Rep. 38,506 65,579 109,198 113,666 118,749 126,876 135,869 145,592 152,360 5.5 4.3 4.9
Libya .. .. 36,180 37,771 41,511 43,960 46,598 48,368 49,384 .. .. 5.4
Morocco 20,086 29,312 43,735 45,835 47,201 50,863 52,240 55,158 57,888 4.2 2.4 5.0
Tunisia 8,622 12,237 21,891 23,213 24,136 25,503 27,118 28,376 29,265 3.2 4.6 4.9
ALL AFRICA 348,882 452,854 657,068 693,666 731,462 775,424 821,680 863,841 885,368 2.6 2.7 5.0
a. Provisional.
Constant prices
(2000 $ millions) Annual average growth (%)
Ta
b
le
Annual growth (%)
1980 1990 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009a
Annual average
1980–89 1990–99 2000–09
2.3
Gross domestic product growth
SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA 4.0 1.1 4.2 6.2 5.7 6.3 6.5 5.1 1.7 2.2 2.1 4.6
Excluding South Africa 1.7 2.1 5.0 7.3 6.0 6.7 7.0 5.9 3.6 2.1 2.5 5.2
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria 0.7 0.6 3.5 6.3 6.2 6.8 7.2 5.9 3.1 2.5 2.4 5.0
Angola .. –0.3 3.3 11.2 20.6 18.6 20.3 13.3 0.7 4.2 1.0 10.9
Benin 6.8 3.2 3.9 3.1 2.9 4.1 4.6 5.1 3.8 3.1 4.5 4.3
Botswana 12.0 6.8 6.3 6.0 1.6 5.1 4.8 3.1 –3.7 11.5 5.3 4.2
Burkina Faso 0.8 –0.6 8.0 4.6 6.4 5.5 3.6 5.0 3.5 3.7 5.1 5.0
Burundi 1.0 3.5 –1.2 4.8 0.9 5.1 3.6 4.5 3.5 4.3 –1.4 2.7
Cameroon –2.0 –6.1 4.0 3.7 2.3 3.2 3.5 2.9 2.0 4.0 0.4 3.4
Cape Verde .. 0.7 6.2 –0.7 11.9 10.1 8.6 6.5 2.8 6.4 5.2 6.0
Central African Republic –4.5 –2.1 –7.6 1.0 2.4 3.8 3.7 2.2 2.4 0.9 1.3 1.0
Chad –6.0 –4.2 14.7 33.6 17.3 0.2 0.2 –0.4 –1.6 5.4 2.2 8.3
Comoros .. 5.1 2.5 –0.2 4.2 1.2 0.5 1.0 1.8 2.7 1.6 2.0
Congo, Dem. Rep. 2.2 –6.6 5.8 6.6 6.5 5.1 6.3 6.2 2.7 1.8 –5.5 3.4
Congo, Rep. 17.6 1.0 0.8 3.5 7.8 6.1 –1.6 5.6 7.6 6.8 0.8 4.6
Côte d’Ivoire –11.0 –1.1 –1.6 1.8 1.3 0.7 1.7 2.2 3.6 –0.2 2.6 0.5
Djibouti .. .. 3.2 3.8 3.2 4.8 5.1 5.8 5.0 .. –2.0 3.6
Equatorial Guinea .. 3.3 14.0 38.0 9.7 1.3 21.4 11.3 –5.4 0.9 20.2 18.5
Eritrea .. .. –2.7 1.5 2.6 –1.0 1.3 –9.8 3.6 .. 8.1 –0.6
Ethiopia .. 2.7 –2.2 13.6 11.8 10.8 11.5 10.8 8.7 2.4 2.7 8.1
Gabon 2.6 5.2 2.5 1.3 3.0 1.2 5.6 2.3 –1.0 1.9 2.5 1.5
Gambia, The 6.3 3.6 6.9 7.1 5.1 6.6 6.3 6.1 4.6 3.9 3.1 5.1
Ghana 0.5 3.3 5.2 5.6 5.9 6.4 6.5 8.4 4.7 2.0 4.3 5.5
Guinea .. 4.3 5.4 2.3 3.0 2.5 1.8 4.9 –0.3 4.5 4.3 2.8
