Modelamiento de los transformadores de distribución para estudios de armónicos, comportamiento de las protecciones de sobrecorriente, pérdidas de energía y disminución del tiempo de vida

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(5) !;;9,-251$'$6(1,1*(1,(5Ë$(/e&75,&$<(/(&75Ï1,&$(31 /DVREUHHOHYDFLyQGHODWHPSHUDWXUDUHVSHFWRDODPELHQWH UHVXOWD ߠௌȀ்௔௠௕ ൌ ߠ்ை ൅ ߠ௚ Ԩሺ૚૝ሻ. x 3DUDFDUJDVGHFRUWDGXUDFLyQFRQVDFULILFLRPRGHUDGRGH OD HVSHUDQ]D GH YLGD VH GHEH XVDU E OD WHPSHUDWXUD Pi[LPDGLDULDSDUDHOPHVHQFXHVWLyQ 7DPELpQVHGHEHWRPDU HQFXHQWDODDOWLWXGDODTXHHVWp RSHUDQGRHOWUDQVIRUPDGRU\QRVREUHSDVDUODVWHPSHUDWXUDV DPELHQWHVHJ~QODQRUPDVHJ~QODVLJXLHQWHWDEOD. D.. $QDOL]DUHPRV HO FRPSRUWDPLHQWR GH ODV WHPSHUDWXUDV D WUDYpVGHOWLHPSR\DTXHHQHOPRPHQWRGHDSOLFDUODFDUJD OD WHPSHUDWXUD WHQGUi XQ WLHPSR GH HVWDELOL]DFLyQ TXH QR VHUi LQPHGLDWR (VH IDFWRU GH WLHPSR SDUD OD HVWDELOL]DFLyQ GHODWHPSHUDWXUDORGHVFULEHQODVHFXDFLRQHVVLJXLHQWHV /D IXQFLyQ f2(t) GHVFULEH HO DXPHQWR UHODWLYR GH OD YDULDFLyQ GH OD WHPSHUDWXUD GHO QLYHO VXSHULRU GHO DFHLWH GH DFXHUGR FRQ OD XQLGDG GHO YDORU GH HVWDGR HVWDFLRQDULR 0RGHOD SULQFLSDOPHQWH HO KHFKR GH TXH VH QHFHVLWD DOJ~Q WLHPSRDQWHVGHTXHODFLUFXODFLyQGHODFHLWHKD\DDGDSWDGR VX YHORFLGDG SDUD FRUUHVSRQGHU DO DXPHQWR GHO QLYHO GH FDUJD . TABLA II.. 7(03(5$785$0(',$0 È;,0$3(50,7,'$'(/$,5( 5()5,*(5$17($/$327(1&,$120,1$/'(/ 75$16)250$'25 Máxima temperatura del aire refrigerante $XWRUHIULJHUDGRVXPHUJLGR HQOtTXLGRUHIULJHUDQWH. B.. 0HWURV. . . . . &. . . . . Limitaciones para la potencia nominal. /D VREUHFDUJD \ HO IXQFLRQDPLHQWR FRQ WHPSHUDWXUDV DPELHQWHV PiV DOWDV TXH ODV QRUPDOHV LQWURGXFHQ XQ JUDGR GH ULHVJR \ XQ HQYHMHFLPLHQWR DFHOHUDGR &RQ UHODFLyQ D OD FRUULHQWH DUPyQLFD VH WLHQH OD VLJXLHQWH HFXDFLyQ GH OLPLWDFLyQ SDUD HVWDU GHQWUR GH XQ UDQJR QRUPDO GH XVR GHO WUDQVIRUPDGRU. ଶ ሺሻ ൌ ଶଵ ൬ͳ െ . െ ͳሻ ‫ כ‬ሺͳ െ . ି୲ൗ ሺத౥ Ȁ୩మమ ሻ ሻ. ି୲ൗ ሺ୩భభ ‫כ‬த౥ሻ ሺ૚૟ሻ. ଷ ሺሻ ൌ . $ FRQWLQXDFLyQ VH SUHVHQWD XQD WDEOD GH ODV FRQVWDQWHV SUHVHQWDGDVSRUODQRUPD,(&SDUDWUDQVIRUPDGRUHV GHGLVWULEXFLyQ. Cálculo de temperaturas con carga armónica. 