Espanol 2 - 2nd Semester Study Guide
PreteriteWhen is it used?_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Some key words and expressions that clearly show that the preterite is needed are:
one time- _ _ _ _ _ __ one day- _ _ _ _ _ __
yesterday- _ _ _ _ __ last night- _ _ _ _ _ __
the day before yesterday - _ _ _ _ _ __ last year- _ _ _ _ _ __
on Friday- _ _ _ _ _ __ at two o'clock- _ _ _ _ _ __
three days ago - _ _ _ _ _ __ on May gth _ _ _ _ _ __ Regular Preterite Endings
--AR
Choose a regular verb for each and conjugae in the preterite.
(-ar),____ (-er),_ _ __ (-ir)._ _ __
Fill in the blanks with the correct fonn of the regular verb in the preterite.
1. Yo (viajar), _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ aEspafia con mi familia la prirmvera pasada 2. Nosotros (visitar)c._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ la ciudad de Sevilla. 3. Mi esposo (aprender) mucha infonnaci6n sobre los festivales alli. 4. Nosotros (decidir) asistir a la Feria de Abril. 5. Nuestro taxi(llegar) a la Feria a las once de la mafiana Spelling Changes in the Yo Form (-gar, -car, -zar)
-car C7_
)
Fill in the blanks with the correct fonn of the car/gar/zar verb in the preterite. 6. Los estudiantes (sacar), _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ la tarea.
7. Yo Gugar) al bisquetbol en el parque.
8. l,(Pagar) tu el boleto?
Irregular Verbs
Fill in the blanks with the correct fonn of the irregular verb in the preterite. Dar
9. Yo le _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mi pisaporte al agente de aduana
10. Rall! le un regalo a su novia.
11. Nosotros le los papeles al maestro.
12. Marta y Teresa me el dinero.
13. TU no me nada para mi cumplean.os.
14. Felipe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ la televisi6n anoche.
15. Yo una pelicula romafltica.
16. tu a Diego en la fiesta?
17. Uds. los letreros, iverdad?
I 8. Teodoro y yo a Enrique en la timda
Ir/Ser
19. iQuien _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ contigoal cine?
20. tll a Mexico para las vacaciones?
21. Yo a labiblioteca para estudiar.
22. Nosotros al restamante juntos.
23. Los chicos al gimnasio apracticar.
Answer the questions with complete sentences in the preterite. 24. iQue te dio el mesero?
25. iQue viste en el cine anoche? 26. l,Ad6nde fuiste el domingo?
PRETERITE TENSE Irregular Verbs -have Root changes in all forms Venir ( to come) Decir ( !Q ~!Q tell) Conducir ( !Q drive)
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Traer(!Qbring)•
Estar (!Q~) IMPERFECT TENSE All verbs are regular; except/or three verbs! Venir _is regularAndar is regular Poder is regular Caber is regular Decir is regular
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Conducir is regular Traer is regular Estar is regular Poner is reg,.1/ar 3 PRESENT TENSESome ofthese have irregular yo form Some have Root changes
Venir ( go-go, e-ie)
Andar is regular
Poder ( o-ue)
Caber is regular
Decir (go-go, e-i)
Conducir ( c- zc)
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Traer (go-go, e-i )Estar ( a DOY ver?, accents on 4)
Poner (go-go,)
Hacer is regular Hacer ( go-go )
Answer the questions with complete sentences in the µ-eterite. 28. ,..__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ til la tarea para hoy?
29. Yo no nadaanoche.
30. Mis padres y yo nuestras maletas.
31. Mi mama un pastel para mi cumpleaiios.
32. Carolina y tU las ca mas, j,no?
Producir Producir is regular Producir ( c- zc)
Querer is regular
Saber is regular Sabrer ( has a short Yo form)
Tener Tener is regular Tener ( go-go, e-ie )
Traducir is regular Traducir ( c- zc)
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Haber is very irregular and U only conjugatesin the 3'd person sing,.iar; ud., ii and ella person
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Answer the questions in complete sentences in the preterite tense.33. £,Que trajiste a la escuela hoy? 36. £,Quien vino contigo a la esctela hoy? 34. £,Quien te trajo a la escuela hoy?