Guinea-Bissau –16.0 6.1 –2.9 3.1 5.0 2.2 0.3 3.5 3.0 2.9 2.0 1.5
Kenya 5.6 4.2 2.9 5.1 5.9 6.3 7.0 1.6 2.6 4.2 2.2 3.6
Lesotho –2.7 6.5 4.3 2.3 1.1 6.5 2.4 4.5 0.9 2.1 4.1 3.3
Liberia –4.1 –51.0 –31.3 2.6 5.3 7.8 9.4 7.1 4.6 –4.5 1.2 3.8
Madagascar 0.8 3.1 9.8 5.3 4.6 5.0 6.2 7.1 –3.7 0.4 1.6 3.2
Malawi 0.4 5.7 5.5 5.5 2.6 7.7 5.8 8.6 7.6 1.7 4.1 4.2
Mali –4.3 –1.9 7.4 2.2 6.1 5.3 4.3 4.9 4.3 0.6 3.6 5.4
Mauritania 3.4 –1.8 5.6 5.2 5.4 19.4 –5.7 3.7 –1.1 2.2 2.6 3.8
Mauritius –10.1 7.2 3.7 5.7 1.2 3.9 5.5 5.1 2.1 4.3 5.2 4.1
Mozambique .. 1.0 6.0 7.9 8.4 8.7 7.3 6.7 6.3 0.4 5.5 7.3
Namibia .. 2.5 4.2 12.3 2.5 7.1 5.4 4.3 –0.8 1.1 4.1 4.4
Niger –2.2 –1.3 5.3 0.1 4.5 5.8 3.3 9.5 1.0 0.0 1.9 3.8
Nigeria 4.2 8.2 10.3 10.6 5.4 6.2 6.4 6.0 5.6 0.9 3.1 6.1
Rwanda 9.0 –2.4 2.2 7.4 9.3 9.2 5.5 11.2 4.1 3.2 2.1 7.7
São Tomé and Príncipe .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Senegal –3.3 –0.7 6.7 5.9 5.6 2.5 4.9 3.3 2.2 2.4 2.7 4.0
Seychelles –4.2 7.0 –5.9 –2.9 7.5 8.3 9.7 –0.9 –7.6 2.1 4.9 1.1
Sierra Leone 4.8 3.4 9.3 7.5 7.2 7.3 6.4 5.5 4.0 1.1 –4.3 9.7
Somalia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
South Africa 6.6 –0.3 2.9 4.6 5.3 5.6 5.5 3.7 –1.8 2.2 1.4 3.6
Sudan 1.5 –5.5 7.1 5.1 6.3 11.3 10.2 6.8 4.5 3.4 4.4 7.1
Swaziland 12.4 9.8 3.9 2.5 2.2 2.9 3.5 2.4 1.2 8.6 3.7 3.1
Tanzania .. 7.0 6.9 7.8 7.4 6.7 7.1 7.4 6.0 3.8 3.3 6.8
Togo 14.6 –0.2 2.7 3.0 1.2 3.9 1.9 1.8 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.0
Uganda .. 6.5 6.5 6.8 6.3 10.8 8.4 8.7 7.1 3.0 7.1 7.2
Zambia 3.0 –0.5 5.1 5.4 5.2 6.2 6.2 5.8 6.4 1.4 0.4 5.2
Zimbabwe 14.4 7.0 –17.2 –6.9 –6.1 –3.3 –3.7 –17.3 5.7 5.2 2.6 –5.9
NORTH AFRICA 5.2 4.0 5.9 4.7 5.1 5.6 5.3 5.2 3.7 4.3 3.3 4.5
Algeria 0.8 0.8 6.9 5.2 5.1 2.0 3.0 2.4 2.1 2.8 1.6 3.6
Egypt, Arab Rep. 10.0 5.7 3.2 4.1 4.5 6.8 7.1 7.2 4.6 5.9 4.3 4.9
Libya .. .. 13.0 4.4 9.9 5.9 6.0 3.8 2.1 .. .. 4.3
Morocco 3.6 4.0 6.3 4.8 3.0 7.8 2.7 5.6 4.9 3.9 2.8 4.8
Tunisia 7.4 7.9 5.6 6.0 4.0 5.7 6.3 4.6 3.1 3.6 5.1 4.7
ALL AFRICA 4.4 2.2 4.9 5.6 5.4 6.0 6.0 5.1 2.5 2.9 2.5 4.6
Ta
b
le
2.4
Gross domestic product per capita, real
SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA 587 530 528 547 564 585 608 623 618 –0.9 –0.6 2.6
Excluding South Africa 367 338 350 365 378 393 410 423 428 –0.8 –0.2 3.1
