PAST SIMPLE VS. PAST PERFECT 1
PAST SIMPLE (yo abrí, tú fuiste…)
1. VERBO BE: SER O ESTAR
No tiene ninguna explicación; hay que aprendérselo porque sí
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I was (yo era/estaba) I wasn’t Was I ??
You were (tú eras/estabas) you weren’t Were you ??
He was he wasn’t Was he ??
She was she wasn’t Was she ??
It was it wasn’t Was it ??
We were we weren’t Were we ??
You were you weren’t Were you ??
They were they weren’t Were they ??
Ejemplo:
My friends ………. (be) very polite to the man on the street My friends WERE very polite to the man on the street
My friends ………. (not/be) very polite to the man on the street My friends WEREN’T very polite to the man on the street
………. (my friends/be) very polite to the man on the street ??
WERE MY FRIENDS very polite to the man on the street ??
2. El PASADO SIMPLE del resto de los verbos se forma de dos maneras distintas, depende de si el verbo es regular o irregular.
Hay una lista de verbos irregulares; si el verbo que queremos conjugar no está en esa lista, ¡¡¡ES REGULAR!!!
2.1 VERBOS REGULARES
o En afirmativo, se añade –ED o –D al verbo Todas las formas son iguales
o En negativo, se pone DIDN’T + el verbo en infinitivo Todas las formas son iguales
o En interrogativo, se pone DID + sujeto + verbo en infinitivo Todas las formas son iguales
PAST SIMPLE VS. PAST PERFECT 2
Affirmative Negative Interrogative I openED I DIDN’T openED DID I openED ??
You openED you DIDN’T openED DID you openED ??
He openED he DIDN’T openED DID he openED ??
She openED she DIDN’T openED DID she openED ??
It openED it DIDN’T openED DID it openED ??
We openED we DIDN’T openED DID we openED ??
You openED you DIDN’T openED DID you openED ??
They openED they DIDN’T openED DID they openED ??
REGLAS ORTOGRÁFICAS
Si el verbo termina en:
o –Y: Tengo que fijarme en la letra que lleva delante de la –Y:
Si la letra de delante de la –Y es una vocal, la –Y se deja y se añade –ED
Play > playED
Si la letra de delante de la –Y es una consonante, la –Y pasa a –I y se añade –ED
Study > studIED
2.2 VERBOS IRREGULARES
En la lista de verbos irregulares aparecen 3 columnas más otra de la traducción:
Infinitive Past Simple Participle
GO WENT GONE
DRINK DRANK DRUNK
La primera columna es el infinitivo (me servirá para hacer el presente, el Futuro y el Condicional)
La segunda columna es el Pasado Simple
La tercera columna es el Participio (me servirá para hacer los tiempos perfectos)
¿Cómo se conjugan los verbos irregulares?
o En afirmativo, pongo el sujeto + la segunda columna (GO WENT GONE)
PAST SIMPLE VS. PAST PERFECT 3
He ….. (go) to Edinburgh last year He WENT to Edinburgh last year
o En negativo, se pone el sujeto + DIDN’T + verbo en infinitivo (1ª columna)
He ….. (not/go) to Edinburgh last year He DIDN’T GO to Edinburgh last year
o En interrogativo, se pone el sujeto + DID + sujeto + verbo en infinitivo (1ª columna)
... (he/go) to Edinburgh last year ??
DID HE GO to Edinburgh last year ???
Todas las formas son iguales
Affirmative Negative Interrogative I went I DIDN’T GO WENT DID I GO WENT ??
You went you DIDN’T GO WENT DID you GO WENT ??
He went he DIDN’T GO WENT DID he GO WENT ??
She went she DIDN’T GO WENT DID she GO WENT ??
It went it DIDN’T GO WENT DID it GO WENT ??
We went we DIDN’T GO WENT DID we GO WENT ??
You went you DIDN’T GO WENT DID you GO WENT ??
They went they DIDN’T GO WENT DID they GO WENT ??
USOS DEL PASADO SIMPLE:
Acciones pasadas: la acción empezó y terminó.
Ejemplo:
He went home after school
Did you live in Manchester last year?
PAST PERFECT (yo había comido, etc.)
o En afirmativo se forma poniendo el sujeto + HAD + Participio*
They ….. (play) football before They HAD PLAYED football before
o En negativo se forma poniendo el sujeto + HADN’T + Participio*
They ….. (not/play) football before They HADN’T PLAYED football before
PAST SIMPLE VS. PAST PERFECT 4
o En interrogativo se forma poniendo el HAD + sujeto + Participio* ¿?
….. (they/play) football before??
HAD THEY PLAYED football before ??
* ¿Cómo se forma el participio?
o Si el verbo es regular, se añade -ED al verbo Work > workED
o Si el verbo es irregular, se pone la tercera columna see saw SEEN
Affirmative Negative Interrogative I HAD been I HADN’T been HAD I been ??
You HAD seen you HADN’T seen HAD you seen ??
He HAD worked he HADN’T worked HAD he worked ??
She HAD lived she HADN’T lived HAD she lived ??
It HAD driven it HADN’T driven HAD it driven ??
We HAD bought we HADN’T bought HAD we bought ??
You HAD asked you HADN’T asked HAD you asked ??
They HAD stayed they HADN’T stayed HAD they stayed ??
USOS DEL PAST PERFECT:
Cuando hay dos acciones pasadas, la del Past Perfect ocurrió primero
My father … (make) dinner when I … (get) home My father HAD MADE dinner when I GOT home
(Mi padre había hecho la cena (primera acción) cuando llegué a casa (segunda acción)
When we … (arrive) at the airport, the plane … (take) off When we ARRIVED at the airport, the plane HAD TAKEN off (Cuando llegamos al aeropuerto, el avión había despegado) Puede llevar los siguientes adverbios
By the time: cuando After: después de Before: Antes
PAST SIMPLE VS. PAST PERFECT 5