3DUD XQ WUDQVIRUPDGRU GH GLVWULEXFLyQ DXWR UHIULJHUDGR WLSR 21$1 OD VREUHHOHYDFLyQ GH WHPSHUDWXUD UHVSHFWR DO DPELHQWH GH OD SDUWH VXSHULRU GHO DFHLWH WRS RLO ș72 HV SURSRUFLRQDO D ODV SpUGLGDV DUPyQLFDV GLYLGLGDV SDUD ODV WRWDOHV HOHYDGR DO H[SRQHQWH FRPR VH PXHVWUD D FRQWLQXDFLyQ ܲ௅௅ ൅ ܲே௅ ଴Ǥ଼ ൰ Ԩሺ૚૛ሻ ߠ்ை ൌ ߠ்ைିோ ‫ כ‬൬ ܲ௅௅ିோ ൅ ܲே௅. TABLA III.. 7$%/$'(&2167$17(63$5$/$6)81&,21(6'( 7(03(5$785$. Constantes &RQVWDQWHN &RQVWDQWHN &RQVWDQWHN &RQVWDQWHGHWLHPSRȗ &RQVWDQWHGHWLHPSRȗZ. Ĭ726REUHHOHYDFLyQGHWHPSHUDWXUDVXSHULRUGHODFHLWH Ĭ7256REUHHOHYDFLyQGHODWHPSHUDWXUDVXSHULRUGHODFHLWH SDUDFRQGLFLRQHVQRPLQDOHV b) Punto más caliente del devanado /DVREUHHOHYDFLyQGHOSXQWRFDOLHQWHGHGHYDQDGR KRWVSRW HV WDPELpQ SURSRUFLRQDO D ODV SpUGLGDV GH FDUJD HOHYDGR DO H[SRQHQWH\SXHGHVHUFDOFXODGRGHODVLJXLHQWHPDQHUD ଴Ǥ଼ ܲ௅௅ ሺ‫ݑ݌‬ሻ ቇ Ԩሺ૚૜ሻ ߠ௚ ൌ ߠ௚ିோ ‫ כ‬ቆ ܲ௅௅ିோ ሺ‫ݑ݌‬ሻ 'yQGH Θg : 0i[LPDVREUHHOHYDFLyQGHWHPSHUDWXUDGHOSXQWR PiVFDOLHQWHUHVSHFWRDODWHPSHUDWXUDVXSHULRUGHO DFHLWH & Θg-R : 0i[LPDVREUHHOHYDFLyQGHWHPSHUDWXUDGHOSXQWR PiVFDOLHQWHUHVSHFWRDODWHPSHUDWXUDVXSHULRUGHO DFHLWHSDUDFRQGLFLRQHVQRPLQDOHV & . ଶଵ. /D IXQFLyQ f3(t) GHVFULEH OD GLVPLQXFLyQ UHODWLYD GH OD WHPSHUDWXUDGHOQLYHOVXSHULRUGHODFHLWHDODGHODPELHQWHGH DFXHUGRFRQODXQLGDGGHODGLVPLQXFLyQWRWDO. a) Temperatura superior del aceite. . ି୲ൗ ሺ୩మమ ‫כ‬த౭ ሻ ൰ െ ሺ. (15). ܲ௅௅ିோ ሺ‫ݑ݌‬ሻ ‫ܫ‬௠௔௫ ሺ‫ݑ݌‬ሻ ൌ ඨ ሺ‫݌‬Ǥ ‫ݑ‬ሻሺ૚૚ሻ ͳ ൅ ‫ܨ‬ு௅ ‫ܲ כ‬ா஼ିோ ሺ‫ݑ݌‬ሻ C.. Variación de la temperatura superior del aceite y del punto más caliente de acuerdo a la carga. Transformadores de distribución (ONAN) . $ FRQWLQXDFLyQ VH PXHVWUD HO FRPSRUWDPLHQWR GH HVWDV IXQFLRQHV SDUD XQ WUDQVIRUPDGRU GH GLVWULEXFLyQ (Q ODV VLJXLHQWHV ILJXUDV VH SXHGH REVHUYDUOD HOHYDFLyQ \OD FDtGD GH WHPSHUDWXUD HQ XQ WUDQVIRUPDGRU GH GLVWULEXFLyQ FRQ UHODFLyQDOWLHPSRUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH. . 35. )LJ&RPSRUWDPLHQWRGHODHOHYDFLyQGHODWHPSHUDWXUDYV7LHPSR. .

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