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria 347 332 338 350 362 377 394 406 408 –0.2 –0.3 2.8
Angola .. 794 712 767 899 1,036 1,213 1,339 1,313 .. –2.4 9.9
Benin 305 294 349 348 347 349 354 360 363 –0.4 1.3 0.6
Botswana 1,227 2,512 3,764 3,941 3,954 4,099 4,233 4,300 4,082 7.6 2.5 3.0
Burkina Faso 160 177 245 248 255 260 260 264 264 1.4 2.8 1.9
Burundi 135 152 107 109 107 109 110 111 112 1.2 –3.4 0.2
Cameroon 698 719 670 678 678 684 692 696 694 1.4 –1.6 1.0
Cape Verde .. 854 1,325 1,294 1,426 1,547 1,657 1,739 1,763 .. 3.4 4.8
Central African Republic 324 278 223 222 223 227 231 232 233 –1.2 –0.9 –1.0
Chad 144 181 206 265 301 293 285 277 265 3.4 –0.6 6.7
Comoros 405 416 387 378 386 382 375 370 367 0.0 –1.1 –0.3
Congo, Dem. Rep. 258 207 83 86 89 91 94 97 97 –1.3 –8.8 2.1
Congo, Rep. 962 1,143 1,081 1,092 1,151 1,197 1,157 1,199 1,267 2.1 –1.4 1.8
Côte d’Ivoire 918 658 548 546 541 533 530 530 536 –3.2 –0.3 –1.3
Djibouti .. 1,178 767 782 793 816 843 876 904 .. –4.7 2.1
Equatorial Guinea .. 547 4,796 6,439 6,877 6,779 8,017 8,692 8,011 .. 15.2 13.6
Eritrea .. .. 167 163 161 154 151 132 133 .. .. –3.4
Ethiopia .. 129 124 137 150 162 176 189 201 .. –0.7 5.7
Gabon 5,274 4,640 4,020 3,993 4,034 4,004 4,148 4,168 4,054 –1.6 –0.9 0.1
Gambia, The 346 340 321 333 340 351 363 375 382 –0.2 –0.8 2.1
Ghana 239 218 272 280 290 302 315 335 343 –1.1 1.6 3.5
Guinea .. 340 395 397 400 402 401 411 400 .. 1.0 1.0
Guinea-Bissau 137 182 139 140 143 143 140 142 143 2.8 –1.6 –1.4
Kenya 435 450 401 411 424 439 457 452 452 0.3 –1.0 1.7
Lesotho 293 315 419 424 424 448 455 471 471 0.3 2.1 2.1
Liberia 728 200 131 131 133 138 144 148 148 –6.7 –1.9 –3.5
Madagascar 360 290 237 242 246 252 260 271 255 –2.4 –1.7 0.8
Malawi 161 132 138 141 141 148 152 160 168 –2.4 1.4 1.9
Mali 214 188 270 269 278 286 292 299 304 –1.0 2.1 2.8
Mauritania 454 410 420 430 441 514 472 478 462 –0.6 0.2 2.0
Mauritius 1,573 2,579 4,069 4,266 4,284 4,419 4,634 4,839 4,917 4.8 3.6 2.9
Mozambique 203 185 277 291 308 326 342 357 371 –1.0 2.8 5.2
Namibia 2,262 1,828 2,233 2,460 2,475 2,599 2,686 2,747 2,673 –2.2 1.6 3.3
Niger 257 191 171 166 167 170 169 178 173 –2.8 –1.2 0.5
Nigeria 422 359 396 427 439 456 474 491 506 –2.4 0.0 4.0
