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Written communication

Remedial grammar: Correcting a main mistakes

What is it?

o

Old tradional view --- students to learn a language --> Grammar as a

final product (language)

Deductive learning: Students are given the rule [Learn rule -->

Use to rule].

Prescriptive grammar: Show everything.

Observer of information.

Each student has the same level.

o

New contemporary views --- students to learn a lenguage -->

Communicative just communication --> Use the grammar rules.

Inductive learning [Use the rule --> Learn the rule]

Descriptive grammar: Show as you need to use.

Creator of informatión.

Each student has different level.

Descriptive grammar

o

Main Mistakes

For Instance: Coordination --> Mistake --> Prescriptive Grammar

--> [Solution].

Models of correction

1. Traditional correction: mark mistakes. Give right answer.

2. Inductive Communicative correction: where is the mistake and the nature of it.

3. Self correction [self – monitoring]:

a. Guiding (Underlining the mistake)

b. Orientating

c.

Correction table (English or Spanish) (With or without example).

C.A. Coordination agreement.

(This are a car).

SP. Spelling

(He is eat an appel).

W.M Word missing

(He is wearing a (pair of) jeans.

>>>? Revise. Rewriter

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. Pausa…

Pausa y nuevo párrafo

,

Short

T ? Tense

C Capitals

First draft (Teacher’s

correction)

This is Tom. He is

---an boy ---and he have 10

---years old.

---In the picture Tom

---is play with your

---friends.

Whit this method we can check

where it is the

source of the mistakes. We need tools to find what kind of mistakes have our students

(Unknowledge, attention…).

I  Identify (Give differents texts to the students for finding the correct answer to his

mistake).

C  Constrast/Compare

U  Use (To create anything new)

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Evaluation

50**

50**

40*

60*

20

80

Correction

1st draft

(40)

2nd draft

(60)

Final

Informatividad

2’5

10

Discourse structure

10

10

Grammar

20

30

Lexico (Target

language)

5

10

Spelling*

Neatness (Clean)*

2,5

5

Coherence **

Risk **

Puntuation **

7

Poner una tabla como la anterior en la mesa del alumno para que él conozca los aspectos principales *Primary 3º and 4º I --> 2,5

** Primary 5º and 6º D --> 5/10

Primary 1º and 2º G --> 5/20 L --> 5/5 N--> 2,5

20/40+5 = 7

Review about Written Communication

 Field of research  Correcting “writing”

o Models o Main Mistakes o Remedial Grammar

 What do we expect in a “written text”

Next:

 What text typology we should be teaching? o Students expectative in writing

CEFR (2001) – Written Communication

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Human being with Social quality --> Answer

Action is associated with inquiry.

Education --> Belong to the universe of discourse.

 Competencias lingüísticas  Competencias sociolingüísticas

 Competencias pragmáticas (El discurso pertenece al universo de la pragmática).

Macrofunciones de las actividades:

 Descripción: Que describe algo (otorga información para que la gente pueda representárselo en su mente).

o Objects, places, people, emotions, processes.

 Narración : Representa una sucesión de acciones en el tiempo. En esta sucesión temporal se produce un cambio o transformación desde una situación de partida a un estado final nuevo. Desde un punto de vista pragmático, la narración requiere

contener un elemento de intriga que estructura y da sentido a las acciones y acontecimientos que se suceden en el tiempo (Centro Virtual Cervantes).

 Comentario: Opinión, parecer, juicio o consideración que alguien hace acerca de otra persona o de algo.

 Exposición : Conjunto de enunciados orales o escritos con los que se expone un tema o un asunto.

 Exégesis: Explicación o interpretación de un texto.

 Explicación: Se define por su intención de hacer comprender a su destinatario un fenómeno o un acontecimiento. La explicación se organiza en torno a una estructura de problema-solución: se parte de un problema de conocimiento al que se trata de dar respuesta con la aportación de información que ofrezca claves del problema. Por lo tanto, es explicativo aquel que satisface una necesidad cognitiva, resuelve una duda y desencadena procesos de comprensión de la realidad (Centro Virtual Cervantes).

 Demostración: Enseñanza práctica, mediante una explicación o una indicación, de cómo funciona o se hace una cosa.