35. £,Tuviste que estudiar para un examenanoche? 37. £,Pudiste hacer tu tarea anoche? 4
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Fill in the blank with the correct fonn of the verb in the Preterit38. Nadie (venir),_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a la fiesta de Lupe. 39. i,(venir),_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ tll ala escuela a tiempo? 40. Maria (estar), _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ enfenno ayer. 41. Mis padres (estar) enqjados cuanOO volvi tarde. 42. Esteban me (recir) su secreto imJX)rtante.
Past Progressive
The past progressive is the _ _ _ _ tense of the verb estar and a participle (-ando / -iendo I yendo).
When is it used?,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ The fonns of es tar in the imperfect tense are:
e s t a r ~ - - - ~
yo_____ nosotros._ _ _ __
tll vosotros _ _ _ __
el, ella, Ud. ellos, ellas, Uds .._ _ __
Fill in the 1st blank with the imperfect fonn of estar and the 2nd blank with the puticiple (ing) of the verb. 43. Los jugadores (estar)c___ _ _ _ _ _ _(hacer)._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ejercicio.
44. Felipe (estar) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (nadar)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ en la pleya. 45. Los estudiantes (estar), _ _ _ _ _ _ _(patinar),_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ en el hielo. 46. i,(Estar),_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (oir)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ tll la mllsica? 47. i,(Estar),_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (servir)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ellosen la cafeteria hoy?
Stem Changes (Shoe Verbs)
Stem-changing-ir verbs in the preterite:
Stem-changing -ir verbs in the preterite do not stem change except for the *3rd p/s: ud/el/ella and *3rd p/pl: uds/ellos'ellas fonns. Verbs that charge e--ie or e-i in the present tense change e-i in the preterite tense for past and present Verbs that change o--ue in the present tense change o-u in the preterite tense and participles for past and present
*Other verbs like this one include:
Definition/Participle Definition/Participle Repetir (e-i)-----~le___ _ _ mentir (e-ie) = _ _ _ _ _/,_ _ __ servir(e----i)- / preferir(e----ie)- _ _ _ _1/_ _ _ __ pedir(e----i)= / sentirse{e----ie)- _ _ _ _/,_ _ __
competir(e----i)= I morir(o-u)= /
vestirse(e-i)- I donnir{o-u)= /
l
Llena el espacio con la fonna correcta del verbo en pafentesis en el preterito.. 48. La profesora (repetir), _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ la pregunta dos \eCeS. 49. Entre las varias bebklas, yo (preferir)c___ _ _ _ _ _ _ el jugo de uvas. 50. Los equipos {competir) para el campeonato ayer.
51. £,Que (pedir) tll? i,El pescado o eljam6n?
52. El mesero (servir) la comida 13.pidamente.
Llena el espacio con la fonna correcta del verbo en pafentesis.
53. El tlo de Pablo tuvo un accidente de coche muy grave, pero no (morir)_ _ _~ 54. Doce personas (morir). _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ en el desastre. 55. Yo (donnir) hasta las ocho de la maiilna ayer.
56. i,(Donnir) tu bien en tucama nueva?
57. El perro (donnir) en el sofa anoche.
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Verbs with spelling changes in the preteriteIn some verbs, the "i" of-i6 and-ieron of the third person changes to ''y"
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Llena el espacio con la fonna correcta del verbo en parentesis.
58. Hector no (leer) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _el articulo para clase. 59. i,(Oir) tll las malas noticias?
60. Yo (creer) que y.3. saliste; entonces note espere. 61. Cuando !es dije la noticias, ellos no me (creer)c._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. 62. Nosotros (leer)c._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ese libro en la clree de ingles.