Rwanda 263 234 246 260 279 297 306 330 334 –1.1 –0.9 5.1
São Tomé and Príncipe .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Senegal 476 460 492 508 522 522 533 536 534 0.0 0.3 1.6
Seychelles 4,532 5,645 6,913 6,740 7,209 7,651 8,350 8,092 7,389 1.8 2.9 0.9
Sierra Leone 285 248 221 229 236 246 254 261 265 –1.7 –5.7 5.8
Somalia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
South Africa 3,463 3,152 3,159 3,264 3,398 3,548 3,702 3,796 3,689 –0.8 –0.7 2.8
Sudan 269 261 399 411 428 466 502 525 537 0.5 2.8 5.0
Swaziland 780 1,196 1,437 1,463 1,483 1,509 1,542 1,557 1,553 4.1 0.7 1.6
Tanzania .. 297 335 351 367 381 397 414 426 .. –0.2 4.2
Togo 346 273 249 250 247 250 249 247 247 –2.3 –0.4 –0.1
Uganda .. 181 281 290 298 320 336 353 366 .. 3.7 4.3
Zambia 473 383 329 339 348 361 375 387 401 –2.0 –2.5 3.0
Zimbabwe 508 544 405 378 355 344 332 274 288 0.3 0.1 –7.4
NORTH AFRICA 1,290 1,480 1,808 1,862 1,925 2,001 2,073 2,147 2,191 1.3 1.3 3.1
Algeria 1,876 1,834 1,973 2,045 2,117 2,128 2,159 2,177 2,190 –0.1 –0.3 2.5
Egypt, Arab Rep. 867 1,135 1,470 1,501 1,539 1,614 1,697 1,786 1,836 2.6 2.1 3.0
Libya .. .. 6,364 6,509 7,009 7,272 7,554 7,685 7,692 .. .. 3.3
Morocco 1,027 1,182 1,467 1,520 1,548 1,649 1,673 1,745 1,809 1.3 0.9 3.8
Tunisia 1,351 1,501 2,225 2,337 2,407 2,518 2,652 2,748 2,805 0.6 3.0 3.9
ALL AFRICA 727 712 749 773 796 825 854 877 879 –0.2 0.0 2.6
a. Provisional.
Constant prices
(2000 $) Annual average growth (%)
Ta
b
le
Annual growth (%)
1980 1990 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009a
Annual average
1980–89 1990–99 2000–09
2.5
Gross domestic product per capita growth
SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA 1.0 –1.6 1.6 3.6 3.2 3.7 3.9 2.5 –0.8 –0.7 –0.6 2.1
Excluding South Africa –1.3 –0.7 2.3 4.6 3.3 4.0 4.3 3.3 1.1 –0.9 –0.2 2.6
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria –2.3 –2.3 0.9 3.6 3.5 4.1 4.5 3.2 0.4 –0.4 –0.4 2.3
Angola .. –3.1 0.1 7.8 17.1 15.3 17.1 10.4 –1.9 1.5 –1.9 7.7
Benin 3.8 –0.1 0.4 –0.3 –0.5 0.8 1.3 1.8 0.6 0.2 1.1 0.9
Botswana 8.0 3.7 5.0 4.7 0.3 3.7 3.3 1.6 –5.1 7.9 3.2 2.7
Burkina Faso –1.4 –3.3 4.6 1.2 2.8 2.0 0.1 1.5 0.1 1.2 2.2 1.6
Burundi –1.9 0.9 –3.9 1.8 –2.1 2.0 0.5 1.4 0.6 1.0 –2.8 0.0