 Instrucción: Indicación, generalmente dentro de una serie de ellas, que se da, a veces como orden, para hacer una cosa correctamente.

 Argumentación: Aquel que tiene como fin o bien persuadir al destinatario del punto de vista que se tiene sobre un asunto, o bien convencerlo de la falsedad de una opinión previa (refutación), para la cual le aporta determinadas razones. Aparte de su

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 Persuasión: Argumentos para que se piense de una determinada manera o haga cierta cosa.

 Etcétera

1st cycle

 Description: --> Visual and images [guided] (fill the gap + write a description..). o Personal

o Animal

 Informal Letter [Controlled]: o Christmas – Wise Kings

 Brief notes: o Lists

 Materials  Ingredients

 Cards:

o Festivities o Happy birthay

 Definitions

2nd cycle

 Description: o 1st cycle o Object o Place

 Informal Letter: o 1st cycle o A friend

 Recipe:

o 1st cycle o Instruction

 Cards:

o 1st cycle o 2nd cycle o Postcards

o Purposes (More Personal)

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3rd cycle

 Description: o 1st cycle o 2nd cycle o Situation

 Informal Letter: o 1st cycle o 2nd cycle o A friend o Purposes

 Recipes:

o 1st cycle o 2nd cycle o Elaboration

 Cards:

o 1st cycle o 2nd cycle o + Purposes

 Expositive text: o 2nd cycle o + Argumentativ

WRITTEN

COMMUNICATION

Text Typology Functional Purpose Task Activity

Descriptive

Objects Places Personal Process Emotional Narrative Literary

Factual Argumentative Oral Speech

- Written:

- Persuassive - Exposition

1. Persuasive 2. Formal Letter 3. Exposition 4. Advertaisment 5. ....

Paper

Expository and Informative

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Dialogic Conversation (oral) 1. Speech Acts Dramatization

--- To Develop the knowledges in the document Textuality

---Kind of textuality in Primary school

1st cycle

A lot of orientations writing stage

Word/Letter: Description, definition, dialogic, Recount, free discourse diary...

2nd cycle

Desde el punto de vista lingüístico la lectura es una capacidad que tiene el individuo post literal, no es una destreza innata, es una destreza reflexionada, formada, pensada, por eso de manera innata los niños no aprenden a leer. Cuando hablamos de lectura, hablamos de ‘enseñanza de lectura’ porque no es algo innato.

No se puede leer con una mente en blanco, cuando lees lo que haces es anticiparte a lo que crees que vas a recibir, y realizas una predicción.

Ser capaz de resumir y sintetizar una idea, y comprimirla en una palabra o dos.

Capacidad del niño de crear sentido, crear sentido a una serie de grafos.

Las preguntas hh inferenciales en el texto y evaluativa.

English native school + Infant education

Look and say.

We depart from the minimal unit of meaning “The word”.

Visual aids:

 Isolated words

 Words in sentences (1st we work on creating a sound image of the word).

Examples:

Didactic units: food.

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b – a – n – a – n – a

Es importante que no asocien las palabras como en su L1, es decir, que no silaben como en español, por eso se separan en letras, no en sílabas.

Language experience approach: we depart from the longest units of meaning “the discourse”.

Reading

Activities:

 Accuracy

 How do you read?  Fluency

 How much do you understand?

Letter stage recognition Word stage recognition Phrase/Sentence stage ---- Paragraph J.R ---

--- Discourse TEXT. Reading understanding --- Correct use of English:

 It's shown  Meaning

 Look up (Look up in a dictionary)  Contest

 At the end/The last

The main goal is the reading so we must paying focus in the text.

Reading … Goal? --> Skimming + Scanning --> Culture + Linguistic exponent (Word, Grammar, Learn).

Activity: Read and answer. True\False questions. Then give answer to: a) Match “meanings” with words in the text.

b) Write a short paragraph answering: What do you think…?

-To active reading strategies-

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While-reading – Explain clear instructions and how many reading a) First personal reading

b) Second group reading

c) Read and Answer wh- or true/false questions

Post-reading – Giving answer – Checking – Correcting a) Link with another skill

b) We need a sheet model for showing our students how they should fill up the activity.

Referencias

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