Review Vocabulary from the following: Semester 1
Chapter Theme Grammar
3.1 Daily Routines Commands, Present Progressive
Review ofPresent Tense (+Reflexive Pronouns)
1.1 Leisure Activities & Travel Regular Preterite Tense: KK 1.2 Art, Theatre & Museums Irregular Preterite
1.3 News Broadcasting - - - F I N A i .
Semester2
2.1 Story Telling @when younger Regular and Irregular Imperfect 2.2 Story Telling about any event Preterite vs Imperfect, Past Progressive
2.3 Foods and Restaurants RP, IOP and DOPS---FINAJ.
;!,;! Bee-eb Vaeahnlary 0R1I Chafes Commands: Affirmative & Negative Ud/Uds
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Imperfect
When is it used? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Some key words and expressions that clearly show that the impetfect is needed are:
sometimes-_______ everyday - _ _ _ _ _ __
each day - _ _ _ _ _ __ often- _ _ _ _ _ __ while- _ _ _ _ __ a l w a y s
-on Tuesdays- _ _ _ _ _ __ it was two o'clock- _ _ _ _ _ __ it was May 81h - _ _ _ _ _ __ many t i m e s
-once in a while- _ _ _ _ _ __ I was sad - _ _ _ _ _ __ I was tall- _ _ _ _ _ __ I was 10 years old - _ _ __ Most verbs are regular in the imperfect, except for ir, ser, and ver.
There are no stem changes in
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impetfect. Regular Imperfect Endings-AR
Choose a regular verb for each and conjuga~ in the impetfect
(-ar) (-er),_ _ __ (-ir),_ _ __
Irregular Verbs in the Imperfect
!r
Preterite vs. Imperfect.
With the conjunction "cuando" both a verb in the preterite and a verb in the imperfect are generally used in the sentence. The interrupted activity (what someone was/were doing) is in the imperfect, and the irterruption is in the preterite. Example:Yo enseiiaba mi lecci6n cuando Paco se durmi6.
Sentence formula possibilities are the following:
Fill in the blank with the verb in the preterite or the imperfect.
I. La semana pasada yo (visi1ar),_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a mis padres. 2. A veces mi esposo y yo (ir) al cine. 3. Ayer Miguel no (hacer),_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ su tarea. 4. Diego y Marta (casarse) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ el quince de abril. 5. El equipo de beisbol { com~tir) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ en un partido anoche. 6. Yo (llegar),_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a la escuela a las ocho. 7. M6nica (almorzar),_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ con SI.I amiga todos losdias.
8. Yo (ir) al parque con mi hijoel sabado. 9. Teresa y Esteban (practicar) el tenis los Junes. 10. i,(Tener) tll un accid:nte de coche hace tres dias?
Direct a,rd Indirect Object mid Reflexive Pro11ouns
What is a direct object? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ What is an indirect Object? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Why is a reflexive pronoun used? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Reflexive Pronouns (used wNerb) Indirect Object Pronouns Direct Object Pronouns *Ex onp. 3 Sentirse C/ue:"a" or ''para"phrase
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Object is locatedat end ofsent.Double Object Pronouns Sentences:
When you have a DOP and an IOP in a sentence which one goes first? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ When you have a Reflexive Pronoun and a DOP sentence, which one goes first? _ _ _ _ __ If the IOP is "le, !es" and the direct object pronoun is "lo, la, los, las''the "le, Jes" charges to _ _ _. Is the answer to the above question"_" the same as a Reflexive Pronoun "se"? Yes or NO? Placement - circle before or after saying where the pronoun v.ould go with each type of word.
1. with a conjugated verb- before or after- add an accent? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 2. with an infinitive- before or after- add an accent? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 3. with a participle- before or after- add an accent? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 4. with an affirmative command- before or after- add an accent? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 5. with a negative command- before or after - add an accent? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Underline the direct object in each sentence and then rewrite using: S DOP V
l. Miguel trajo la comida a ti.