Cameroon –4.8 –8.9 1.6 1.3 0.0 0.9 1.2 0.6 –0.3 1.0 –2.2 1.1
Cape Verde .. –1.5 4.4 –2.3 10.2 8.5 7.1 5.0 1.4 4.2 3.0 4.4
Central African Republic –7.0 –4.4 –9.2 –0.8 0.6 1.9 1.8 0.3 0.5 –1.6 –1.2 –0.9
Chad –8.0 –7.2 10.6 29.1 13.6 –2.8 –2.6 –3.1 –4.2 2.6 –1.0 4.9
Comoros .. 2.4 0.3 –2.3 2.1 –0.9 –1.9 –1.4 –0.6 0.1 –0.7 –0.2
Congo, Dem. Rep. –0.7 –9.9 2.5 3.4 3.3 2.1 3.3 3.3 0.0 –1.2 –8.5 0.4
Congo, Rep. 14.0 –1.8 –1.7 1.0 5.4 4.0 –3.4 3.7 5.6 3.6 –1.4 2.4
Côte d’Ivoire –15.0 –4.6 –3.6 –0.3 –0.9 –1.5 –0.6 –0.1 1.2 –4.3 –0.7 –1.8
Djibouti .. .. 1.3 2.0 1.4 2.9 3.2 3.9 3.2 .. –4.5 1.6
Equatorial Guinea .. –0.1 10.8 34.2 6.8 –1.4 18.3 8.4 –7.8 –2.9 16.3 15.3
Eritrea .. .. –6.7 –2.6 –1.2 –4.3 –1.9 –12.5 0.6 .. 6.5 –4.1
Ethiopia .. –0.6 –4.7 10.7 9.0 8.0 8.6 7.9 5.9 –0.8 –0.5 5.3
Gabon –0.3 1.9 0.4 –0.7 1.0 –0.7 3.6 0.5 –2.7 –1.2 –0.5 –0.5
Gambia, The 2.7 –0.5 3.5 3.8 2.0 3.5 3.4 3.2 1.8 0.2 –0.7 1.9
Ghana –1.9 0.5 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.1 4.2 6.2 2.5 –1.0 1.5 3.2
Guinea .. 0.6 3.5 0.4 1.0 0.4 –0.4 2.6 –2.6 1.4 1.0 0.8
Guinea-Bissau –18.5 3.6 –5.3 0.6 2.6 –0.1 –1.9 1.2 0.7 0.8 –0.5 –0.9
Kenya 1.7 0.7 0.3 2.4 3.2 3.6 4.2 –1.1 –0.1 0.4 –0.8 1.0
Lesotho –5.2 4.9 3.3 1.3 0.1 5.5 1.5 3.6 0.0 –0.1 2.4 2.2
Liberia –7.3 –50.0 –33.1 –0.2 1.8 3.6 4.7 2.4 0.3 –6.2 –2.3 –0.4
Madagascar –1.8 0.1 6.7 2.3 1.7 2.2 3.4 4.3 –6.2 –2.3 –1.4 0.4
Malawi –2.6 1.8 2.6 2.6 –0.2 4.7 2.9 5.6 4.7 –2.4 1.8 1.2
Mali –6.0 –3.8 4.9 –0.2 3.6 2.8 1.9 2.4 1.9 –1.3 1.6 3.0
Mauritania 0.5 –4.3 2.7 2.4 2.7 16.4 –8.0 1.2 –3.3 –0.5 –0.1 1.1
Mauritius –11.4 6.4 2.6 4.8 0.4 3.1 4.9 4.4 1.6 3.3 4.0 3.3
Mozambique .. –0.3 3.2 5.1 5.7 6.0 4.8 4.3 4.0 –0.6 2.6 4.6
Namibia .. –1.3 2.3 10.2 0.6 5.0 3.3 2.3 –2.7 –2.2 1.4 2.4
Niger –5.1 –4.3 1.8 –3.3 0.8 1.9 –0.6 5.3 –2.9 –2.8 –1.4 0.1
Nigeria 1.2 5.4 7.7 8.0 2.9 3.7 4.0 3.6 3.2 –1.8 0.5 3.6
Rwanda 5.4 –2.0 0.5 5.8 7.2 6.6 2.8 8.2 1.2 –0.4 1.3 4.5
São Tomé and Príncipe .. .. 3.6 4.8 3.9 5.0 4.3 4.1 2.4 .. .. 4.7
Senegal –6.0 –3.5 3.9 3.2 2.9 –0.1 2.1 0.6 –0.4 –0.5 –0.1 1.3
Seychelles –5.4 6.1 –4.9 –2.5 7.0 6.1 9.1 –3.1 –8.7 1.2 3.3 0.2
Sierra Leone 2.6 2.1 4.8 3.3 3.4 3.9 3.5 2.9 1.5 –1.2 –4.5 6.2
Somalia –9.0 –1.9 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.9 –1.9 ..