2. Yo di el libro a uds.
Underline the indirect object in each sentence and then rewrite the following: S !OP V (INFO)
1. Yo dije "hola" a mis padres. 2. Juana no dio los cubiertos a mi. 3. Yo voy a traer la seivilleta a ti.
4. La madre piensa comprara su hijo un helado. 5. Luis esta baciendo anosotros las galletas.
Rewrite the following sentences using: SIOPDOPV
I. El JX1.p3 ley6 las cuentas a sus hijos. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 2. Jaime dio el lcipiz a Pilar. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 3. Necesitas dare! dinero a mi. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 4. Tienes que decir la verdad a nosotros. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 5. Estoy vendiendo los libros a ti. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Review oftile PRESENT TENSEfrom SJ
Conjugate the subject pronom to the reflexive verb in the ~sent tense. S RP V
I. yo/ levantarse/ temprano, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 2. Felipe/ ponerse/ los zapatos _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 3. nosotros / despertarse (e-ie)/ tarde _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 4. ellos/acostarse(o-ue)/alasdiez._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Answer the following TU questions v.ith a"_ _" ansv.er and use the formula to complete the sentences.
SRPVINFO
I. lA que hora te acuestas? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 2. iA que horn te despiertas? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Rewrite each sentence in the present tense.using S RP DOP VI (V2) (orS VI V2RPDOP) l. Hector (ponerse) los calcetines.
2. Yo(cepillarse)elpelo. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 3. Ana y yo vamos a(quitarse) los al:rigos. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 4. TU necesitas (lavarse) la earn. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Verbs like Gustar
What type of pronouns do th~ verbs use? Verbs like gustar useIOP b/c of the "a phrase" clue.
FALTAR In Chapter 1.2, there are a few other verbs
In the Present tense - me orme like gustar. Name the remaining verbs.
Preterite tense - me orme !) _ _ _ _ __
Imperfect tense - me orme 2) _ _ _ _ __
IMPORTAR
In the Present tense - me orme
Preterite tense - me orme To make a negative phrase, Imperfect tense - me orme use the M & M rule MOLESTAR
In the Present tense - me orme A ml no me molesta la sal. Preterite tense - me orme
Imperfect tense - me orme A mi no me molestan los pimientos ENCANTAR
In the Present tense - me orme RECALL: It is the object of the sentence Preterite tense - me orme that conjugates the verb-not the subject! Imperfect tense - me orme
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Affirm«tive and Negative Commands Formal Commands (Ud. and
Uds.)-Who would you give an Ud. command to?,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Who would you give and Uds. command to? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Formation ofFormal Commands
Find the _ _ form of verb in the present tense
Change the o to _ _ for-ar verbs and _ _ fir-er and-ir verbs Add an _ _ ending forUds. Commands
Ifyou are going to add a NO to an Ud or Uds. command, put it _ _ _ the command
Formal Commands
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
Regular Usted Ustedes Usted Ustedes
AR Verb: Sudar isude usted! jSuden uds! iNO sude ud! jNo suden uds.! ER Verb: Comer iComa usted! jComan uds. iNo coma ud! jNo coman uds! IR Verb: Subir jSuba ustedl jSuban uds. iNo suba ud! jNo suban uds! Regular
ARVerb+RP jB3iiese usted! i Bafiense uds! iNO se bafie ud! jNo se bafien uds.! ER Verb+DOP jC6malo usted! jC6manlo uds. jNo lo coma ud! jNO lo coman uds! IR Verb+ IOPcaeJJ jEscribale usted! jEscrlbanle uds.ljNo le escriOO. udl jNo le escriban uds! VERY Irregular Formal Commands
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MEMORIZEIr jvaya ud! jvayan uds! jNo vaya udl jNo vayan uds.! dar jdeud! iden uds! jNo de udl jNo den uds.! ser jSea ud! jsean uds! jNo sea udl jNO sean uds.! estar jeSte ud! iesten udsl jNo este ud! jNo esten uds.! saber jsepa ud! jSepan uds! jNo sepa ud! jNo sepan uds.l Verbs that are irregular in their yo forms
INF