South Africa 4.2 –2.3 1.6 3.3 4.1 4.4 4.3 2.5 –2.8 –0.3 –0.8 2.2
Sudan –1.7 –7.7 5.0 3.0 4.1 8.9 7.7 4.5 2.2 0.5 1.8 4.9
Swaziland 9.1 6.0 3.3 1.9 1.4 1.8 2.2 1.0 –0.3 4.8 1.2 2.0
Tanzania .. 3.7 4.1 4.9 4.4 3.8 4.1 4.4 3.0 0.6 0.2 3.9
Togo 11.1 –3.0 0.1 0.4 –1.3 1.3 –0.6 –0.7 0.0 –0.9 –0.3 –0.6
Uganda .. 2.7 3.1 3.4 2.9 7.2 4.9 5.2 3.6 –0.5 4.1 3.8
Zambia –0.3 –3.4 2.8 3.1 2.8 3.7 3.7 3.3 3.8 –1.7 –2.4 2.7
Zimbabwe 10.4 3.9 –17.1 –6.7 –6.0 –3.2 –3.6 –17.3 5.2 1.4 0.6 –6.0
NORTH AFRICA 2.4 1.6 4.3 3.0 3.4 4.0 3.6 3.5 2.1 1.5 1.3 2.8
Algeria –2.5 –1.7 5.3 3.6 3.5 0.5 1.5 0.9 0.6 –0.3 –0.4 2.1
Egypt, Arab Rep. 7.4 3.2 1.2 2.1 2.5 4.9 5.1 5.2 2.8 3.2 2.3 2.9
Libya .. .. 10.7 2.3 7.7 3.8 3.9 1.7 0.1 .. .. 2.2
Morocco 1.0 2.1 5.2 3.7 1.8 6.5 1.5 4.3 3.7 1.4 1.2 3.5
Tunisia 4.6 5.4 4.9 5.1 3.0 4.6 5.3 3.6 2.1 1.0 3.3 3.6
ALL AFRICA 1.4 –0.6 2.5 3.1 3.0 3.6 3.5 2.7 0.2 0.0 –0.1 2.2
Ta
b
le
2.6
Gross national income, nominal
SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA 261,499 284,576 425,226 529,902 616,553 728,169 827,908 947,512 909,888 0.9 1.8 15.1
Excluding South Africa 186,001 176,977 261,709 315,160 374,531 472,616 551,831 680,851 631,533 –1.0 1.5 16.7
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria 120,669 151,469 201,604 236,870 275,384 330,873 397,306 485,559 468,215 2.8 1.1 15.4
Angola .. 8,214 12,230 17,295 26,601 39,679 50,485 69,675 67,478 .. –2.4 33.5
Benin 1,402 1,806 3,515 4,006 4,259 4,623 5,428 6,672 6,646 2.1 3.7 13.8
Botswana 1,028 3,686 7,368 9,089 9,420 10,482 11,647 12,843 11,341 10.8 4.2 11.0
Burkina Faso 1,924 3,094 4,269 5,102 5,411 5,756 6,752 7,932 8,019 4.8 0.0 14.2
Burundi 922 1,117 577 646 776 910 974 1,165 1,331 1.9 –3.3 8.5
Cameroon 5,618 10,674 13,097 15,374 16,126 17,706 20,608 23,407 22,059 9.0 –2.4 12.0
Cape Verde .. 340 781 907 966 1,063 1,305 1,484 1,499 .. 6.2 13.8
Central African Republic 800 1,465 1,137 1,268 1,348 1,473 1,702 1,966 1,983 7.8 –4.3 9.5
Chad 1,038 1,721 2,279 3,720 4,277 4,888 5,817 6,687 6,124 5.5 –1.2 20.7
Comoros 124 249 322 360 386 404 467 530 535 7.9 –2.0 12.0
Congo, Dem. Rep. 14,102 8,579 5,485 6,276 6,760 8,143 9,621 10,266 9,831 –6.8 –7.0 12.0
Congo, Rep. 1,544 2,324 2,580 3,159 4,039 5,105 5,747 8,728 6,869 1.9 –5.2 18.1
Côte d’Ivoire 9,680 9,209 13,018 14,763 15,643 16,589 18,911 22,438 22,406 1.3 3.3 10.7
Djibouti .. .. 673 731 776 854 936 1,073 1,120 .. 1.3 8.4
Equatorial Guinea .. 124 1,392 2,312 4,173 5,163 6,674 11,868 6,715 .. 16.9 35.3
Eritrea .. .. 761 923 1,162 1,272 1,365 1,642 1,856 .. 7.3 13.7
Ethiopia .. 12,016 8,473 9,971 12,250 15,095 19,196 25,931 28,489 5.8 –5.8 17.0
Gabon 3,856 5,336 5,342 5,987 7,708 7,902 10,044 12,364 9,549 –0.1 –1.9 13.2
Gambia, The 237 291 336 366 418 460 597 776 690 1.6 3.7 8.5
Ghana 4,426 5,774 7,459 8,674 10,590 20,261 24,494 28,268 25,871 2.9 2.6 25.3
Guinea .. 2,518 3,201 3,391 2,658 2,496 3,819 3,321 3,692 .. 3.3 1.9
Guinea-Bissau 105 233 463 524 579 588 681 834 826 3.4 –0.7 20.2
Kenya 7,043 8,224 14,738 15,955 18,732 22,540 27,208 30,134 29,311 2.6 8.3 12.0
Lesotho 695 902 1,202 1,515 1,619 1,797 1,995 2,014 1,934 –0.2 1.5 11.5
Liberia 930 .. 350 373 417 444 560 673 645 –3.2 .. 6.3
Madagascar 4,024 2,958 5,394 4,285 4,960 5,435 7,288 9,372 8,498 –6.0 3.8 9.6
Malawi 1,138 1,837 2,385 2,582 2,714 3,078 3,437 4,051 4,656 2.2 0.2 11.1
Mali 1,768 2,405 4,203 4,679 5,099 5,524 7,146 8,722 8,996 2.8 0.1 17.0
Mauritania 672 1,076 1,343 1,613 1,922 2,334 2,828 3,619 3,041 4.8 1.8 15.3
Mauritius 1,113 2,631 5,580 6,371 6,276 6,559 7,746 9,482 8,874 9.1 5.7 8.9
Mozambique 3,550 2,320 4,469 5,398 6,219 6,472 7,445 9,239 9,696 –5.6 8.6 11.9
Namibia 1,818 2,388 5,163 6,689 7,149 7,928 8,629 8,752 9,174 0.2 4.5 12.8
Niger 2,476 2,423 2,718 3,039 3,397 3,645 4,246 5,338 5,281 0.1 –1.7 13.8
Nigeria 61,079 25,585 59,996 78,110 98,881 141,275 154,068 194,690 162,901 –12.5 3.7 20.8
Rwanda 1,165 2,572 1,816 2,055 2,554 3,083 3,724 4,656 5,179 8.5 –2.0 15.1
São Tomé and Príncipe .. .. .. .. 111 127 151 178 194 .. .. ..
Senegal 3,403 5,520 6,766 7,949 8,546 9,290 11,238 13,127 12,778 6.1 –1.6 13.6
Seychelles 142 355 663 666 844 924 954 823 655 8.9 5.9 4.0
Sierra Leone 1,071 580 958 1,034 1,176 1,364 1,629 1,916 1,901 –4.8 1.5 13.3
Somalia 603 835 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.5 .. ..
South Africa 77,378 107,746 163,610 214,782 242,122 255,872 276,534 267,509 279,023 4.2 2.2 12.2
Sudan 7,570 11,409 16,428 19,990 25,397 33,503 41,985 52,236 49,255 9.7 1.9 20.9
Swaziland .. 1,174 1,754 2,284 2,702 2,684 2,991 2,833 2,874 .. 4.5 10.7
Tanzania .. 4,072 11,601 12,775 14,114 14,331 16,839 20,731 21,385 .. 10.6 9.3
Togo 1,096 1,598 1,736 2,033 2,073 2,180 2,478 2,892 2,850 4.6 –0.1 10.2
Uganda 1,237 4,227 6,219 8,338 8,771 9,679 11,664 14,161 15,711 20.7 9.1 12.5
Zambia 3,594 3,008 4,231 5,026 6,761 9,506 10,026 12,982 11,444 –4.1 0.7 19.2
Zimbabwe 6,530 8,512 5,439 5,388 5,308 4,890 4,654 3,879 5,213 –0.2 –1.7 –4.0
NORTH AFRICA 103,183 159,989 257,561 289,635 332,058 390,836 469,628 580,537 542,401 4.9 5.4 11.8
Algeria 41,147 59,955 65,319 81,414 97,259 112,669 134,004 169,689 139,577 4.5 –1.3 15.1
Egypt, Arab Rep. 21,453 42,025 82,816 78,638 89,432 108,015 131,650 164,196 188,575 7.5 11.2 7.6
Libya .. .. 24,603 33,139 43,719 57,559 74,070 93,533 61,985 .. .. 22.8
Morocco 18,402 24,835 48,783 55,961 58,760 64,703 74,246 87,411 89,489 3.3 5.3 11.7
Tunisia 8,450 11,882 23,957 26,895 27,309 29,553 33,625 38,471 37,328 2.0 6.0 9.1
ALL AFRICA 369,585 448,242 684,475 822,420 952,088 1,123,145 1,301,612 1,531,638 1,456,113 2.1 3.0 13.9
a. Provisional.
Current prices
($ millions) Annual average growth (%)
